Patient Beam Emitter

Question 1

What is attenuation

Answer 1

The reduction in the total number of x ray photons remaining in the beam after passing through a given thickness of material

Question 2

Quantity and quality of the x ray beam must be increased due to differences in:

Answer 2

Atomic number
Tissue thickness
Tissue density

Question 3

Bone attenuates a ___ percentage of the beam than fat or muscle

Answer 3

Greater

Question 4

Bone ___ more photons due to higher atomic number

Answer 4

Absorbs

Question 5

Bone ___ more because of densely packed atoms and more available electrons

Answer 5

Scatters

Question 6

Airs atomic number:

Answer 6

7.78

Question 7

Fats atomic number:

Answer 7

6.46

Question 8

Waters atomic number:

Answer 8

7.51

Question 9

Muscles atomic number:

Answer 9

7.64

Question 10

Bones atomic number:

Answer 10

12.31

Question 11

List the order of air, fat, water, muscle and bone from greater atomic number to least

Answer 11

Bone
Air
Muscle
Water
Fat

Question 12

Air lacks density, shows up dark and doesn’t absorb more than scatter. It’s not densely packed.

True or false?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The higher the atomic number the more it __

Answer 13

Absorbs

Question 14

Bone absorbs ___ and scatters ____

Answer 14

More, less

Question 15

Fat scatters ___ and absorbs ____

Answer 15

More, less

Question 16

Atomic # Greater than fat and muscle but has less density so it absorbs fewer photons. What am I?

Answer 16

Air

Question 17

Atomic number of ___ slightly less than muscle.

Answer 17

Fat

Question 18

Atomic number slightly higher than fat. What am I?

Answer 18

Muscle

Question 19

Greater tissue density than fat. Greater attenuator of the x ray beam. What am I?

Answer 19

Muscle

Question 20

Highest atomic number due to calcium. Greatest tissue density. Greatest absorption. What am I?

Answer 20

Bone

Question 21

More matter more ___

Answer 21

Scatter

Question 22

Greater difference in absorption = ___ subject contrast

Answer 22

High

Question 23

High contrast = seeing just bone
Low contrast = seeing air, fat and water

True or false?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The ability of an imaging system to differentiate between two near-by objects is ____

Answer 24

Spatial resolution

Question 25

A disease that causes the affected body tissue to increase in thickness, effective atomic number, and/or tissue density is an ____ condition

Answer 25

Additive condition

Question 26

For additive conditions you ___ kvp by ____

Answer 26

Increase kvp 5-15%

Question 27

A disease that causes the affected body tissue to decrease in thickness, effective atomic number, and/or tissue density is a ___ condition

Answer 27

Destructive

Question 28

Destructive conditions ___ mAs by ___

Answer 28

Decrease mAs by 25-50%

Question 29

Additive ___ attenuation

Answer 29

Increases

Question 30

Examples of additive conditions :

Answer 30

Abscess Edema Tumor

Question 31

Covid infection Additive or destructive

Answer 31

Additive

Question 32

Atelectasis: a partial collapse of the lung results in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue. This causes the lung tissue density to increase. Additive or destructive

Answer 32

Additive

Question 33

Cardiomegaly: an enlargement of the heart causes an increase in thickness of the part. Additive or destructive?

Answer 33

Additive

Question 34

Congestive heart failure: when the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished. This results in backward failure or increased venous congestion in the lungs. Lung tissue density is increased and the heart is enlarged. Additive or destructive

Answer 34

Additive

Question 35

Pleural effusion: when the pleural cavity fills with either blood or serous fluid. It displaces normal lung tissue. This results in increased tissue density within the thoracic cavity Additive or destructive

Answer 35

Additive

Question 36

Aortic aneurysm: a large dilatation of the aorta will result in increased thickness of the affected part. Additive or destructive

Answer 36

Additive

Question 37

Calcified stones: stones are most commonly found throughout the abdomen in such organs as the gallbladder and the kidney. Calcium may be deposited which causes an increase in the effective atomic number of the tissue. Additive or destructive

Answer 37

Additive

Question 38

Chronic osteomyelitis: a chronic bone infection results in new bone growth at the infected site. Additive or destructive

Answer 38

Additive

Question 39

Paget’s disease: an increase occurs in bone cell activity, which leads to new bone growth. The result is increased bone thickness with the pelvis spine and skill most often affected. Additive or destructive

Answer 39

Additive

Question 40

Sclerosis: an increase in hardening as a result of a chronic inflammation in bone. This increases the density of the bone tissue. Additive or destructive

Answer 40

Additive

Question 41

Destructive conditions ____ attenuation

Answer 41

Decrease

Question 42

Examples of destructive conditions :

Answer 42

Anorexia nervosa Atrophy Emaciation

Question 43

Emphysema: the over distention of the lung tissues by air will result in a decrease in lung tissue density Additive or destructive

Answer 43

Destructive

Question 44

Pneumothorax: free air in the pleural cavity displaces normal lung tissue and results in decreased density within the thoracic cavity Additive or destructive

Answer 44

Destructive

Question 45

Bowel obstruction: an obstruction in the bowel results in abnormal accumulation of air and fluid. If a large amount of air is trapped in the bowel the overall density of the tissues is decreased. Additive or destructive

Answer 45

Destructive

Question 46

Carcinoma: malignancies in bone can cause an osteolytic process resulting in decreased thickness and composition of the part. Additive or destructive

Answer 46

Destructive

Question 47

Degenerative arthritis: inflammation of the joints results in a destruction of adjoining bone tissue. Which decreases the composition of the part. Additive or destructive

Answer 47

Destructive.

Question 48

Gout: during the chronic stages of metabolic disease, areas of bone destruction result in punched out lesions that reduce bone composition Additive or destructive

Answer 48

Destructive

Question 49

Hyperparathyroidism: over secretion of the parathyroid hormone causes calcium to leave bone and enter the bloodstream. The bone becomes demineralized and composition is decreased Additive or destructive

Answer 49

Destructive

Question 50

Multiple myeloma: the malignant tumor arises from plasma cells of bone marrow and causes punched out osteolytic areas on the bone. Often many sites are affected and reduced done tissue composition results. Additive or destructive

Answer 50

Destructive

Question 51

Osteoporosis: a defect in bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix results in decreased composition of the affected bone. Additive or destructive

Answer 51

Destructive