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GCSE Religious Studies > Y11 Life and Death > Flashcards

Y11 Life and Death Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the Magisterium consist of?

A

Cardinals and the Pope.

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2
Q

What are Cardinals?

A

Senior bishops that are in charge of a country or large area.

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3
Q

The cardinal for England and Wales is…

A

Vincent Nichols.

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4
Q

Summarise what the Magisterium talk about:

A

They interpret the teachings of the Church, deal with issues that are not in the bible e.g. Genetic Engineering and provide the official teachings of the Church in the Catechism.

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5
Q

Give the definition of ORDINARY MAGISTERIUM:

A

When the Popes and Bishops usually preach and write letters to people in their diocese (The Laity).

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6
Q

What is the role of letters wrote by the ORDINARY MAGISTERIUM?

A

Encouraging faith, clarify a point of faith or give instructions.

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7
Q

Give an example of a letter wrote from he ORDINARY MAGISTERIUM:

A

Evangelium Vitae (The Gospel of Life) - a papal encyclical wrote by Pope John Paul 11.

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8
Q

Give a quote by Pope St John Paul that you could use in an answer about the ORDINARY MAGISTERIUM:

A

“Society as a whole must respect, defend and promote the dignity of every human person at every moment and in every condition of that person’s life.”

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9
Q

Give the definition of an EXTRAORDINARY MAGISTERIUM:

A

An extraordinary form of the Magisterium - when a meeting takes place face to face. Sometimes the bishops are asked to sit in a General Council.

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10
Q

What is the role of a meeting as The EXTRAORDINARY MAGISTERIUM:

A

To explore significant issues in the life of the Church.

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11
Q

Give an example of an EXTRAORDINARY MAGISTERIUM taking place:

A

The first council is recorded in the Bible - they decided what practices new converts to Christianity could follow.

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12
Q

Give a quote that you could use in an answer about the EXTRAORDINARY MAGISTERIUM:

A

“It is my judgement that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God.”Acts 15:19-20.

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13
Q

Magisterial pronouncement can either be… (2)

A

PontificalORConciliar.

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14
Q

What is the Conciliar Magisterium?What happens if the Pope dies during the Council?

A
  • Sometimes, all the bishops meet as a council to discuss a matter of faith - the Pope has the authority to make the councils meet.- The council stops and will only resume if the new Pope agrees to it continued - everything needs to be approved by the Pope.
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15
Q

Why is the Council important?

A

They allow the Pope to understand the feelings of the whole Catholic Community and help him make important decisions that affect the rest of the Church.

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16
Q

Give an example of a Conciliar Magisterium:

A

The Nicene Creede which is regularly said in Church on Sundays.

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17
Q

What is the Pontifical Magisterium?What do Catholics believe as a result of Apostolic Succesion?

A
  • Pope has the title “Ponifex Maximus” which means the Great Bridge Builder in Latin.- All the authority given to St Peter gets passed from Pope to Pope.
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18
Q

Pontifical Magisterium - What does the Pope have to do if he declares a teaching alone?

A

Speak “ex cathedra” - with the full support of the Office. These teachings are considered infaliable.

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19
Q

Pontifical Magisterium - The use of this form is…

A

Very rare.

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20
Q

Give the only 2 times that Pontifical Magisterium has been used:

A
  • 1854 Pope Piux IX declared the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception of Mary.- Also declared the doctrine of assumption of Mary into Heaven.
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21
Q

Give the definition for “Vatican 11”:The documents were…

A
  • The council which talked about how the Roman Catholic Church fits in with the modern world- The documents were without modern issues in the world e.g. abortion.
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22
Q

What does Euthanasia mean?What is the motivation of it?

A

Easy death - Assisted Suicide.To end a person’s pain or suffering.

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23
Q

Where is Euthanasia legal and illegal?

A

LEGAL: Belgium, Holland and Switzerland.ILLEGAL: UK.

