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PRE > X - Ray (photon) Interactions > Flashcards

X - Ray (photon) Interactions Flashcards

1
Q

When a beam passes through matter, it undergoes a process called ____

A

Attenuation

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2
Q

The x ray photon interacts with matter and ___ energy through these interactions

A

Loses energy

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3
Q

ATTENUATION
photons can interact with:

A

Whole atom
Orbital electron
Directly with the nucleus

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4
Q

In diagnostic imaging, interactions occur mostly with the ____

A

Orbital electrons

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5
Q

The ___ shell electrons possesses the highest binding energy

A

K she’ll

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6
Q

___ shell electrons are more tightly bound to the nucleus in high atomic number elements

A

K shell

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7
Q

It takes a ____ energy photon to remove a k shell electron from tungsten than calcium but ___ energy to remove a k shell electron from fat or muscle

A

Higher energy

Less energy

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8
Q

Electrons ____ from the nucleus are NOT bound as tightly, they require ___ energy to remove them from their orbit

A

Farther, LESS energy

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9
Q

The ___ an electron is from the nucleus, the more energy it needs to remain in orbit

A

Farther

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10
Q

5 basic interactions between X-ray and matter

A

Photoelectric absorption
Coherent scattering
Compton scattering
Paid production
Photo disintegration

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11
Q

An incident photon possessing slightly greater energy than binding energy ejects a k shell electron and the incident photon gets totally absorbed.

What am I?

A

Photoelectric absorption

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12
Q

_________: Results in an ionized atom (+) and photoelectron (-) with kinetic energy equal to the difference between the incident photon energy and the binding energy of the inner shell

A

Photoelectric absorption

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13
Q

The electron transfer from an outer shell release energy in the form of a characteristic photon known as ___

A

Secondary radiation

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14
Q

Characteristic radiation that was produced at the target is called ____

A

Primary radiation

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15
Q

The incident ______ must be greater than the binding energy of the inner shell electron

A

X-ray photon energy

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16
Q

A ___ kev X-ray photon will not be able to remove the k shell electron from an atom of midline, which has a binding energy of 33.2 keV

A

30

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17
Q

The possibility of ____ is more likely to occur when x ray photon energy and electron binding energy are close in energy to one another

A

Photoelectric interaction

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18
Q

The possibility of _____ is more likely to occur with an electron that is more tightly bound in its orbit; high atomic number

A

Photoelectric interaction

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19
Q

In high atomic number elements, photoelectric interactions occur in ___ , ___ and ___ shells
(Unlike characteristic interactions in target, only k)

A

K L and M

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20
Q

As we ____ our kvp we are ____ the possibility of photoelectric absorption because we are increasing the beam energy to a point that may be greater than the binding energies of the atoms within the subject

A

INCREASE, DECREASING

21
Q

If the atomic number of the object we are x raying is higher (bone vs soft tissue) there is a ____ chance that the photon will undergo a photoelectric interaction

A

Greater
(Direction relationship)

22
Q

Incident photons interact with a loosely bound outer shell electron, part of the energy is used to remove the electron from the shell

What am I?

A

Compton scatter

23
Q

Dislodged electron called the Compton or ______ electron

A

Recoil

24
Q

Remaining photon energy exits the atom in a different direction called ____

A

Scatter photon

25
Q

Scatter photon possesses ___ energy than the incident

A

Less

** lower frequency and longer wavelength than the incident photon **

26
Q

_____ retains most of the original energy because little energy is. Refer to remove an outer shell electron

A

Incident photon

27
Q

______ photon will continue to interact with other atoms until it is eventually absorbed photoelectrically

A

Scattered

28
Q

_____ electron or Compton electron is available as a free electron to fill a shell Hole created by another ionizing interaction

A

Recoil

29
Q

Compton scatter:
Incident photon energy = sum of the energy of the scattered photon + binding energy of the shell + energy of recoil electron

A
30
Q

The amount of energy retained by scattered photons is dependent on the _____

A

Initial energy of the photon

31
Q

The ___ the incident energy, the greater the energy of the scattered photon

A

Higher

32
Q

____ deflection angle means that photon retained most of its original energy

A

Small

33
Q

____ deflection angle means that the photon gave up most of its original energy

A

Large

34
Q

When a scattered photon is deflected back 180 degrees it is called ____

A

Backscatter radiation

35
Q

____ radiation is the primary cause of occupational radiation exposure

A

Scatter

36
Q

Scatter adds unwanted exposure to the image called ____

A

Radiation fog

37
Q

A device called a ___ is used to remove unwanted scatter

A

Grid

38
Q

Compton scatter does NOT depend on atomic number like photoelectric interactions

True or false?

A

True

39
Q

More matter, ____ scatter

A

More

40
Q

Occurs between very low energy X-ray photons and matter

AKA classical, unmodified and electric

What am I?

A

COHERENT scattering

41
Q

List 2 types of coherent scattering

A

Thompson
Rayleigh

42
Q

What is Thompson scattering?

A

Involves single electron

43
Q

What is Thompson scattering?

A

Involves single electron

44
Q

What is Rayleigh scattering

A

Involves ALL the electrons of the atom

45
Q

What is Rayleigh scattering

A

Involves ALL the electrons of the atom

46
Q

A photon with energy less than ___ kev interacts with atom causing the electrons to vibrate at the same frequency as the incident photons

(Coherent scattering)

A

10

47
Q

(Coherent scattering)
The excited aroma immediately ___ the energy by producing a secondary photon with the ___ energy, frequency and wavelength as incident photon but traveled in different directions

A

Releases, same

48
Q

Results in a scatter photon only
No ionization
Outside the useful range of diagnostic imaging
A small amount reaches the IR

What is this?

A

Coherent scattering

49
Q

Reaction between an extremely high energy photon (>10 mev) and the nucleus

High energy photon strikes the nucleus and all energy is ABSORBED

What am I?

A

Photo disintegration

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