RESEARCH METHODS: Self report techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

what are self report techniques?

A

Any method in which a person is asked to state or explain the own feelings, opinions, behaviours or experiences related to a given topic.

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2
Q

What are questionnaires?

A

They are a set of written questions used to assess a persons thoughts and experiences. It assesses the dependent variable.

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3
Q

What are the two types of questionnaires?

A

Open questions and closed questions

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4
Q

What are open questions?

A

Open questions do not have a fixed range of answers. Respondents are free to answer in any way. It produces qualitative data that contains a wide range of different responses but may be difficult to analyse.

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5
Q

What are closed questions?

A

Close questions offer a fixed number of responses. They are yes or no answers or ‘1-10’ answers. It produces quantitative data which is easy to analyse but may lack depth and detail associated with open questions.

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6
Q

What are interviews?

A

Interviews are the live encounter where one person asks a set of questions to assess an interviewees’ thoughts or experience/

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7
Q

What is a structured interview?

A

Questions are preset.

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8
Q

What is a unstructured interview?

A

Questions may develop as interview goes along.

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9
Q

What are semi structured interviews?

A

When there is a list of questions that have been worked out in advance but interviewers are free to ask follow-up questions.

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10
Q

Evaluate questionnaires?

A

+ questionnaires are cost-effective. Large amount of data is gathered quickly because they are distributed to large numbers of people.

+Questionnaires can be completed without the presence of the researcher. (postal questionnaire reduces the effort involved)

+ Data produced is straightforward to analyse.
+ Data provides, statistical analysis and comparisons between groups of people.

  • responses given may not be truthful. Responders may be keen to prove themselves in a positive light which may influence their answers. This means there are demand characteristics and social desirability bias.
  • questionnaires often produce a response bias which is where respondents reply in a similar way. e.g always ticking yes, this is because respondents want to finish the questionnaire quickly.
  • acquiescence bias - the tendency to agree with items on a questionnaire regardless of the content question.
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11
Q

evaluate structured interviews

A

+ straightforward to replicate due to the standardised format.
+ standardised format also reduces the differences between interviewers.

-interviewers cannot deviate from the topic or explain questions, this will limit the richness of the data collected as well as limit un expected information

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12
Q

evaluate unstructured interviews

A

+ there is more flexibility, the interview accounts follow-up points and more likely to gain insight into the world view of the interviewee, including collecting unexpected information.

  • flexibility may lead to an increasing risk of interviewer bias.
    -Analysis of data from an unstructured interview is not straightforward. The research I may have to sift through the relevant information and draw conclusions which may be difficult.
    -there is a risk that interviewers may lie for reasons of social desirability.
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