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24
Q

What do people who are in favour of Euthanasia say? (3)

A
  • Poor quality of life should be considered.- Human right for people to be able to judge their own situation - not doctors.- It is expensive to treat and keep people alive that don’t have a good quality of life and there is no hope.
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25
Q

What do people who are against Euthanasia say? (3)

A
  • A cure could be found - it shouldnt be too late for anyone.- Compramises the role of a doctor as they take a Hippocratic Oath.- People might change their mind as they have good days and bad days.
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26
Q

What is Palliative Care?What is the aim of it?

A

The time leading to death can be long and burdensome, aim of Palliative care is to control that pain with medication to help the person have as much dignity and quality of life as possible.

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27
Q

WHAT: Euthanasia describes a procedure where…

A

A medical professional like a doctor or a nurse gives medication to end the life of a person with an incurable condition who is suffering terrible pain.

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28
Q

What would Catholics say about ending life before Natural Death?Give 2 Quotes.

A

“God made mankind in His image” Genesis.”Do not Kill” 10 Commandments.

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29
Q

What does the Head of the Cathold Church say about Euthanasia?

A

Pope: “The right to life means allowing people to live and not killing.”

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30
Q

How do Catholics feel we should treat people who are dying? (3)

A

1) Prepare themselves to die well - Palliative Care, planning their funeral etc.2) Rituals like funerals to help people who are grieving.3) Respect the values of their life until their natural death.

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31
Q

What would Humanists (atheists) say about Euthanasia? Give 2 quotes.

A

“Good without God” - Quality not Sanctity of Life.“My life, my death, my choice” people can choose when to die.

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32
Q

Give 3 arguments Humanists could say about being FOR Euthanasia:

A

1) It is uncaring not to help them.2) People of sound mind can make a choice.3) They should have Good Quality of Life.

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33
Q

How do Humanists show their beliefs about the “right to die”? Think of Tony Bland…

A

2012 - British Humanist Assosciation supported a challenge to law here in the UK on behalf of Tony Bland who had “locked in syndrome” unable to move or speak, wanted assisted suicide. Died without any changes.

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34
Q

What is the Sanctity of Life?

A

The belief that life is special and holy because it belongs to God. Jews and Christians both believe this and that humans were created in the Image of God.

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35
Q

What do Jewish people think about Euthanasia?Give a key definition and explain it.

A

PIKUACH NEFESH- (Saving and preserving human life) is a central part of their religion so the religion forbids anything that might shorted life. “Do not Kill” Mitzvot.Imago dei - life is Holy.

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36
Q

WHAT - do Catholics believe about life after death? (2)

A
  • The soul lives forver.- People are judged based on their actions (by God.)
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37
Q

WHY - do Catholics believe there is life after death? (3)

A
  • Bible “I believe in the resurrection of the body and the life to come.”- Ressurection of Jesus.- Bible New Testament talks about life after death.
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38
Q

HOW - are Catholics effected by life after death? (3)

A
  • Encourages them to love and worhsip God.- Puts life into perspective, materialistic possesions don’t mean anything.- Encourages them to follow rules in the Bible and be humble.
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39
Q

Overall, what do Catholics believe will happen when we die?

A

God will judge us based on our actions during our lifetime. If we have been good = rewarded with Heaven and reunited with God.

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40
Q

WHAT - do Jews believe about life after death?

A

OLAM HA-BA: “The world to come”, Death is part of God’s plan. Little teachings in the Bible which has led to differences between beliefs of Jews.

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41
Q

HOW - are Jews effected by OLAM HA-BA?

A

The Torah states that God punishes people on the basis of their faithfulness to the Mitzvots so Jews will try to follow them - especially Orthodox Jews.

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42
Q

What do Catholics believe about Resurrection? (Think of JESUS)

A

Bible - “I am the ressurector” Jesus’ body was never found and Angels told people he was ressurected. Brings hope to Christians, proof there is life after death.

