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IB History > WWI (Effects + Battles + Characterizations) > Flashcards

WWI (Effects + Battles + Characterizations) Flashcards

1
Q

What happened on November 11 of 1918?

A

The armistice ending WWI was signed

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2
Q

What did Germany want a peace treaty on the basis of after they surrendered?

A

Wilson’s 14 points

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3
Q

Who were the victors of WWI?

A

Britain, France, USA, Italy

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4
Q

Who were defeated in WWI?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey

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5
Q

What did the Allies meet to discuss in 1919?

A

Paris peace settlements

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6
Q

What were the 6 ideological shifts as a result of WWI?

A
  1. New independent states
  2. Democratization
  3. Evolution of foreign policy to negotiation
  4. changing superpower states
  5. changin ideologies and nature of peace
  6. workers become more significant
  7. women become more significany
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7
Q

Which empires collpased after WWI (shift 1)

A

Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

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8
Q

What were some of the new successor states that emerged after the paris peace settlement?

A

Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Yugoslavia

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9
Q

What was destroyed as new successor states emerged?

A

traditional balance of power

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10
Q

What did WWI bring a collapse and rise to?

A

collapse of imperial monarchy, rise of republicanism

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11
Q

What idea regarding traditional government elites was shattered after WWI? (shift 2)

A

that they knew best

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12
Q

In 1920, why was the League of Nations set up? (shift 3)

A

to reform international relations

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13
Q

What was the establishment of the League of Nations a part of? (shift 3)

A

the paris peace settlements and Wilson’s vision for an ethical system of diplomacy

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14
Q

What was to be replaced with the establishment of the League of Nations? (shift 3)

A

ideas that war was a vaid means of foreign policy

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15
Q

How much did WWI cost?

A

estimated 34 million pounds

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16
Q

How did the Powers pay for the war?

A

with loans, mostly from USA

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17
Q

What was the economic situation in Germany in the 1920s due to the war?

A

bad: inflation destroyed the currency and the savings of many middle-class Germans

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18
Q

Why did the USA emerge as world superpower after WWI?

A

many other European Powers were indebted to the US

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19
Q

What were the reactions of the USA emerging as the new superpower from the US and Britain?

A

US didn’t want to be superpower of world (isolationism), GB didn’t want to give it up

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20
Q

How many soldiers died in WWI? (shift 5)

A

9 million

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21
Q

How many civilians died in WWI? (shift 5)

A

12 million (21 million wounded)

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22
Q

How many citizens died from disease and from the flu epidemic? (shift 5)

A

5 mil from disease, 20 mil from flu

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23
Q

Whose positions were improved after the war? (shift 6)

A

trade unions and workers governments dependent on industry

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24
Q

What did trade unions want after WWI? (shift 6)

A

more social and political power, more money for social insurance benefits for unemployed workers and families

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25
Q

What was the goal for the Schlieffen plan?

A

to quickly defeat and occupy France by going through neutral Belgium using pincer movement before facing Russia, avoid war on 2 fronts

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26
Q

What were the advantages of the Schlieffen plan?

A

secret attack, head start, could avoid 2-front war, less damage, Russia slow to mobalize

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27
Q

What went wrong with the Schleiffen plan that was unexpected?

A

Russia mobalized faster than expected

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28
Q

What were the 3 ideas the Schlieffen plan was based off of?

A
  1. if there was a war, Germany would have to fight France and Russia
  2. France was weak
  3. Russia was strong but slow (6 weeks to mobalize estamated)
29
Q

What assupmtions were made for the Schlieffen plan?

A

Russia would be slow to mobalize, France could be defeated in this time, British would stay out

30
Q

Why was Britain obliged to help Belgium if an invasion were to occur?

A

because they signed Treaty of 1839

31
Q

Why did the Schleiffen plan fail?

A

Timeline didn’t work out, Belgium resistance, British expeditionary force, Germany didn’t have enough men

32
Q

What year was the Miracle at the Marne?

A

1914

33
Q

What was involved in the Miracle at the Marne?

A

unable to save Belgium, Allies retreated to Marne River in France where German advance is halted, Allied victory

34
Q

What was involved in Trench Warfare and the Race to the Sea?

A

two parallel systems of trenches crossed France from Belgium to Switzerland

35
Q

When did the war transition from mobile to static?

A

with trench warfare

36
Q

How did strategy change with trench warfare and the race to the sea?

A

transitioned from outmaneuvering to weak point strategy

37
Q

What was involved with the First Battle of Ypres?

A

culmination of Race to the Sea, indecisive Allied victory

38
Q

What year was the First Battle of Ypres?

A

1914

39
Q

What did the First Battle of Ypres come to represent?

A

transition of war to stalemate

40
Q

What year did Turkey Join the Fray?

A

1914

41
Q

What did Turkey do after allying with Germany, leading to Russia declaring war and the Entente declaring war on the Ottoman Empire?

A

Turkey joined central powers and bombed Russian parts of the Black Sea

42
Q

What did German officials propose in 1915 regarding U-boats?

A

unrestricted sub warfare

43
Q

Why did Germany want unrestricted sub warfare?

A

they wanted to scare off trade with Britain by sinking neutral merchant ships

44
Q

When did Germany announce commerce war against nations trading with Britain?

A

Feb 18, 1915

45
Q

What battle distinguished Canadians as determined fighting force?

A

Second Battle of Ypres, 1915

46
Q

When was the first large-scale poison gas attack?

A

1915, Second Battle of Ypres

47
Q

When was Gallipoli?

A

Feb., 1915-Jan., 1916

48
Q

Which battle resulted in Churchill’s demotion where he was forced to resign, and was a failure for the Allies?

A

Gallipoli

49
Q

What was the goal for Gallipoli for the British government?

A

to open a second front at Gallipoli, Turkey

50
Q

What was the Gallipoli campaign also known as?

A

the Dardanelles campagin

51
Q

What kind of battle was Gallipoli?

A

naval

52
Q

Why did both sides want to control the Dardanelles?

A

it was the only waterway between the Black Sea in the east and the Mediterranean Sea in the West

53
Q

Why did Britsh want control of the Dardanelles?

A

to secure a direct line to Russian navy in the Black Sea

54
Q

What did the British think would persuade neutral states to join them (Greece, Bulgaria, Romania)?

A

victory against Turkey (Gallipoli)

55
Q

When was the Lusitania sunk?

A

May 7, 1915

56
Q

What stopped sub warfare?

A

the sinking of the Lusitania

57
Q

What was the biggest Britain attack of 1915?

A

Battle of Loos

58
Q

What was the first for the British in the Battle of Loos?

A

First use of poison gas, first mass engagement of New Army units

59
Q

Who won the Battle of Loos?

A

the Germans

60
Q

What battle was the human record for killing and destruction?

A

Verdun

61
Q

What quote is associated with Verdun?

A

“We shall bleed them white with our superior guns”

62
Q

What was Jutland the battle between?

A

Britain’s Royal Navy Grand Fleet and Imperial German Navy’s High Seas Fleet

63
Q

Who won Jutland?

A

both sides claim victory

64
Q

What was the goal of the Battle of the Somme?

A

British wanted to take heat off French in Verdun and press Germans to save Eastern Front from collapse

65
Q

When was the first tank usage?

A

during Battle of the Somme

66
Q

What was the most deadly battle?

A

Battle of the Somme

67
Q

What was the greatest Russian Victory of WWI?

A

the Brusilov Offensive

68
Q

What did the Brusilov Offensive accomplish?

A

diverted Central Powers froces from Western Front and persuaded Romania to join the war which diverted more Central Powers to the East

IB History (10 decks)

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