X2 L3&4 Flashcards
Future tense rule POSITIVE
“I Will go” eg
Rule: +”zo”
Ex: Ndizohamba
Future tense rule NEGATIVE
Eg “I will not read”
Rule: +zu
Eg: Andizufunda
How
Njani
Who
Bani
What
Ntoni
Where
Phi
When
Nini
Who taught you Xhosa?
Uyasifundiswa ngubani?
Where do you work?
Usebenza phi?
When are you going?
Uhamba nini?
Why (2 options)
Kutheni
Ngoba
Because
Kuba
Why are you learning Xhosa?
Kutheni ufunda isiXosa?
Because I like to speak Xhosa
Kuba ndithandi ukutheta isiXhosa
Because it is important to talk to people
Kuba kubhalulekile ukuthetha nabantu
People
Things
Places
…begin with…
Upeople
Ithings
Eplaces
Where are you coming from?
I am coming from….
Uvela phi?
Ndivela e….
Where do you originate from?
I originate from….
Usuka phi?
Ndisuka eSeattle.
Where do you live?
I live in….
Uhlala phi?
Ndihlala e…
Near by…
Ngase(place)
Whereabouts?
Ndawoni?
Are you employed?
Yes I work in…
Uyaphangela na?
Ewe, ndisebenza e…
What do you do?
I do/make…
Wenza ntoni (wenzani)? Ndenza i.....
When did you arrive?
Ufike nini?
When will you go home?
Uzogoduka nini?
When will you leave work?
Uzotshayisa nini?
What is the time? (Who…)
Ngubani ixesha
Go to
Ya
Exit
Phuma
Finish an action
Gqiba
Arrive
Fika
Originate from
Suka
Come from (immediately)
Vela
Today
Namhlanje
Yesterday
Izolo
In town
Edolophini
At work
Emsebenzini
In the township/location
Elokshini
In the rural villages
Ezilalini
A house
Indlu
Whenever/if
Xa
That’s all
Qha!
Tomorrow
Ngomso
At the place of…..
Kwa…
That
Ukuba
Only/just (3 options)
Qha
Khupela
Nje
2 words for broken
Phuka
Qawuka
First person possessives
Mine
Yours
His/hers
(Noun class determines first letter) + ..
Am
Akho
Akhe
Beautiful
Hle
Random thing is beautiful
Inhle
Person is beautiful
Umhle
Random things are beautiful (pl)
Zinhle
Your headband is pretty
Inhle iheadband yakho (can say in any order)
Happy (+rule)
Onwabile
Rule: When add the prefix, remove last vowel. Eg: Ndi+onwabile = Ndonwabile
RECENT PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE PREFIXES
“I had been…”
POSITIVE
Bendi (I was) Ubu (you were) Ebe (he/she was) Besi (we were) Beni (you all were) Bebe (they were) NOT exclusive to stative verbs
RECENT PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE PREFIXES
“I had not been….”
NEGATIVE
Bendinga (I was not or haven't been) Ubunga Ebenga Besinga Beninga Bebenga
I was not hungry
Bendilambanga
You weren’t married
Ubungatshatanga
He was not tired
Ebengadinwanga
We were not ready
Besingalunganga
You all were not busy
Beningaxakekanga
They were not scarce
Bebenganqabanga
Class was/wasn’t difficult yesterday
iclass izolo ibinzima iclass izolo ibingazimanga
It is hot
Kushushu
It’s cold
Kuyabanda
It’s cool
Kupholile
It wasn’t hot
Bekungashushwanga
How was your weekend
Ibinjani impelaveki yakho
How was it?
It was difficult.
Bekunjani?
Bekunzima
For RPCT negative, can + anga to end, or +i
Ex: sebenza
Ibingasebenzanga
OR
Ibingasebenz
For NORMAL verbs (not Statives) endings rules in RPCT Rule
Eg. Funda
Can choose to use past or present endings
+: Funda OR fundile (or funde if >1 word sentence)
-: funds OR fundanga
Who do you live with?
Uhlala nabani?
What do you want? (Not rude)
Ufuna ntoni?
Where is….
iphi iphoni
Where are the people?
Baphi abantu?
Where did you get that book?
Uthenge phi incwadi?
to buy
Thenga
Book
Ncwadi (incwadi)
To come back
Buya
When will you come back?
Uzobuya nini?
Why
Kutheni
Why are you happy today?
Kutheni wonwabile namhlanje?
How was your weekend?
Ibinjani impelaveki yahko?
By car
NgeMoto
What are you going to do this weekend?
Uzokwenza ntoni ngepelaveki?
With friends
Nabahlobo
With prefix
No….
You must
Funeka
I told her
Ndithethe naye
To tell
Xelela