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43
Q

What does the Bible teach Catholics about Resurrection?St Paul teaches…

A

St Paul teaches that there is a difference between our heavenly bodies and our earthly bodies. Similair to the analogy of the sunflower seeds - the seed is different to the plant.

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44
Q

What do some people say that goes against the Ressurection of Jesus? Romans…Countered…

A

His body was stolen. Romans stole it to reduce the likelhood of Jesus’ followers making extraordinary claims about him COUNTERED: Why didnt they return it when people started preaching?

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45
Q

What do some people say that goes against the Ressurection of Jesus? Apostles…Countered…

A

Apostles stole the body.COUNTERED: Why would they risk their own lives for something they knew to be untrue?

46
Q

Examples of evidence for life after death: (2)

A
  • Memories of past lives.- “near death experiences” people have claimed to have been temporarily seperated from their physical body.
47
Q

WHAT - do Jews believe will happen when the Messiah comes?

A

The righteous dead will be brought back to life and given the opportunity to experience a good world but the wicked won’t be ressurected.

48
Q

WHY - do Jews believe about life after death?

A

In the book of Daniel…” Many of those who sleep in the dusty earth will awaken: these for everlasting life and these for shame, for everlasting abhorrence.”

49
Q

HOW - do Jews believe they could be considered rightoeus?

A

By following the 613 mitzvot. Only the very righteous will be able to reach Gan Eden - the place of spiritual pefection.

50
Q

What do some Orthodox Jews believe will happen after death?

A

SOULS are resurrected. The souls come together in SHEOL (similair to heaven, where the dead live). Wicked souls are tormented or destroyed at death.

51
Q

What do Catholics believe about Heaven?WHAT

A

Throughout the bible, stories of heaven as a place of eternal peace with God in paradise is mentioned.

52
Q

What do Catholics believe about Heaven?WHY

A

“There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain”- New Testament.

53
Q

What do Catholics believe about Heaven?HOW?

A

Heaven is therefore seen as a reward for those who have followed Jesus’ teaching such as ‘Love thy Neighbour’.

54
Q

What do Catholics think about God punishing people with Hell?

A

God doesn’t choose to punish us - it is our own decisions that take us away from him. “They will go away for eternal punishment”Matthew’s Gospel.

55
Q

What is Purgatory?

A

The catholic belief in a place where people go, temporarily, after death to be cleansed of sin before they are fit to live with God in Heaven.

56
Q

Where does the word Purgatory come from?

A

The latin “purgare” which means to cleanse or get rid of sins.

57
Q

What is Purgatory meant to do?

A

Since eternal life with God is about being in a state of perfection, cleansing those mistakes lets a person be reunited with God in Heaven. Purgatory is a way to help people get back to God.

58
Q

Give a quote that links to Purgatory:

A

“It will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test the quality of each person’s work. If what has been built survives, the builder will receive a reward”1 Corinthians 3

59
Q

How does Purgatory affect Catholics?

A

It gives them hope that they can still be reunited with God which is why people pray for those who have died - it helps them to join with God for eternal life.

60
Q

Give a quote by Pope Francis about Purgatory:

A

“The souls in heaven assist us with their prayers, while we asist the souls in purgatory through our good works, prayer and participation in the Eucharist.”

61
Q

Summarise THE PARABLE OF THE UNMERCIFUL SERVANT:

A

The servant (us) begged the master (GOD) for forgiveness and was forgiven. Then, the servant didn’t forgive someone who wrong’d him. How can you expect to be forgiven by God when you don’t forgive others?

62
Q

Give a quote from the Master in THE PARABLE OF THE UNMERCIFUL SERVANT:

A

“This is how my heavenly Father will treat each of you unless you forgive your brother or sister from your heart.”

63
Q

Summarise THE PRARABLE OF THE RICH MAN AND LAZARUS:

A

A rich man ignored a poor man’s cries of help. He should have helped Lazarus because after the rich man died, he wasn’t given help. Treat others the way you want to be treated.

