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PRE > Basic Radiation Protection > Flashcards

Basic Radiation Protection Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

Sound waves are NOT EMR (electromagnetic radiation)

A

True

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2
Q

List 4 types of EMR

A
  1. X-rays and gamma rays
  2. Ultraviolet
  3. Visible light
  4. Infrared
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3
Q

Define Radiation

A

Transfer of energy

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4
Q

Define exposed (irradiated)

A

Matter that intercepts radiation, absorbs some/all of it

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5
Q

Define ionization or ionizing radiation

A

Removal of an electron from an atom

+atom
-electron
___________
= ion pair

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6
Q

List the forms of EMR that can ionize matter (there’s 3)

A
  1. X-rays
  2. Gamma rays
  3. High energy UV (UVC)
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7
Q

List 2 main categories of ionizing radiation

A
  1. Natural/environmental
  2. Man-made
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8
Q

List 4 NATURAL radiations

A

Cosmic
Terrestrial
Internally deposited
Radon

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9
Q

Define cosmic radiation (natural)

A

EMR emitted from sun and stars

Intensity increases with altitude and latitude

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10
Q

Define terrestrial radiation (natural)

A

Comes from the earth.
Deposits uranium, thorium, and other radionuclides

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11
Q

What is the LARGEST source of natural radiation?

A

Radon

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12
Q

Describe internally deposited radionuclides (natural radiation)

A

Incorporated through ingestion, inhalation, injection and implants

Main source is potassium 40

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13
Q

Gas produced by decay of uranium. What am I?

A

Radon

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14
Q

List types of man-made radiation:

A
  1. Diagnostic x-ray
  2. Smoke detectors
  3. Nuclear power generators
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15
Q

What year was X-ray discovered?

A

1895

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16
Q

Who discovered X-ray?

A

Roentgen

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17
Q

Discuss the reports of early radiation. List symptoms:

A

Skin damage
Anemia
Loss of hair

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18
Q

Define filter and filtration:

A

A filter is a device that removes low energy X-ray photons that have NO diagnostic value

Filtration is the actual process

19
Q

Define collimation and collimator:

A

-Radiation safety device.
-Underneath the X-ray tube that shows where the radiation is being directed.
-Set of lead shutters

20
Q

Less time, more distance, shielding is considered what?

A

Cardinal principles of radiation protection control

21
Q

What does ALARA stand for?

A

As low as reasonably achievable

22
Q

Describe the cardinal principles of radiation protection:

A

Less time spent near source (less radiation)
Greater distance from source
Always shield from source

23
Q

Briefly describe ISO exposure lines

A

** time distance shielding **
mGya (Air kerma)

24
Q

List several ways of reducing unnecessary patient dose:

A

Unnecessary examinations
Emergency room CT
Mass screening for TB
Hospital admission chest x-ray

25
Q

At what point in pregnancy is it the most sensitive to radiation exposure?

A

2-10 weeks

26
Q

The severity of the potential response of an unborn baby to radiation is ____ and ____ related.

A

time and dose

27
Q

How can we reduce the chances of exposing a pregnant patient?

A

Elective booking (patient choice)
Patient questionnaire (28 day rule)
Posting signs (are you pregnant..)

28
Q

What is the average patient radiation dose of today per year?

A

3.2 mSv PER YEAR

29
Q

List the current estimated levels of human radiation:

A

Natural: 3mSv
Medical Imaging: 3.2 mSv
Other: .1 mSv

Total = 6.3 mSv

30
Q

What is the annual dose for occupational exposure

A

50 mSv

31
Q

What is the annual dose for education and training exposure?

A

1mSv

32
Q

What is the total dose for embryo-fetus exposure?

A

5 mSv

33
Q

What is the equivalent dose for tissues and organs?
Lens of the eye :
Thyroid skin hands and feet:

A

Lens of the eye 150 mSv
Thyroid skin hands and feet 500 mSv

34
Q

How do we reduce occupational radiation?

A

Minimize X-ray beam on time
Maximize distance
Maximize shielding

35
Q

95% of occupational exposure comes from:

A

Mobile and fluoro

36
Q

What does KERMA stand for:

A

Kinetic energy released per unit of mass of air

37
Q

Kerma = Roentgen
What is the SI unit?

A

mGya or Gya (SI unit)

38
Q

What does Kerma Measure?

A

Radiation intensity in the air

39
Q

After Kerma comes ___

A

RAD : Radiation absorbed dose

40
Q

What is RAD (radiation absorbed dose) and its SI unit?

A

SI unit is mGyt (T stands for tissue) or Gyt

Measures how much radiation is in the tissue

41
Q

KERMA —> RAD —> ____

A

REM or (SV - Sievert)

42
Q

What is REM and what is the SI unit

A

REM is radiation equivalent man (SV is SI unit)

Measuring what happens in the body

Or

Quantity of radiation received

43
Q

What is Becquerel ?

A

SI unit - Bq
- quantity of radioactive material, not radiation emitted.
- Has nothing to do with X-ray

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