Biology CAT 11/5/23

Question 1

What are large multicellular organisms made up of?

Answer 1

Organ Systems

Question 2

What are cells?

Answer 2

the smallest unit of a living organism

Question 3

What is differentiation?

Answer 3

The process by which cells become specialised for a particular job.

Question 4

When does differentiation occur?

Answer 4

during the development of a multicellular organism

Question 5

What is a tissue?

Answer 5

a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.

Question 6

What does Glandular tissue make?

Answer 6

enzymes and hormones

Question 7

What is a organ?

Answer 7

a group of different tissues that work together to carry out a certain function.

Question 8

What tissues is the stomach made out of and what is their role? (GEM)

Answer 8

muscular tissue: churns food, glandular tissue: makes digestive juices to digest food and Epithelial tissue: covers the inside and outside of the stomach

Question 9

What is an organ system?

Answer 9

a group of organs working together to perform a particular function.

Question 10

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 10

breaks down and absorbs the nutrients from food

Question 11

What is the function of the glands?

Answer 11

produce digestive juices

Question 12

What does the liver produce?

Answer 12

Bile

Question 13

Where is bile stored?

Answer 13

gallbladder

Question 14

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 14

absorb soluble food molecules

Question 15

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 15

absorb water and undigested food leaving faeces

Question 16

What is the order of the digestive system?

Answer 16

mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 17

What is a catalyst?

Answer 17

a substance that increases the speed of a reaction without getting changed

Question 18

What are proteins made of?

Answer 18

chains of amino acids

Question 19

What is the name of the uniquely shaped part of an enzyme?

Answer 19

Active site

Question 20

What is it called when an enzyme loses it’s special shape and can no longer work?

Answer 20

denatured

Question 21

What is the lock and key model/mechanism?

Answer 21

The substrate fits a particular active site like a key fits into a particular lock

Question 22

What conditions do enzymes need to work properly?

Answer 22

Right temperature: if it get’s too hot, the bonds holding the enzymes will break.
Right ph: if the ph is too high or low the bonds can break.

Question 23

What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

Answer 23

amylase, a carbohydrase

Question 24

Where is Amylase made? (3)

Answer 24

salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine

Question 25

What enzyme breaks down proteins into amino acids?

Answer 25

protease

Question 26

Where is protease made? (3)

Answer 26

stomach, pancreas, small intestine

Question 27

What does Lipase do?

Answer 27

Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 28

Where are lipids made? (2)

Answer 28

pancreas, small intestine

Question 29

What does bile do?

Answer 29

neutralises hydrochloric acid as it is alkaline

Question 30

What solution is used to test for sugars?

Answer 30

Benedicts solution

Question 31

What colour will benedicts solution change to if sugar is present? (traffic light)

Answer 31

blue to green, yellow or brick red depending on the amount of sugar

Question 32

What solution is used to test for starch?

Answer 32

Iodine

Question 33

What colour will iodine change to if starch is present?

Answer 33

browny orange to blue black

Question 34

What solution is used to test for proteins?

Answer 34

biuret solution

Question 35

What colour will biuret change if protein is present?

Answer 35

blue to purple