y10 test January

Question 1

What drug was prescribed for cancer but also found to help pregnant women’s mourning sickness? (this did not go well)

Answer 1

Thalidomide

Question 2

What does efficacy mean?

Answer 2

The maximum response achievable from a pharmaceutical drug in research settings
I explaining

Question 3

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 3

Alexander Fleming

Question 4

What white blood cell produces antibodies and why do the do it?

Answer 4

Lymphocytes produce antibodies that are specifically shaped so they can stick to the antigen. And so the pathogens stick together a is easier to be engulfed.

Question 5

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 5

When a white blood cell identifies a pathogen, engulfs and digests it using an acidic enzyme and toxic chemicals.

Question 6

who do white blood cells producing antitoxins help?

Answer 6

Because the pathogens release toxins and the WBC neutralise it by reeling anti toxins that attach to the pathogen.

Question 7

What order of people are drugs tripled on before they are produced?

Answer 7

1. Are analysed in a lab to identify any dangers to humans
2. tested on two animal species
3. Are tested on a few healthy individuals
4. tested on patients so identify weather it teases the disease
5. trailed to a large number of people half receiving a placebo

Question 8

What is an antibody?

Answer 8

A protein molecule produced by white blood cells

Question 9

State the process of producing monoclonal antibodies.

Answer 9

1. Mouse injected with antigen
2. the lymphocytes are removed (they have specific anti body’s)
3. Tumoros cells are added to to the lymphocytes
4. The hybridoma rapidly divide
5. Can be mass produced

Question 10

What are the uses of monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 10

Test for drugs
Combat infections
Salmonella screening
HIV blood screening

Question 11

Why do you use a streak plate?

Answer 11

to separate an individual bacteria so colonies can grow. to identify microbes from a mixed batch.

Question 12

How can you carry out an aseptic technique?

Answer 12

by flaming the neck of the bottle. using a bunsen to create a convection.

Question 13

what was the technique in steps when growing m.roseus on pour plates?

Answer 13

1. pour an set agar

2. introduce m.rosa using streaking method

Question 14

What ways are there to reduce antibiotic resistance?

Answer 14

1. Only take when necessary.
2. Treat specific bacteria with specific antibiotics.
3. High hospital hygiene levels, including regular hand washing by staff and visitors.
4. Patients, who are infected with antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria, should be isolated from other patients.

Question 15

Why are anti bionics becoming less effective?

Answer 15

over use and agricultural use

Question 16

What does haemoglobin do?

Answer 16

is in red blood cells and binds to oxygen

Question 17

What is a Benign tutor?

Answer 17

1. Normally grow slowly
2. Usually grow within a membrane, so can easily be removed and in most cases do not grow back
3. Do not spread to other parts of the body
4. Can still be life-threatening if they cause damage to an organ
5. are not cancerous

Question 18

What is a Malignant tumour?

Answer 18

1. Are cancerous
2. Normally grow quickly
3. Can spread to other parts of the body in the bloodstream
4. As the tumour grows, cancer cells detach and can form secondary tumours in other parts of the body - this is called metastasis

Question 19

What is a secondary tumour and what is it called?

Answer 19

Metastasis when cancer cells detach and travel to another part of the body.

Question 20

What is another word for the ring of clear around antibiotics on a our plate?

Answer 20

zone of inhibition

Question 21

Name two bacterial diseases?

Answer 21

Salmonella and gonorrhoea

Question 22

Name two viral diseases

Answer 22

Measles and HIV