Mussolini's Emergence (quiz 7)

Question 1

What happened to Giacomo Matteotti, may 30, 1924?

Answer 1

he spoke out in parliament saying Fascists committed fraud in elections, was killed 11 days later

Question 2

What did laws passed from 1925-1931 create a legal basis for?

Answer 2

Italy’s transformation into a single party state

Question 3

What did Mussolini establish in 1926 which dissolved opposing parties and independent unions?

Answer 3

press censorship

Question 4

What was the fascist corporation “corporate state”?

Answer 4

a system of organizing economic, political, labour/production groups under common governing jurisdictions to promote coordinated development

Question 5

What did controlling churches allow Mussolini to do?

Answer 5

control the citizens

Question 6

What accords were negotiated in 1929?

Answer 6

Lateran Accords

Question 7

What did the Lateran Accords help to do?

Answer 7

settle dispute over the catholic church’s role

Question 8

What did Mussolini and the catholic church agree to do which was the first in history?

Answer 8

to respect each other’s roles in Italy

Question 9

What were the three terms of the Lateran Accords?

Answer 9

1. papacy granted temporal sovereignty over Vatican City
2. papacy guaranteed free exercise of catholicism as sole state religion and had to agree to stay out of politics
3. papacy accepted Italian sovereignty over former papal states

Question 10

What did Mussolini use to encourage party membership for the fascists?

Answer 10

propaganda and fear

Question 11

What did Mussolini’s propaganda encourage?

Answer 11

large families, physical fitness, education of fascist ideas

Question 12

What was Mussolini’s goal?

Answer 12

restore Italy to glory days of Rome

Question 13

What was Mussolini’s aim for Italy’s economy?

Answer 13

he wanted it improved so that foreign imput is not necessary

Question 14

What is the word for economic independence?

Answer 14

autarky

Question 15

What was the reason for the Battle for Grain?

Answer 15

increase grain production

Question 16

What did farmers recieve during Battle for Grain?

Answer 16

grants on tractors and fertilizers and advice on modern farming techniques

Question 17

What was the goal of the corporate state?

Answer 17

transform economy and avoid labour disputes

Question 18

What was work to be done for under corporate state?

Answer 18

the common good

Question 19

What were banned under corporate state?

Answer 19

unions and strikes

Question 20

How were problems supposed to be solved under corporate state?

Answer 20

through negotiations

Question 21

Who was really in control in determining the outcomes of problems under corporate state?

Answer 21

the fascists

Question 22

How was the Battle for Grain a success?

Answer 22

from 1925-1935, grain imports were rescued by 75%, which improved Mussolini’s popularity as he took credit

Question 23

How was the Battle for Land a success?

Answer 23

in 1926, farm land was increased

Question 24

What was the Battle for Lira about?

Answer 24

revaluing and restoring the value of the Lira abroad and to prevent domestic price increases

Question 25

What was the success for corporate state?

Answer 25

by 1934, 22 corporations covered most of Italy’s economy which influenced the entire economy

Question 26

What were the failures of the Battle for Grain?

Answer 26

wheat production increased at cost as other areas of production decreased as did exports, it failed to address the North-South divide and rural poverty int he south

Question 27

How was corporate state a failure?

Answer 27

dominated by fascists, workers’ interests weren’t considered, industrialists could ignore corporations, corporations did not solve conflicts between capia and labout rather suppressing them

Question 28

What was the corporate state mainly good for?

Answer 28

making Mussolini look good

Question 29

What did Mussolini encourage his cult of personality to stress?

Answer 29

his genius, power and indespensibility as leader

Question 30

How did Mussolini consolidate his position?

Answer 30

through relations with the church, industries, and armed forces

Question 31

How were radios used by Mussolini?

Answer 31

they were everywhere so everyone could hear his speeches

Question 32

What was Mussolini also known as?

Answer 32

Il Duce

Question 33

What did Mussolini’s cult of personality present him as?

Answer 33

Italy’s savior, chosen by destiny to save country from socialism

Question 34

What did propanganda make people believe?

Answer 34

that there was now room for opposition, that fascism was the only choice

Question 35

How did Mussolini seem thanks to his propaganda?

Answer 35

a dictator who produced stability at home and a success abroad

Question 36

When was it that Mussolini was argued to be popular?

Answer 36

from 1929-1936

Question 37

What were the failures of propaganda?

Answer 37

many different views, its argued that fear was what deterred opposition rather than volume of propaganda, invasion of Greece and intrucive policies and anti-semitic laws led to a decrease in popularity

Question 38

How was anti-semitism a unifying factor?

Answer 38

it established power

Question 39

How many Jews lived in Italy in the 1930s?

Answer 39

50k

Question 40

What did Mussolini’s anti-semitic laws exclude Jews from?

Answer 40

serving in the government or military or teaching and excluded immigration of foreign Jews into Italy