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CT boards > X-Ray Physics Review part 2 > Flashcards

X-Ray Physics Review part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autotransformer do?

A

It provides precise voltage to the filament and high voltage transformer

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2
Q

Give another name for the high voltage transformer

A

step-up transfomer

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3
Q

Between autotransformers and high-voltage transformers which has a fixed turns ratio and which is adjustable

A

The autotransformer is adjustable and the high voltage is fixed (usuall 1000:1)

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4
Q

What does the rectifier do?

A

It converts AC to DC because the xray tube can only operate on DC current

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5
Q

Is the filament transformer high voltage or low voltage

A

low voltage

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6
Q

What is the relationship between current (amperage) and voltage (v)?

A

they are inversely proportional. If current is increased, voltage will be decreased.

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7
Q

What type of generator is commonly used in Xray equiptment today?

A

High Frequency

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8
Q

Is the negative side of the x-ray tube the anode or the cathode?

A

The cathode is the negative side

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9
Q

What part of the x-ray tube are the filaments and focusing cup located?

A

The cathode

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10
Q

What are the filaments made of that are inside of the focusing cup of an x-ray tube?

A

Thoriated Tungsten

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11
Q

What changes in the x-ray tube when you select large focal spot vs small focal spot?

A

The large vs small thoriated tungsten filaments

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12
Q

Is the positive side of the x-ray tube the anode or the cathode?

A

The anode is the positive side of the x-ray tube

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13
Q

What is the target for the electrons produced by the cathode?

A

The anode.

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14
Q

Is there actually oil in the x-ray tube?

A

Yes! dielectric oil is used as an insulator in the x-ray tube. It prevents sparking and is a thermal insulator

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15
Q

What x-ray tube component produces thermionic emission when heated?

A

The filament

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16
Q

What is it called when additional electrons cannot be emitted from the filament because too many electrons have already collected around the filament?

A

The Space Charge Effect

17
Q

The greater the mA the (more or less) electrons form the cloud?

A

more

18
Q

When the electrons strike the anode they either produce nothing but heat or produce x-rays. What is the probability of each?

A

99% heat - 1% x-rays

19
Q

What are the two main mechanisms for x-ray production in the x-ray tube?

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiation (interactions) and Characteristic Radiation (interactions)

20
Q

What common term is Bremsstrahlung radiation known as?

A

“breaking” radiation

21
Q

Why is bremsstrahlung radiation called “breaking” radiation?

A

because x-rays are given off when the electron slows or “breaks” as it bends around the nucleus

22
Q

Between bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation (interactions) which is responsible for the majority of the x-rays produced in the x-ray tube?

A

Bremsstrahlung

23
Q

Which type of x-ray production involves the ejecting of an electron on the target material?

A

Characteristic radiation

24
Q

Which type of x-ray production involves the projectile electron bending around the nucleus of the target atom but not actually ejecting a target electron?

A

Bremsstrahlung Radiatioin

25
Q

True or False - Characteristic radiation is only possible when the incident electron has more energy than the binding energy of the inner shell electron?

A

True

26
Q

True or False - In characteristic radiation the x-rays are only actually produced when the outer shell electron fill an inner shell vacancy?

A

True

27
Q

What is the primary technical factor set by the technologist that is responsible for the penetrating power or the QUALITY of the x-ray beam?

A

kVp

28
Q

What is the 15% rule with reference to kVp and mAs?

A

That increasing the kVp by 15% is roughly equivalent to doubling the mAs when it comes to density

29
Q

Does increasing mAs increase the number of x-rays produced or the quality of x-rays produced?

A

increasing mAs increases the number or quantity of x-rays produced

30
Q

Does tube filtration remove low energy photons or high energy photons?

A

filtration removes the useless low-energy x-ray photons. This is known as beam hardening

31
Q

Does CT use a lot of tube filtration or a little?

A

CT uses a lot of tube filtration because of the high energies needed

32
Q

What is the benefit of reducing low energy photons by increasing filtration in an x-ray tube?

A

Increased filtration will remove low energy photons and thus reduce patient dose

33
Q

Which generator will produce a spectrum with the highest average energy? (high frequency, 3 phase 12 pulse, 3 phase 6 pulse, or single phase)

A

High frequency

CT boards (20 decks)

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