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Biology > Y10 Recall quiz questions > Flashcards

Y10 Recall quiz questions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following is likely to be the last resort when treating heart disease

A

heart transplant

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2
Q

Which tissue is found on the surface of leaves?

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

Which tissue allows air spaces to exist inside the leaf?

A

Spongy mesophyll

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4
Q

Which type of transport is carried out by the xylem?

A

Transpiration

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5
Q

Which type of transport is carried out by the phloem?

A

Translocation

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6
Q

What are the holes in the underside of a leaf called?

A

Stomata

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7
Q

What is the function of the holes in the underside of a leaf?

A

Gas exchange

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8
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

image size/actual size

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9
Q

What is the objective lens?

A

a lens on a microscope that has three choices which you can swivel

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10
Q

what is the rearranged equation for actual size?

A

image size/magnification

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11
Q

mm to micrometres

A

x1000

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12
Q

which two molecules move into an animal cell by diffusion?

A

oxygen glucose

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13
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

temperature surface area concentration gradient

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14
Q

What molecule moves by osmosis?

A

water

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15
Q

What do bacterial cells reproduce?

A

binary fission

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16
Q

how many new cells are made each time mitosis takes place?

A

2

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17
Q

Which tissue carries out most of the photosynthesis in a leaf?

A

Palisade mesophyll

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18
Q

Which tissue carries water and mineral ions?

A

Xylem

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19
Q

Which tissue carries glucose and amino acids?

A

Phloem

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20
Q

What are the holes on the underside of the leaf called?

A

stomata

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21
Q

what is the function of the holes in the underside of the leaf?

A

gas exchange

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22
Q

What gas is needed for photosynthesis to occur?

A

Carbon dioxide gas

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23
Q

What gas is produced during photosynthesis?

A

oxygen gas

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24
Q

Why do green plants and algae need to make their own food?

A

to provide energy for living, and they don’t eat so they need to make food for themselves

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25
Q

Why can only green plants and algae carry out photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplasts are needed for photosynthesis to occur

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26
Q

Do all plants cells have chloroplasts?

A

No, only the ones that receive light. E.g. Root hair cells have no chloroplasts.

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27
Q

Besides chloroplasts, what else is needed for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide,water,light

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28
Q

What is made by plants during photosynthesis?

A

glucose and oxygen

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29
Q

What is glucose?

A

a sugar molecule

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30
Q

“Carbon dioxide + water 🡪 glucose + oxygen” is the word equation for which chemical reaction?

A

photosynthesis

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31
Q

Why isn’t light in the equation for photosynthesis?

A

light isn’t a chemical so it can’t go in a chemical equation

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32
Q

Why is light needed during photosynthesis?

A

Light provides the energy to make the chemical reaction happen

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33
Q

A chemical that is used in a chemical reaction and is found on the left of the arrow is known as a _______

A

reactant

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34
Q

What is the waste product of photosynthesis?

A

oxygen

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35
Q

What is a molecule that the cell needed from the reaction known as?

A

useful product

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36
Q

What is the useful product of photosynthesis?

A

glucose

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37
Q

Which part of a plant does the most photosynthesis?

A

leaf cells

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38
Q

How is a leaf adapted to carry out photosynthesis?

A

It has a large surface area to trap sunlight and a good supply of water and carbon dioxide.

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39
Q

How does carbon dioxide get into leaves for photosynthesis?

A

Tiny holes in the underside of each leaf called stomata

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40
Q

What would happen to green plants if they couldn’t photosynthesise?

A

they would die as they would not have any way of getting an energy supply.

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41
Q

What would happen to other living things if no plants could photosynthesise?

A

Animals that eat plants would die as they would have no food to eat. Humans and other meat eating animals would then die too.

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42
Q

What would happen to the earth’s atmosphere if plants didn’t photosynthesise?

A

The level of carbon dioxide would rise, and the level of oxygen would fall.

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43
Q

What is the process that happens inside all living cells, to release energy from glucose?

A

respiration

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44
Q

Which of the following tissues contains stem cells?

A

Meristem

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45
Q

Why do living cells need to respire?

A

Living cells need an energy supply for all the processes they carry out (eg, chemical reactions, keeping warm and movement).

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46
Q

What would happen to a cell that stopped respiring?

A

Without the energy supply from respiration, the cell would die.

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47
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

Aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen)

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48
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen 🡪 carbon dioxide + water (plus energy is transferred

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49
Q

Where in a living cell does respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

50
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

A

Glucose 🡪 lactic acid (plus energy is transferred)

51
Q

What’s the anaerobic respiration equation in plants/yeast?

A

Glucose 🡪 ethanol + carbon dioxide

52
Q

What four microorganisms can spread communicable disease?

A

virus, protist, bacteria, fungus

53
Q

Gonorrhoea and Salmonella are both types of?

A

bacteria

54
Q

Malaria is caused by a?

A

protist

55
Q

Rose Black Spot is caused by a?

A

fungus

56
Q

Measles, HIV and TMV are all types of?

A

virus

57
Q

What are the symptoms of measels?

A

red skin rash,fever

58
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

A

vomiting,diarrhoea

59
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

green/yellow discarge,pain when urinating,fever

60
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

Fever that comes and goes every few days

61
Q

What drugs can be given by doctors if a person is ill with a bacterial infection?

A

Antibiotics

62
Q

How do fungi reproduce inside our bodies?

A

They invade surface tissues of our bodies and grow by producing branched filaments called hyphae. They cause damage because they feed on our surface cells.

63
Q

How do viruses reproduce inside our bodies?

A

They invade our body cells and make many copies of themselves. They cause damage when they burst out from our cells.

