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1st Year Med School (Random) > Wymore Diuretics > Flashcards

Wymore Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazide action

A

Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in DCT

Increase Ca++ reabsorption?

Sulfonamide

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2
Q

Thiazide drug names

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

Chlorthalidone

Indapamide

Metolazone

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3
Q

Thiazide clinical uses

A

Hypertension: best diuretic

Edema: HF and KD

Nephrolithiasis: reduces urinary Ca++

Nephrogenic DI: Induce Na+/volume loss???

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4
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide

Adverse: Hypokalemia, gout

12 hour oral

Sulfonamide

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5
Q

Indapamide

A

Thiazide

Adverse: Class D for pregnancy

once a day

Sulfonamide

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6
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide

Adverse: hypokalemia

Every 1-2 days

Sulfonamide

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7
Q

Metolazone

A

Thiazide

Once a day

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8
Q

Loop diuretic information

A

Most efficacious diuretic

Less chronic effect on reducing blood pressure

Induce renal prostaglandin synthesis (protective)

most sulfonamides

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9
Q

Loop diuretic drug names

A

Bumetanide

Furosemide

Torsemide

Ethacrynic acid - rare

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10
Q

Loop diuretic Clinical uses

A

Edema: HF and KD

Hypertension: minimal

Hyperkalemia: increase K+ in urine

Acute renal failure: increase urine flow rate and K+ excretion

Anion OD: prevent bromide, fluoride, iodide reabsorption

Hypercalcemia: Ca++ diuresis

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11
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretic

Adverse: Ototoxic (IV), hypersensitivity rxns

5hr oral
1hr IV

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12
Q

Ethacrynic acid

A

Loop diuretic (not sulfonamide)

Adverse: MOST ototoxic (IV),
7hr oral
2hr IV

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13
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic

Adverse: Hypersensitivity, ototoxic(IV)

7hr oral
2hr IV

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14
Q

Torsemide

A

Loop diuretic

Adverse: Hypersensitivity, Ototoxic (IV)

7hr oral
7hr IV

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15
Q

Potassium-Sparring Diuretics information

A

Sprinolactone - competitive antagonist to aldosterone receptor

Triamterene and Amiloride - inhibit sodium flux channel

Work in CD

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16
Q

Potassium-Sparring Diuretics Clinical uses

A

Hypokalemia

Heart failure: spironolactone

Hyperaldosteronism

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17
Q

Potassium-Sparring Diuretics Adverse effects

A

Hyperkalemia

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Gynecomastia - Spironolactone (tumorigenic)

Kidney stones - Triamterene

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18
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium-Sparring Diuretic

Adverse: Hyperkalemia

Once a day

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19
Q

Spironolactone

A

Potassium-Sparring Diuretic

Adverse: gynecomastia, tumorigenic, ED, hyperkalemia

Tx: Heart failure

1-2 days

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20
Q

Triamterene

A

Potassium-Sparring Diuretic

Adverse: Kidney stones, Hyperkalemia

Once a day

21
Q

Osmotic diuretics

A

Draw water into the plasma from interstitial & cellular sites

No change in ionic balance

Mannitol & Glycerol

22
Q

Osmotic Diuretic clinical uses

A

Increase urine volume: Mannitol

Reduction of Intracranial pressure: Mannitol (15mins)

Reduction of intraocular pressure: Glycerol, Mannitol

Decrease TBW greater than total cation. Reduces intracellular volume

23
Q

Osmotic Diuretic adverse effects

A

Heart Failure

N/V

Pulmonary congestion

Edema

24
Q

Glycerol

A

Osmotic diuretic

Tx: intraocular pressure (glaucoma)

Adverse: HF, N/V, Pulmonary congestion, edema

1hr oral

25
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic

Tx: Intracranial pressure, Intraocular pressure

Adverse: HF, N/V, Pulmonary congestion, edema

7hr IV

26
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

In PT block Na+ bicarb reabsorption -> Na+ bicarb diuresis

Significant loss of bicarb may result in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Mild, short-term diuretics

27
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors clinical uses

A

Glaucoma: (acetazolamide oral/IV & dorzolamide topical) Decrease rate of aqueous humor formation

Acute Mountain sickness: (acetazolamide) Decrease formation of CSF and lowers pH. Counteract respiratory alkalosis. prophylaxis. Severe with cerebral edema - Acetazolamide + dexamethasone, evacuate

28
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic Anydrase Inhibitor

Acute Mountain sickness: Decrease formation of CSF and lowers pH. Counteract respiratory alkalosis. prophylaxis. Severe with cerebral edema - Acetazolamide + dexamethasone, evacuate

Adverse: No IM due to alkalinic pain, Contraindicated with Liver disease, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia

10hr oral

29
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Carbonic Anydrase Inhibitor

Glaucoma

8hr Topical

eye stuff

30
Q

Thiazide

Urinary Excretion of Electrolytes

A

Calcium -

Potassium ++

31
Q

Loop Diuretic

Urinary Excretion of Electrolytes

A

Calcium ++

Potassium ++

32
Q

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

Urinary Excretion of Electrolytes

A

Calcium -

Potassium -

33
Q

Osmotic Diuretic

Urinary Excretion of Electrolytes

A

Calcium +

HCO3 +

Potassium +

34
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Urinary Excretion of Electrolytes

A

Calcium 0 to +

HCO3 +++

35
Q

Management of Cerebral edema

A

Osmotic diuretics +

36
Q

Management of Congestive heart failure

A

Loop ++

Thiazide +

Potassium-sparing +

37
Q

Management of Diabetes insipidus

A

Thiazide ++

Amiloride for lithium induced toxicity ++ (potassium-spar)

38
Q

Management of Epilepsy (convulsions)

A

Acetazolamide +

CA(i)

39
Q

Management of Glaucoma

A

CAi ++

Osmotic diuretics +

40
Q

Management of High Altitude sickness

A

CAi ++

41
Q

Management of Hyperaldosteronism

A

Potassium-sparring diuretics

42
Q

Management of Hypercalcemia

A

Loop ++

43
Q

Management of Hypertension

A

Thiazide ++

Loop +

Potassium-sparing +

44
Q

Management of Hypokalemia

A

Potassium-sparring ++

45
Q

Management of Nephrolithiasis

A

Thiazide ++

46
Q

Management of Nephrotic Syndrome

A

Loop ++

Thiazide +

Potassium-sparring +

47
Q

Management of Pulmonary edema

A

Loop ++

Thiazide +

Potassium-sparring +

48
Q

Management of Renal Impairment

A

Loop ++

Thiazide +

Osmotic Diuretics +

1st Year Med School (Random) (20 decks)

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