Y13 RESEARCH METHODS - validity Flashcards
what is validity?
the extent to which an observed effect is genuine
whether the test measures precisely what it aims to measure
data collected must be accurate
what is internal validity?
Whether the researcher has measured what they intended to measure. Effect observed in an experiment is due to the manipulation of the IV, not an extraneous variable.
DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS = LOWERS internal validity.
what is external validity?
The extent to which the investigation can be generalised to other settings, populations and eras.
What are the types of external validity?
Ecological validity
Temporal validity
Population validity
Mundane realism
What is ecological validity?
The extent to which findings can be generalised from one setting to others especially every day life.
What is temporal validity?
Whether findings are true over time. ( so are free from historical bias)
What is population validity?
What are the findings from the study’s ps can be generalised to the target population.
What is mundane realism?
Refers to have an experiment where is the real world.
Simulated task is realistic = similar to the task in the real world.
If a study has mundane realism it is likely results would be ecologically valid.
What are two ways in assessing validity?
Face validity and concurrent validity.
Explain face validity?
Looking at the measuring instrument or asking an expert to check it - just to see if the idea of the study ‘makes sense’
Explain concurrent validity?
when the results obtained in a new test are close to or match those obtained on another recognised and well-established test.
How to improve validity in experiments?
- using a control group = researcher is better able to assist with the changes in DV were due to manipulation of IV
- standardising procedures = minimise impact of participants by activity and investigator affects
single + double blind procedures = reduces effects of demand characteristics.
How to improve validity in questionnaires?
- incorporate a nice scale within a question to assess the consistency of the respondents response + the control effects of social desirability bias.
How to improve observations?
Covert observations = findings have high ecological validity = behaviour observed is natural and authentic.
Why is qualitative research more valid than quantitative research?
The depth and detail associated with case studies in interviews are better able to reflect to participants reality.
