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Biology > Biology CAT revision > Flashcards

Biology CAT revision Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the five kingdoms?(living organisms)

A

Bacteria, Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists

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2
Q

What are the necessary features of a living organism?

A

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

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3
Q

What structures are found in an animal cell?(rccnm)

A

Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria.

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4
Q

What controls what goes in and out of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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5
Q

What structure controls cell activity?

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

What gives the cell strength and structure?

A

Cell wall

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7
Q

Where do chemical reactions take place in prokaryotic cells?

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria

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9
Q

What structure synthesises proteins?

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

What does the chloroplast do?

A

It traps sunlight for photosynthesis and contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

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11
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane.

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12
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient from dilute to more concentrated.

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13
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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14
Q

What features are found in a plant cell?

A

everything in a animal cell plus cell wall, chloroplasts and large vacuole.

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15
Q

What is the function of large vacuole?

A

To store water and solutes and help keep the cell upright.

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

to support the cell

17
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell that has a certain structure to help it carry out a particular feature.

18
Q

What examples are there of specialised animal cells?

A

Sperm cells, nerve ,muscle cells

19
Q

What examples are there of specialised plant cells?

A

root hair cells, xylem cells, phloem cells

20
Q

What is cell differentiation?(sts)

A

When a stem cell develops to form a specialised cell.

21
Q

When does differentiation happen?(aept)

A

In animal cells it happens at an early stage but in plant cells it can happen throughout the life of the plant.

22
Q

Where can stem cells be found in an animal?(abmet)

A

adults: it can be found in bone marrow. Early stage embryo: throughout as they are made of them.

23
Q

Where can stem cells be found in a plant? (5)

A

Meristem tissue, near xylem and phloem and also in the root and shoot tips.

24
Q

Why do scientists think animal stem cells are so useful?(tdpd)

A

We can use them to treat diabetes and paralysis as well as use them for research into other disorders.

25
Q

What is therapeutic cloning? (ewsdap)

A

producing an embryo with the same DNA as the patient so that stem cells can be used for medical treatment and not reject the body.

26
Q

Why do scientists think plant stem cells are so useful?

A

Stem cells can be used to clone plants quickly and cheaply to save rare species from extinction.

27
Q

Why is an electron microscope better?

A

The resolution is better using a beam of electrons so you can get more clearer detailed images.

28
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Structures in the nucleus made of DNA.

29
Q

What are genes?

A

A small section of DNA which is a code for one whole protein.

30
Q

When does mitosis take place?

A

When a cell needs to divide to grown and repair an organism.

31
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion? (3)

A

Concentration gradient, temperature, surface area of the membrane

32
Q

What molecules move out of cells by diffusion?

A

Carbon dioxide and urea

33
Q

What are the features of efficient exchange surfaces?

A

Large surface area and thin membrane

34
Q

What mammal surfaces are efficient?

A

Small intestine and lungs

35
Q

Which plant surfaces are efficient?

A

roots and leaves

36
Q

Why is active transport needed?

A

When a cell needs molecules that it can’t get by diffusion it uses active transport.

37
Q

Plant example of active transport

A

allows mineral ions to be absorbed into root hair cells

38
Q

Animal example of active transport (gisiab)

A

Glucose molecules in the small intestine need to be absorbed into the blood

Biology (6 decks)

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