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American Government and Modern History > WWII Test > Flashcards

WWII Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the factors leading up to WWII?

A
  1. Treaty of Versailles
  2. Great Depression
  3. Isolationism
  4. Totalitarians
  5. Militarism
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2
Q

How did Stalin rule?

A

He ruled with an iron fist

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3
Q

What is the Purges?

A

It is when Stalin removes enemies and undesirable individuals from power through execution of imprisonment

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4
Q

What is Fascism?

A

The system of government for Italy

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5
Q

Who did Italy invade in 1935?

A

Ethiopia

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6
Q

What happened to Ethiopia?

A

Italy invaded this African country in 1935

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7
Q

What does Mussolini want control of?

A

The Mediterranean

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8
Q

Who is Adolf Hitler?

A

He was the dictator of Germany. He wanted to be a painter and fought in WWI

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9
Q

What is Hitler upset about after WWI?

A
  1. They stripped Germany of colonies & land
  2. Huge debt/ they had to pay for the war
  3. Germany had to take the blame for the war
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10
Q

What party was brought up in 1919 that Hitler joined?

A

Nazi Party

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11
Q

What is Mein Kampf?

A

Hitler’s book that translates to “My Struggle”

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12
Q

What does Hitler talk about in his book?

A
  1. How he will come to power legally
  2. Wants war to the east
  3. The Holocaust
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13
Q

How does Hitler come to power?

A

Hitler runs for president, but he gets 2nd and becomes the Chancellor/2nd in Command. When the president dies, he becomes president. There was a fire and Hitler asks for complete control to find who did it and Reichstag gave it to him.

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14
Q

What does Der Fuhrer translate to?

A

The leader

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15
Q

What is the Third Reich?

A

The German period of success

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16
Q

What does Hitler do to pull Germany out of the Depression?

A

He puts people to work with autobahns, government buildings, and rearming

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17
Q

What is the buffer territory between France & Germany that Hitler militarized in Czechoslovakia?

A

The Rhineland

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18
Q

What does Lebensraum translate to?

A

Living space

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19
Q

How did Austria & Germany unite?

A

Austria had an election and 97% voted in favor of it because they saw how quick Germany pulled themselves out of the Great Depression.

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20
Q

How did Hitler break the Annexation of Sudetenland?

A

Germany invaded the no violent zone because they needed more living space

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21
Q

What happened at the Munich Conference?

A

They tried to appease Hitler by giving him Sudetonland

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22
Q

What did Neville Chamberlain say after the Munich Conference?

A

There is peace in our time

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23
Q

What is the pact between Germany and the Soviet Union?

A

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

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24
Q

Who is apart of the Axis powers?

A

Germany, Italy, and Japan

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25
Q

Who is apart of the Allies powers?

A

United States, British, Soviet Union, and China

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26
Q

How was Poland invaded?

A

The Soviets attached from the north and Germany attacked from the south

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27
Q

What is Blitzkrieg?

A

Lightning warfare

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28
Q

What is lightning warfare?

A

Blitzkrieg

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29
Q

What is the Phony War?

A

The six month period where no fighting occurred between France, Great Britain & Germany

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30
Q

How did Germany trick France & Great Britain?

A

Germany fainted to the North and came through the Ardens Forest. While the fight in the north pushed the French back to Dunkirk, the forces that went through the Ardens Forest cut them off from the other side. Which caused the French to be trapped in Dunkirk

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31
Q

What is the Miracle at Dunkirk?

A

It is where 340,000 of British and French forces slip across the English Channel to fight another day

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32
Q

How was the Battle for Britain fought and who won?

A

The entire battle was fought in the sky, British won

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33
Q

What was Germany’s initial objective in the Battle for Britain?

A

They needed air supremacy

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34
Q

What is the Blitz?

A

The period of terror bombing

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35
Q

Who is Winston Churchill?

A

The Prime Minister of Great Britain

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36
Q

Why was democracy removed in Japan?

A

Many blamed the democratic government for the Great Depression that caused high unemployment, strikes,etc.

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37
Q

What is the Manchurian Incident?

A

A Japanese owned rail line leading from Korea into Manchurian was attacked. The Japanese used it as justification to take Manchurian. Evidence shows that Japan was behind the attack

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38
Q

What happened when the Japanese invaded China?

A

The Chinese fought hard, but the Japanese had superior fire power

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39
Q

What is the event where the Japanese brutally killed over 300,000 Chinese civilians?

A

The Rape of NanJing

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40
Q

While Europe is distracted by war, what does Japan do to European colonies?

A

Japan seizes European colonies

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41
Q

Why is it important for Japan to have control of the European colonies?

