X-Ray Physics Review part 3

Question 1

Name the guy from 1913 who described the atom as a “mini solar system”

Answer 1

Niels Bohr

Question 2

Do all electrons in an atom have the same binding energy?

Answer 2

No. Electrons closer to the nucleus have higher bonding energies

Question 3

Are radio waves, TV, FM, visible light, ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma-rays all really forms of electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 3

Why yes, they are

Question 4

Does all electromagnetic radiation travel at the speed of light?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What is meant by wavelength?

Answer 5

It expresses a measurement of either crest to crest or valley to valley

Question 6

What is meany by frequency in electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 6

It is the number of wavelengths passing by a certain point per second.

Question 7

Hertz (Hz) = ____ cycle(s)/second

Answer 7

1 Hertz is 1 cycle per second

Question 8

As the frequency of electromagnetic radiation increased the energy ______.

Answer 8

increases. They are directly proportional

Question 9

Which shell is closest to the nucleus? (K-Shell, L-Shell, M-Shell, or N-Shell)

Answer 9

K-Shell

Question 10

This “a” word refers to the process of x-rays being stopped within the subject.

Answer 10

Absorption

Question 11

This “t” word refers to x-rays that pass through a subject without interacting.

Answer 11

Transmission

Question 12

What are the two processes that account for attenuation of the x-ray beam?

Answer 12

absorption and scatter

Question 13

Lead is used in protective garments because it _____ x-rays.

Answer 13

absorbes

Question 14

30% of the primary beam is absorbed and 10% is scattered. How much of the beam was attenuated?

Answer 14

40%

Question 15

What are the three possible outcomes when diagnostic x-rays enter a subject?

Answer 15

Transmission, scatter (classical or compton), or absorption

Question 16

What are two other names for “classical” scatter?

Answer 16

coherent or unmodified scattering

Question 17

Does ionization occur with Classical scatter?

Answer 17

No. The x-rays are too low energy to cause ionization. They just vibrate the atom which causes it to release a secondary photon.

Question 18

What is the relationship between the angle of the compton scatter and it’s energy?

Answer 18

The greater the angle, the lower the energy. 180 degrees has the lowest energy

Question 19

Which type of scatter (which is worse) that causes film fog and occupational exposure?

Answer 19

compton

Question 20

What is the scientific name for the process of ‘absorption’?

Answer 20

Photelectric absorption or “photoelectic effect”

Question 21

When the x-ray photon is absorbed in the photoelectric effect does it knock out an inner shell or outer shell electron from the subject atom?

Answer 21

Inner shell (when the photo knocks out an outer shell electron it produces compton scatter)

Question 22

What “p” effect is reponsible for the “white” on an x-ray image?

Answer 22

Photoelectric effect (absorption)

Question 23

For photoelectric effect to occur the incident photon needs to have _____ higher energy than the binding energy of that inner shell electron.

Answer 23

just slightly (the chance of photoelectric effect drops off as the incident photons energy becomes much higher than the electrons)

Question 24

At lower kVp there is ____ photoelectric effect and ____ compton scatter

Answer 24

More and Less

Question 25

At higher kVp there is ___ photoelectric effect and ____ compton scatter

Answer 25

less and more

Question 26

Photoelectric absorption is more likely to occur with ____. (lower atomic numbers, higher atomic numbers, very high energy photons).

Answer 26

higher atomic numbers

Question 27

The electron ejected during a Compton interaction is called the _____.

Answer 27

Recoil or compton electron