ww1 medicine Flashcards
what were all trenches linked by
communication trenches
what were reserve trenches
where troops would be stationed
whar was the support trench
where troops would retreat
where where the trenches like
muddy + over crowded
what were the 7 main injuries/illnesses
gas attacks, head injuries, shell shock, trench fever, trench foot, bullets and exploseive shells + shrapnel
what did gas attacks cause
coughing blindness burns
what was shell shock
when people would have a mental breakdown
what was trench fever
flu like caused by lice
what causes trench foot
standing in water
why was wound infection a problem
the soil contained bacteria
what was the FANY
volunteers who would drive ambulances and clean
what were the transport problems
bad terrain- only stretchers could be uses
many roads + railways were destroyed
costant firing made recovery difficult
initaly there werent enought embulances but a public appeal paid for 512
what was the underground hospital at arras
underneath the town in tonnes, had water + electricty 700 beds , operating theatre
where was the regimental aid post
close to the front line
what was the field ambulace
set up dressing stations
what were the casualty clearing stations
big and well equipped building away from the front line
where were base hospitals
near the costs and ports
what where x-rays like when first discovered
patient had to keep still for a long time
high radiation- patients burnt and lost hair
machins couldnt be moved
what were blood transfusions like when first discovered
in 17 century doctors carried out blood transfusions animal to human and people rarely survived
first human to human transfusion was in 1818-1829 and half survived
blood couldnt be stored
1901- discoverd 2 blood groups
what was aseptic surgery like when first discoverd
everything was cleaned
things were steralised
they wore masks
1828- koch discoverd steam sterilliser
wore gloves
what was the carrel dakin method of steralising and when was it founded
1917- sterilised solution mothed through the body in tubes
what did they do in surgery is carrel dakin method didnt work
remove infected tissue
what would they do in surgery if they couldnt remove infected tissue
amputate
what was the problem with blood transfusions in 1915
1915 blood couldnt be stored
what did richard lewisohn discover in 1915 about blood
adding soidum citrate to blood stopped it clotting which meant blood could be stored
who discovered that blood could be refridgerated to be stored for longer
richard weil
what did fracis rous + james turner do in 1916 about blood transfusions
they discovered that adding citrate glucose could store blood for even longer
when was the first blood bank
1917- battle of cambrei
give information about the thomas splint
reduced death rate from broken limbs from 80% ro 20% because it kept the leg straight which reduced blood loss
what were some advances in surgery
brain injuries lead to new surgical techniques and improves success rate
improvements in plastic surgery
how did mobile x ray units improve
more and more mobile units where made
mobile images werent as clear as static machines but still prevented many deaths