64
Q

Give a quote from Abraham in THE PARABLE OF THE RICH MAN AND LAZARUS:

A

“Son, remember that during your lifetime you had everything you wanted, and Lazaurs had nothing. So now he is here being comforted, and you are in anguish.”

65
Q

Give a WHAT for your answer about Judgement:

A

The new testament has several stories told by Jesus that refer to judgement being made about how people live their lives.

66
Q

What do Catholics believe about Judgement?

A

Each individual will be held to account for the things they do, or fail to do during their lives.

67
Q

What happens during a Catholic funeral?

A

Coffins can be decorated with symbols, it is about celebrating people’s lives.

68
Q

The Nicene Creed is often said in Funerals. give a quote:

A

“I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come”.

69
Q

Who is Gabriel Faure?

A

A man known for composing the music used in Mass for the dead in the Catholic Church.

70
Q

What is Faure’s Requiem?Give a quote said by him:

A

It was composed aftet the death of his father and performed after the death of his mother. Catholics may choose this as it brings a sense of calm = it shows the positive aspect of the afterlife.”I see death as a happy deliverance, an aspiration”

71
Q

Give 2 reasons why we use music in our prayers:

A
  • It leads people to express their feelings that some times are diffciult.- It can support someone by helping people come together through singing.
72
Q

What does “Abide with Me” show us about what catholics believe in the afterlife?

A

“The darkness deepens, Lord with me abide”Shows the belief in life after death = God is always with them.

73
Q

How does Faure’s Requiem reflect Catholic beliefs about the afterlife?

A

The symbols in the music help the grieving family to have faith and comfort.Also gives hope that the person who has died is no longer in pain - they are free from their suffering.

74
Q

Artefacts…

A

use imagery to help explore ideas and find ways of expressing beliefs.

75
Q

What is a Sarcophagus?

A

A stone tomb which is an artifcact and it is used to help express beliefs.

76
Q

Give a symbol from the Sarcophagus:

A
  • Jesus is given the crown of thorns but the sculptor has contrasted the suffering of Jesus with his triumph over sin as the crown of thorns is filled with Jewels.-
77
Q

Sarcophagus SymbolThe centre panel has a…

A

cross with the “Chi Rho” symbol representing Jesus - it is an ancient symbol of ressurection. To reinforce the victory of Jesus over death, the Chi Rho is set in a wreath held by 2 eagles - eagles represent God.

78
Q

What is the Paschal candle?

A

It conveys Christian beliefs that the ressurection brought humankind light and hope - the symbols on it are a reminder how Jesus brought salvation.

79
Q

When is the Paschal candle used?

A

At Easter and at baptism as a reminder that “The light of the world” has defeated death and that salvation from sin is possible.

80
Q

Different types of PrayersThanksgiving:

A

It is common for people to give thanks to God. For catholics, the most important act of thanksgiving is the Liturgy of the Eucharist during the Mass. It gives thanks for the sacrifice of Jesus in his death and ressurection.

81
Q

Different types of PrayersPetitions:

A

Individual Chritstians will ask God to help them. They will “petiton” God to respond to their own needs.

82
Q

Different types of PrayersRepentance:

A

When Christians sin, they feel sorry and express regret about having sinned. Catholics repent during a section of the mass called the Penitential rite. For more significant sins, Catholics can seek the Sacrament of Reconcillation.

83
Q

Different types of PrayersAdoration:

A

This is when Christians simply acknowledge that God is wonderful and worthy of praise. The catholic way of starting prayers “In the name of the Father, the son and of the holy spirit” is an act of prayerful adoration.

84
Q

Different types of PrayersIntercession:

A

The prayers that ask God to help others. At every Mass, there are Intercessory prayers.

85
Q

Give an example of Adoration from THE LORD’S PRAYER:

A

“Hallowed be thy name”To give “hallows” is to make “holy.” This prayer starts with a statement of adoration.

86
Q

Give an example of Petition from THE LORD’S PRAYER:

A

“Gives us this day our daily bread”Christians are asking God to meet their own needs.

87
Q

What are Formulaic Prayers?