A

Japan wants resorces

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42
Q

What is the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

A

Liberate Asia of European colonizers

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43
Q

Why does the U.S. remain isolated?

A

The U.S. remain isolated to focus on the Great Depression. Nothing less than an attack will bring the U.S. into the war

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44
Q

Who are the presidents of the U.S. during the war?

A

FDR, and Truman

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45
Q

What are the Neutrality Acts?

A

It is a way for the U.S. to remain neutral. No loans & weapons

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46
Q

What is Cash & Carry?

A

Any side can get weapons from the U.S. they just need to pay cash and carry them out on their own. They replaced the Neutrality Acts

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47
Q

What is the Lend-Lease Act?

A

The Britains are almost broke, so the U.S. came up with the Lend-Lease Acts. We lend them the weapons and they pay us back later. “Lend you neighbor a hose if his house is on fire.”

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48
Q

What was the Japanese’s plan at Pearl Harbor?

A

They intend to cripple the U.S. Navy. While the U.S. rebuilds, Japan would expand. This would deter America from fighting a long bloody battle

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49
Q

Where did the Japanese surprise attack occur against the U.S.?

A

Pearl Harbor

50
Q

What was not at Pearl Harbor when the attacks occurred?

A

U.S. carriers

51
Q

“A date that which will live in Infamy”

A

They next day Congress declared war. On December 11, Germany & Italy declare war on U.S.

52
Q

What was the Selective Training & Service Act?

A

The first peacetime draft

53
Q

What was the role of the War Production Board?

A

It was used to convert peacetime industries to war time industries. Companies, like Ford, GM, and Chrysler would make tanks instead of cars

54
Q

What is the U.S. shortage like?

A

The U.S. had a shortage of goods, but one thing they weren’t low of was extra cash

55
Q

What is Rationing and give an example of what they rationed?

A

The intentional limitations to everyday comsumption. An example is food

56
Q

What are Victory Gardens?

A

They were gardens that citizens used to grow vegetables, so they could use the resources for the war

57
Q

Who is Rosie the Riveter?

A

She encouraged women to join the work force

58
Q

The Battle of the Atlantic

A

It occurs for the entirety of the war.

59
Q

The North African Campaign

A

In 1940 the Brits were battling the Italians in North Africa. Erwin Rommel, the general sent by Hitler, pushes back G.B. in several battles toward the Suez Canal. Bernard Montgomery, the general for G.B., eventually gains the upper hand in the east while the Americans gain the upper hand in the west. Rommel will eventually be trapped and will surrender his forces.

60
Q

What happened at the Casablanca Conference?

A

FDR & Churchill met at Casablanca to map out a strategy for the war. They decided to focus on Europe first and decided that the Axis powers has to do unconditional surrender if they lose.

61
Q

The Invasion of Italy

A

Churchill wanted to attack Italy first because he sees it as the “soft underbelly” of Europe. He thought they would be the easiest to attack and that they would go quickly.

62
Q

Explain the Invasion of Anzio

A

The Invasion at Anzio was an attempt to break the Stalemate and take Rome, but it failed.

63
Q

Why did Germany invade Russia?

A

Hitler needed resources/living space

64
Q

What is Scorch & Burn?

A

Overwhelmed & untrained, the Soviets retreat. As they retreat, they destroy anything of value

65
Q

What is the turning point in the war?

A

Battle of Stalingrad

66
Q

Allied Invasion of France

A

Allied forces are trying to gain air superiority by carpet bombing strategic targets and cities. After having control of the skies, an invasion can begin

67
Q

What is the name of the operation of D-Day?

A

Operation Overlord

68
Q

Where was D-Day launched from?

A

Great Britain

69
Q

Who was the supreme commander of Operation Overlord?

A

Dwight Eisenhower

70
Q

Where did Operation Overlord take place?

A

Normandy

71
Q

When is D-Day?

A

June 6, 1944

72
Q

Explain D-Day

A

Invasion crafts left England with Brits, Americans, and Canadians on it. They came in three waves. At dawn the first wave of landing crafts hit Normandy. It was the largest amphibious assault in history. D-Day was a success and from here France will be liberated.

73
Q

Who went first on D-Day?

A

Paratroopers

74
Q

What is the Battle of the Bulge?

A

Hitler’s last offensive

75
Q

Who gets to Berlin first?

A

The Soviets

76
Q

What happened to Hitler?

A

He committed suicide

77
Q

What happened at the Yalta Convention?

A

FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met in Yalta. They decided to split Germany into four and the major allies, Great Britain, America, France, and Soviet Union, each get a zone. They also decide to split Berlin into four.

78
Q

Besides Pearl Harbor, where else does Japan attack?

