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PRE > Patient Beam Emitter > Flashcards

Patient Beam Emitter Flashcards

1
Q

What is attenuation

A

The reduction in the total number of x ray photons remaining in the beam after passing through a given thickness of material

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2
Q

Quantity and quality of the x ray beam must be increased due to differences in:

A

Atomic number
Tissue thickness
Tissue density

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3
Q

Bone attenuates a ___ percentage of the beam than fat or muscle

A

Greater

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4
Q

Bone ___ more photons due to higher atomic number

A

Absorbs

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5
Q

Bone ___ more because of densely packed atoms and more available electrons

A

Scatters

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6
Q

Airs atomic number:

A

7.78

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7
Q

Fats atomic number:

A

6.46

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8
Q

Waters atomic number:

A

7.51

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9
Q

Muscles atomic number:

A

7.64

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10
Q

Bones atomic number:

A

12.31

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11
Q

List the order of air, fat, water, muscle and bone from greater atomic number to least

A

Bone
Air
Muscle
Water
Fat

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12
Q

Air lacks density, shows up dark and doesn’t absorb more than scatter. It’s not densely packed.

True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

The higher the atomic number the more it __

A

Absorbs

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14
Q

Bone absorbs ___ and scatters ____

A

More, less

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15
Q

Fat scatters ___ and absorbs ____

A

More, less

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16
Q

Atomic # Greater than fat and muscle but has less density so it absorbs fewer photons. What am I?

A

Air

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17
Q

Atomic number of ___ slightly less than muscle.

A

Fat

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18
Q

Atomic number slightly higher than fat. What am I?

A

Muscle

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19
Q

Greater tissue density than fat. Greater attenuator of the x ray beam. What am I?

A

Muscle

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20
Q

Highest atomic number due to calcium. Greatest tissue density. Greatest absorption. What am I?

A

Bone

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21
Q

More matter more ___

A

Scatter

22
Q

Greater difference in absorption = ___ subject contrast

A

High

23
Q

High contrast = seeing just bone
Low contrast = seeing air, fat and water

True or false?

A

True

24
Q

The ability of an imaging system to differentiate between two near-by objects is ____

A

Spatial resolution

25
Q

A disease that causes the affected body tissue to increase in thickness, effective atomic number, and/or tissue density is an ____ condition

A

Additive condition

26
Q

For additive conditions you ___ kvp by ____

A

Increase kvp 5-15%

27
Q

A disease that causes the affected body tissue to decrease in thickness, effective atomic number, and/or tissue density is a ___ condition

A

Destructive

28
Q

Destructive conditions ___ mAs by ___

A

Decrease mAs by 25-50%

29
Q

Additive ___ attenuation

A

Increases

30
Q

Examples of additive conditions :

A

Abscess
Edema
Tumor

31
Q

Covid infection

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

32
Q

Atelectasis: a partial collapse of the lung results in airlessness of all or part of the lung tissue. This causes the lung tissue density to increase.

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

33
Q

Cardiomegaly: an enlargement of the heart causes an increase in thickness of the part.

Additive or destructive?

A

Additive

34
Q

Congestive heart failure: when the heart is in failure, the cardiac output is diminished. This results in backward failure or increased venous congestion in the lungs. Lung tissue density is increased and the heart is enlarged.

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

35
Q

Pleural effusion: when the pleural cavity fills with either blood or serous fluid. It displaces normal lung tissue. This results in increased tissue density within the thoracic cavity

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

36
Q

Aortic aneurysm: a large dilatation of the aorta will result in increased thickness of the affected part.

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

37
Q

Calcified stones: stones are most commonly found throughout the abdomen in such organs as the gallbladder and the kidney. Calcium may be deposited which causes an increase in the effective atomic number of the tissue.

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

38
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis: a chronic bone infection results in new bone growth at the infected site.

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

39
Q

Paget’s disease: an increase occurs in bone cell activity, which leads to new bone growth. The result is increased bone thickness with the pelvis spine and skill most often affected.

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

40
Q

Sclerosis: an increase in hardening as a result of a chronic inflammation in bone. This increases the density of the bone tissue.

Additive or destructive

A

Additive

41
Q

Destructive conditions ____ attenuation

A

Decrease

42
Q

Examples of destructive conditions :

A

Anorexia nervosa
Atrophy
Emaciation

43
Q

Emphysema: the over distention of the lung tissues by air will result in a decrease in lung tissue density

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

44
Q

Pneumothorax: free air in the pleural cavity displaces normal lung tissue and results in decreased density within the thoracic cavity

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

45
Q

Bowel obstruction: an obstruction in the bowel results in abnormal accumulation of air and fluid. If a large amount of air is trapped in the bowel the overall density of the tissues is decreased.

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

46
Q

Carcinoma: malignancies in bone can cause an osteolytic process resulting in decreased thickness and composition of the part.

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

47
Q

Degenerative arthritis: inflammation of the joints results in a destruction of adjoining bone tissue. Which decreases the composition of the part.

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive.

48
Q

Gout: during the chronic stages of metabolic disease, areas of bone destruction result in punched out lesions that reduce bone composition

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

49
Q

Hyperparathyroidism: over secretion of the parathyroid hormone causes calcium to leave bone and enter the bloodstream. The bone becomes demineralized and composition is decreased

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

50
Q

Multiple myeloma: the malignant tumor arises from plasma cells of bone marrow and causes punched out osteolytic areas on the bone. Often many sites are affected and reduced done tissue composition results.

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

51
Q

Osteoporosis: a defect in bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix results in decreased composition of the affected bone.

Additive or destructive

A

Destructive

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