Biology CAT revision

Question 1

What are the five kingdoms?(living organisms)

Answer 1

Bacteria, Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists

Question 2

What are the necessary features of a living organism?

Answer 2

Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition

Question 3

What structures are found in an animal cell?(rccnm)

Answer 3

Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria.

Question 4

What controls what goes in and out of the cell?

Answer 4

Cell membrane

Question 5

What structure controls cell activity?

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

What gives the cell strength and structure?

Answer 6

Cell wall

Question 7

Where do chemical reactions take place in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 8

Mitochondria

Question 9

What structure synthesises proteins?

Answer 9

Ribosomes

Question 10

What does the chloroplast do?

Answer 10

It traps sunlight for photosynthesis and contains a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Question 11

What is osmosis?

Answer 11

the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 12

What is active transport?

Answer 12

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient from dilute to more concentrated.

Question 13

What is diffusion?

Answer 13

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 14

What features are found in a plant cell?

Answer 14

everything in a animal cell plus cell wall, chloroplasts and large vacuole.

Question 15

What is the function of large vacuole?

Answer 15

To store water and solutes and help keep the cell upright.

Question 16

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 16

to support the cell

Question 17

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 17

A cell that has a certain structure to help it carry out a particular feature.

Question 18

What examples are there of specialised animal cells?

Answer 18

Sperm cells, nerve ,muscle cells

Question 19

What examples are there of specialised plant cells?

Answer 19

root hair cells, xylem cells, phloem cells

Question 20

What is cell differentiation?(sts)

Answer 20

When a stem cell develops to form a specialised cell.

Question 21

When does differentiation happen?(aept)

Answer 21

In animal cells it happens at an early stage but in plant cells it can happen throughout the life of the plant.

Question 22

Where can stem cells be found in an animal?(abmet)

Answer 22

adults: it can be found in bone marrow. Early stage embryo: throughout as they are made of them.

Question 23

Where can stem cells be found in a plant? (5)

Answer 23

Meristem tissue, near xylem and phloem and also in the root and shoot tips.

Question 24

Why do scientists think animal stem cells are so useful?(tdpd)

Answer 24

We can use them to treat diabetes and paralysis as well as use them for research into other disorders.

Question 25

What is therapeutic cloning? (ewsdap)

Answer 25

producing an embryo with the same DNA as the patient so that stem cells can be used for medical treatment and not reject the body.

Question 26

Why do scientists think plant stem cells are so useful?

Answer 26

Stem cells can be used to clone plants quickly and cheaply to save rare species from extinction.

Question 27

Why is an electron microscope better?

Answer 27

The resolution is better using a beam of electrons so you can get more clearer detailed images.

Question 28

What are chromosomes?

Answer 28

Structures in the nucleus made of DNA.

Question 29

What are genes?

Answer 29

A small section of DNA which is a code for one whole protein.

Question 30

When does mitosis take place?

Answer 30

When a cell needs to divide to grown and repair an organism.

Question 31

What factors affect the rate of diffusion? (3)

Answer 31

Concentration gradient, temperature, surface area of the membrane

Question 32

What molecules move out of cells by diffusion?

Answer 32

Carbon dioxide and urea

Question 33

What are the features of efficient exchange surfaces?

Answer 33

Large surface area and thin membrane

Question 34

What mammal surfaces are efficient?

Answer 34

Small intestine and lungs

Question 35

Which plant surfaces are efficient?

Answer 35

roots and leaves

Question 36

Why is active transport needed?

Answer 36

When a cell needs molecules that it can't get by diffusion it uses active transport.

Question 37

Plant example of active transport

Answer 37

allows mineral ions to be absorbed into root hair cells

Question 38

Animal example of active transport (gisiab)

Answer 38

Glucose molecules in the small intestine need to be absorbed into the blood