A

Philippines, Guam, and Wake Islands

79
Q

Who was the general in charge at the Philippines?

A

MacArthur

80
Q

What did MacArthur say when he was ordered to Australia?

A

I shall return

81
Q

What is the Bataan Death March?

A

The 60 mile grueling march under terrible conditions that lasted for 6-12 days

82
Q

What is the Doolittle Raid

A

The symbolic attack on Tokyo with little strategic value. It was to show them that we can hit them

83
Q

What is the Battle of Coral Sea?

A

The battle where both sides never see each other because the entire battle was fought in the sky. It was considered a tie, since both sides sank one aircraft carrier.

84
Q

What is the Battle of Midway?

A

This battle is the turning point in the pacific. We ambushed the ambushers

85
Q

What is the Battle of Guadalcanal?

A

An island was attacked to get the island for Japanese control and to protect Austria

86
Q

What is the strategy of selecting specific islands to attack and bypassing others?

A

Island Hopping

87
Q

Does MacArthur ever return to the Philippines?

A

Yes

88
Q

What does MacArthus say when he returns?

A

People of the Philippines, I have returned

89
Q

What is the Battle of Leyte Gulf?

A

The last major defensive in the pacific theater of Japan. It is also the largest navel battle in history.

90
Q

What are Kamikazes?

A

Suicide pilots

91
Q

Where did we raise the flag? (Be specific, what mountain)

A

Iwo Jima on Mt. Surabachi

92
Q

What was the name of the nuclear bomb project?

A

Manhattan Project

93
Q

What is the name of the first bomb test in New Mexico?

A

Trinity Test

94
Q

Who was the lead scientists on the Manhattan Project?

A

Oppenheimer

95
Q

What are the options to end the war?

A
  1. Invade Japan with millions of casualties expected
  2. Blockade and starve Japan
  3. Demonstrate the Atomic Bomb
  4. Soften allied demands of unconditional surrender
96
Q

What were Turman’s feelings on using the Atomic Bomb?

A

Truman had no difficulty using it and told people who disagreed with it “you should do your weeping at Pearl Harbor”

97
Q

Describe Little Boy

A

The Enola Gay dropped it on Hiroshima

98
Q

What are the names of the atomic bombs?

A

Little Boy and Fat Man

99
Q

Describe Fat Man

A

It was dropped on Nagasaki three days after Little Boy

100
Q

Why did they drop the bombs on the places they were dropped on?

A

They wanted to use the bombs on places that hadn’t been hit yet so they could see which one caused more damage

101
Q

What is the name of the ship that Japan formally surrendered on?

A

USS Missouri

102
Q

How many lives were lost in WWII?

A

72 million

103
Q

Why did Hitler want to kill the Jews?

A
  1. Blamed them for the death of Jesus
  2. Blamed them for the loss of WWI
  3. They sold out Germany at Versails
104
Q

Why is there a need for a scapegoat?

A

The Depression and to gain national pride

105
Q

What is Anti-Semitism?

A

Hostility towards Jews

106
Q

What expresses Hitler’s Aryan Superiority?

A

Mein Kampf

107
Q

How many Jews will die?

A

6 million

108
Q

How were Jews discriminated against?

A
  1. Jews lost citizenship

2. They were put in Ghettos

109
Q

Death or Labor Camps

A

They shipped Jews off to camps. They put them in trains like cattle and sent off. Those who weren’t strong enough were sent to death camps

110
Q

What is Genocide?

A

Deliberate destruction of a group of people

111
Q

What was the preferred method of execution

A

Gas Chambers

112
Q

What are U-Boats?

A

Submarines that the Germans used to distribute trade.

113
Q

What are wolf pacts?

A

A pact of u-boats

114
Q

What are convoys?

A

A group of ships that are accompanied by armed troops or warships for protection.

115
Q

What started WWII?

A

The invasion of Poland

116
Q

What is the name of the France fortification that is along the German border?

A

Maginot Line

117
Q

What was Operation Sea Lion?

A

Germany’s plan to attack England

118
Q

What was Germany’s plan to conquer G.B?

A

Strategically bomb, then destroy the ships, then invade

119
Q

What caused the Blitz?

A

There was an accidental bombing of London, so the Britain retaliated by bombing Berlin. The Germans were angry and embarrassed, so they started terror bombing.

120
Q

What is the Nuremberg Trials?

A

They Nazi trials, their defense was that they were only following orders

121
Q

What is the Liberation?

A

The freeing of the Jews from Concentration Camps

122
Q

What are the defenses that Britain had that gave them the upper hand?

A
  1. Radar/Sonar
  2. Light aircraft carriers
  3. Intelligence

American Government and Modern History (18 decks)

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