64
Q

What do white blood cells produce when they are exposed to a bacterial infection that might help us start to feel better?

A

Antitoxins

65
Q

What do white blood cells identify on the outside of a pathogen that helps them decide whether to destroy it or not?

A

Antigens

66
Q

What do white blood cells produce when they are exposed to a pathogen that help us to become immune to it in future?

A

Antibodies

67
Q

When new drugs or vaccines are being developed by scientists, what happens during the clinical trials?

A

Testing on humans

68
Q

What is digitalis used for treating?

A

Treating heart disease

69
Q

What is aspirin used for treating?

A

Reducing pain

70
Q

What is penicillin used for treating?

A

Destroying bacteria

71
Q

What is the definition of an organ?

A

A group of tissues working together to carry out a function

72
Q

What is the name of the specially shaped part of an enzyme?

A

Active site

73
Q

What do we say has happened to an enzyme if it loses it’s special shape and can no longer work?

A

It has been denatured

74
Q

The special shape of an enzyme can be altered by:

A

High temperature and extreme pH

75
Q

What part of the digestive system comes after the stomach?

A

small intestine

76
Q

What is the name of the acid found inside the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

77
Q

What does the enzyme amylase do?

A

Breaks down starch into sugars

78
Q

What are the products of protein digestion?

A

amino acids

79
Q

When carrying out the Benedict’s reagent test for sugars, what would you need to do to the test tube after mixing Benedict’s with the food sample? (2)

A

wait 5-10 minutes, heat it

80
Q

When carrying out the Biuret test for protein, what colour change shows that protein is present in the food?

A

blue to lilac

81
Q

When the heart muscle contracts, which organs of the body is blood sent to from the right ventricle?

A

Lungs

82
Q

Which part of the blood carries dissolved carbon dioxide?

A

Plasma

83
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A cell that is not yet specialised

84
Q

What does a vaccine contain?

A

dead or weakened pathogens

85
Q

What is digitalis used for treating?

A

treating heart disease

86
Q

What is aspirin used for treating?

A

reducing pain

87
Q

What is penicillin used for treating?

A

destroying bacteria

88
Q

what is the function of salivary glands?

A

moistens food

89
Q

what are fatty acids used for?

A

to build cell membranes

90
Q

how is the small intestine adapted for digestion?

A

has a very thin permeable membrane

91
Q

what do proteins turn into once digested?

A

amino acids

92
Q

what is the role of bile?

A

emulsifies fat

93
Q

what is the function of proteases?

A

breaks down proteins into amino acids

94
Q

where does lipase get produced?

A

pancreas

95
Q

what is the function of the gall bladder?

A

stores bile

96
Q

what is glucose used for in digestion?

A

respiration

97
Q

what is the role of the stomach?

A

to mix food

98
Q

What would happen to a cell that stopped respiring?

A

Without the energy supply from respiration, the cell would die.

99
Q

What is a “double blind drugs trial” and why is it better if a drugs trial is carried out as a “double blind trial”?

A

The people in the trial are split into two groups. One group is given a placebo. The patients in the trial don’t know which they are given and nor do the doctors which avoids reporting bias.

100
Q

What passes along a neurone?

A

an electrical impulse

100
Q

Which TWO structures make up the central nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord

101
Q

Which TWO organs could be an effector?

A

skeletal muscle and gland

102
Q

Which pathogen are children routinely vaccinated against in the UK?

A

measles

103
Q

How does fungi reproduce inside our bodies?

A

They invade surface tissues of our bodies and grow by producing branched filaments called hyphae. They cause damage because they feed on our surface cells

104
Q

Some people who think they have had Covid-19 can have an antibody test. This a good way of finding out if a person has had the disease but it can only be done a few weeks after the person has recovered from their illness. Why can’t it be done when the person is ill?

A

The antibody level is lower when the person is first sick, so we want to wait for it to rise before testing

105
Q

What are the advantages of a drugs trial being carried out as a “double blind trial”?

A

The conclusions are valid because the data is unbiased

106
Q

Briefly describe the arrangement of xylem and phloem in the stem of a plant.

A

Organised in bundles, with xylem on the inside and phloem on the outside

107
Q

When the heart muscle contracts, which organs of the body is blood sent to from the right ventricle?

A

lungs

108
Q

Which part of the blood carries oxygen?

A

red blood cell

109
Q

Which part of the blood carries dissolved carbon dioxide?

A

plasma

110
Q

Which part of the blood causes clotting and scabbing when we are cut?

A

platelets

111
Q

Which part of the blood is responsible for destroying pathogens such as bacteria and viruses?

A

white blood cell

112
Q

Where in the lungs does gas exchange happen?

A

alveoli

113
Q

Where does air enter the ventilation system?

A

trachea

114
Q

Name the process of the transport of dissolved sugars in plants.

A

translocation

115
Q

Which part of the plant allows gases to diffuse in and out of leaves?

A

stomata

116
Q

Briefly explain an adaptation of spongy mesophyll tissue in plants.

A

Big air spaces and large surface area for efficient gas diffusion

117
Q

Why is it important for the lungs to have a rich blood supply?

A

Maintain steep concentration gradient for efficient diffusion

118
Q

Interleaving : State the functions of white blood cells.

A

Engulf pathogens, produce antibodies and antitoxins

119
Q

What is the double circulatory system?

A

One part carries blood between heart and lungs; the other carries blood between heart and other organs

120
Q

State a difference in the blood flowing in arteries and veins.

A

A: oxygenated, more nutrients, less wastes; V: deoxygenated, less nutrients, more wastes

Biology (6 decks)

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