Unit 1 Flashcards
List and describe the four essential features of the state
- Population
- Territory
- Sovereignty
- Government
List and describe the four purposes of the government
- Maintain social order - Resolving conflict and it keeps us civilized
- Providing public services - Promote public safety
- Providing national security - Protect us from terrorist and other countries
- Making economic decisions - Pass laws to control economy
What provides us with a peaceful way to compete with one another to influence our government?
Politics
What is the effort to control or influence the conduct or policies of government?
Politics
What is the rule book for the government?
The Constitution
What is the purpose of the Constitution?
- Bounds the people to ideals that we believe in and share
- Establish structures of our government
- Defines the governments powers & duties
- Provides the supreme law of the land
What is a government ruled by one?
Autocracy
What is a government ruled by few?
Oligarchy
What is a government ruled by many people?
Democracy
What are the two forms of Autocracy?
- Dictatorship
2. Monarchy
How does a dictator come into power?
By force
How does a monarchy come into power?
Bloodline
What are the two forms of democracy and describe them?
- Direct - Everyone votes on everything
2. Representative - People vote for representatives to vote for them
List and describe the four characteristics of Democracy
- Individual liberty - No one is absolutely free
- Majority rule with minority rights - Decisions based on majority
- Free elections - Free and open to everyone, all votes carry the same weight, secret ballot
- Competing political parties - Political parties, offers choices
What is good soil needed?
- A favorable economy
- Widespread education
- A social consensus
What is the study of human efforts to satisfy the unlimited wants through the use of limited resources?
Economics
What are the three decisions of economic systems?
- What and how much should be produced
- How goods and services should be produced
- Who gets the goods and services produced
What is capitalism?
free enterprise, freedom of choice, and individual incentives
List and describe the five characteristics of capitalism
- Private ownership - People can own and control their possessions as they wish
- Free enterprise - An economic system that enables competition with minimal government interference
- Competition - Drives producers to offer better quality goods/services at a lower price
- Freedom of choice - People have the right to choose to do anything they want
- Possibility of profits - People have the possibility of financial growth
What kind of economy does the US have?
Mixed economy
What is a mixed economy
It is when the government plays a role by buying goods and services, regulating to protect people, and develop programs and jobs
What is it when the government controls it all?
Socialism
What are the three goals of socialism?
- Distribution of wealth and economic opportunities equally
- Society and production is controlled by government
- public ownership of most land, factories, etc.
What is communism?
- There is only one class (Rich,middle,poor)
- Property is owned by all
- There is no need for a government
What kind of economy is found in communistic economies?
Command economy
What does capitalism offer that communism doesn’t?
Competition
Name the two major government ideas that were took from the British Parliament
- Representative government
2. Limited government
What were two writings that took place due to limited government?
- Manga Carta
2. English Bill of Rights
What did the Magna Carta protect?
Protected against unjust punishment and the loss of life, liberty, and property. Written in 1215
What is stated in the English bill of rights?
- Rulers don’t have divine rule
- Monarchs must have Parliament’s consent and they can’t interfere with Parliament
- Fair and speedy trial by peers
- No cruel and unusual punishments
What is a representative government?
People elect delegates
What are the two chambers of Parliament?
- House of Lords
2. House of Commons
Describe the government in colonies
Each colony had it’s own government that consisted of a government, legislature, and court system. Their government is different from government today because of inequality and 9 of the 13 colonies had established religions
What are examples of established practices?
A written constitution, colonial legislature, and separation of power
What are the relations between American Colonies and Britain?
Colonies were seen as resources to empire
What are the two major events that hurt the relations of the American Colonies and Britain?
- No need for protection
2. George III trying to regain control
What was the effect of American’s resentment?
There were protests and boycotts, an example being the Boston Tea Party. The Britain’s responded with the Intolerable Acts.
What is the 1st & 2nd Continental Congress
- Beginning to unify and embargo. General meetings of colonies, debated relations with Britain
- Established central government, organized and army & navy, George Washington leads
What is the name of the man who wrote “Common Sense?”
Thomas Paine
Who is the author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What is the purpose of the Dec. of In.?
Was to justify the revolution and set our principles
List the four parts of the Declaration
- Intro
- Preamble
- Middle Section
- Conclusion
What does the intro state in the DoI?
We want to separate from the British Empire
What are the two parts of the preamble?
- All men are created equal under law; all men have god given rights
- It is our duty to over through a bad government and create a good one
What does the middle section list in the DoI?
It has a list of grievances justifying separation
What does the conclusion stat in the DoI?
People solutions failed, no other choice. America’s sovereignty
What are factors of independent States?
- Each colony would become its own country with no higher authority
- They have their own constitution and bill of rights
- They are self governed and have a limited government