A

SET PRAYERS. Prayers that have been used over the years in the Church - the same words are said in the same way every time.

88
Q

What are Extempore Prayers?

A

When Catholics use their own words to speak with God - it is a more spontaneous way of praying.

89
Q

Give an example of a Formulaic Prayers:

A

Our Father Prayer - It is called The Lord’s Prayer because the Gosepels tell us that these words were Jesus’ instructions on how to pray. also, the rosary beeds.

90
Q

Give an example of an Extempore Prayer:

A

Some Christians feel so moved by the Holy Spirit that they worship God with unusual sounds. This is called Charismatic Prayers.

91
Q

How can Formulaic prayers be useful to Catholics?

A

It helps to stop people from becoming distracted and enables them to pray more deeply.

92
Q

What is Mass?

A

Mass is following in the footsteps of Jesus at the Last Supper - bread and wine. Jesus said “Do this in memory of me”St Augustine “We become what we eat”

93
Q

Mass is our…

A

Participation in the salvation given by Jesus.

94
Q

Different parts of the MassSign of the Cross

A

We start our Mass, like we do all our prayers by making the Sign of the Cross together.

95
Q

Different parts of the MassPenitential Rite

A

A special Prayer that shows each other that we are less than perfect and need God’s forgiveness. We bring to mind and say sorry for things we have said or done that are not quite what God would have wanted.

96
Q

Different parts of the MassLiturgy of the Word

A

We listen to the World of God readings from the Bible - Old Testament, New Testament, Gospel and Psalms.

97
Q

Different parts of the MassCreed

A

During this part of the Mass, the congregation stands and say together the things that they believe as Catholics.

98
Q

Different parts of the MassBidding Prayers

A

These prayers ask for God to do things in our lives and the lives of others.

99
Q

Different parts of the MassOffertory

A

Members of the congregation bring gifts of Bread and Wine to the Altar.

100
Q

Different parts of the MassEucharist Prayer and Consecration

A

The part of the Mass where the Bread and wine are blessed in a special way by the Priest, and change to become the Body and Blood of Christ.

101
Q

Different parts of the MassHoly Communion

A

The congregation receive the body and blood of Christ.

102
Q

Different parts of the MassBlessing and Dismissal

A

We are blessed by the Priest “In the name of the Father, and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” and sent out to proclaim God’s good news.

103
Q

Give a quote that has reference to Heaven in prayer:

A

“Have mercy on us all, make us worthy to share eternal life”Heaven is a rwward to those who have lived a good life. It is God’s grace and forgiveness that we are able to enter eternal life.

104
Q

Give a quote that has reference to the belief in spiriual ressurection:

A

“Remember our brothers and sisters who have gone to their rest in the hope of rising again.”

105
Q

Do Jews pray for the dead?

A

No, they believe these prayers are not effective as the Torah says “For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing.”

106
Q

Do Jews believe that the dead have to be remembered?

A

Yes, Male mourners recite the Kaddish which is a prayer declaring God’s greatness. Jews believe they have to trust in God and the way that He runs the world in order to fully heal from the loss of a loved one.

107
Q

Give an example of Jewish symbolism for the dead:

A

A candle is kept burning day and night to represent the Person’s soul. “A person’s soul is the candle of the Lord” Proverbs 20:27.

108
Q

What do Catholics about praying for dead?

A

It is important to pray for the death to help them join with God - such prayers are usually prayers of Intercession. Many Catholics recite the eternal rest prayer when they pray for dead.

109
Q

Why do Catholics pray for the dead?

A

Because they believe in eternal life. Their prayers express hope that God will free the person who has died from any burden of sin. “After death they undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven”

110
Q

How does the belief of praying for the dead influence Catholics?

A

Asking priests to offer Mass for a relative or a friend who has died/ On these occasions, the priest will remmeber that person in his own prayers during Mass. The person’s name may be mentioned during Eucharistic prayer.

GCSE Religious Studies (9 decks)

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