Mussolini's Emergence (quiz 7) Flashcards
What happened to Giacomo Matteotti, may 30, 1924?
he spoke out in parliament saying Fascists committed fraud in elections, was killed 11 days later
What did laws passed from 1925-1931 create a legal basis for?
Italy’s transformation into a single party state
What did Mussolini establish in 1926 which dissolved opposing parties and independent unions?
press censorship
What was the fascist corporation “corporate state”?
a system of organizing economic, political, labour/production groups under common governing jurisdictions to promote coordinated development
What did controlling churches allow Mussolini to do?
control the citizens
What accords were negotiated in 1929?
Lateran Accords
What did the Lateran Accords help to do?
settle dispute over the catholic church’s role
What did Mussolini and the catholic church agree to do which was the first in history?
to respect each other’s roles in Italy
What were the three terms of the Lateran Accords?
- papacy granted temporal sovereignty over Vatican City
- papacy guaranteed free exercise of catholicism as sole state religion and had to agree to stay out of politics
- papacy accepted Italian sovereignty over former papal states
What did Mussolini use to encourage party membership for the fascists?
propaganda and fear
What did Mussolini’s propaganda encourage?
large families, physical fitness, education of fascist ideas
What was Mussolini’s goal?
restore Italy to glory days of Rome
What was Mussolini’s aim for Italy’s economy?
he wanted it improved so that foreign imput is not necessary
What is the word for economic independence?
autarky
What was the reason for the Battle for Grain?
increase grain production
What did farmers recieve during Battle for Grain?
grants on tractors and fertilizers and advice on modern farming techniques
What was the goal of the corporate state?
transform economy and avoid labour disputes
What was work to be done for under corporate state?
the common good
What were banned under corporate state?
unions and strikes
How were problems supposed to be solved under corporate state?
through negotiations
Who was really in control in determining the outcomes of problems under corporate state?
the fascists
How was the Battle for Grain a success?
from 1925-1935, grain imports were rescued by 75%, which improved Mussolini’s popularity as he took credit
How was the Battle for Land a success?
in 1926, farm land was increased
What was the Battle for Lira about?
revaluing and restoring the value of the Lira abroad and to prevent domestic price increases
What was the success for corporate state?
by 1934, 22 corporations covered most of Italy’s economy which influenced the entire economy
What were the failures of the Battle for Grain?
wheat production increased at cost as other areas of production decreased as did exports, it failed to address the North-South divide and rural poverty int he south
How was corporate state a failure?
dominated by fascists, workers’ interests weren’t considered, industrialists could ignore corporations, corporations did not solve conflicts between capia and labout rather suppressing them
What was the corporate state mainly good for?
making Mussolini look good
What did Mussolini encourage his cult of personality to stress?
his genius, power and indespensibility as leader
How did Mussolini consolidate his position?
through relations with the church, industries, and armed forces
How were radios used by Mussolini?
they were everywhere so everyone could hear his speeches
What was Mussolini also known as?
Il Duce
What did Mussolini’s cult of personality present him as?
Italy’s savior, chosen by destiny to save country from socialism
What did propanganda make people believe?
that there was now room for opposition, that fascism was the only choice
How did Mussolini seem thanks to his propaganda?
a dictator who produced stability at home and a success abroad
When was it that Mussolini was argued to be popular?
from 1929-1936
What were the failures of propaganda?
many different views, its argued that fear was what deterred opposition rather than volume of propaganda, invasion of Greece and intrucive policies and anti-semitic laws led to a decrease in popularity
How was anti-semitism a unifying factor?
it established power
How many Jews lived in Italy in the 1930s?
50k
What did Mussolini’s anti-semitic laws exclude Jews from?
serving in the government or military or teaching and excluded immigration of foreign Jews into Italy
