elizabeth page 20-end Flashcards
what were the reasons for religious rivalry between England and Spain
Phillip II backed by the pope saw Protestantism as a threat. English protestants saw Spain and Catholicism as a threat. Phillip II of Spain became involved in Catholic threats against Elizabeth
when was the council of troubles (council of blood)
1568
what was Spain’s campaign in the Netherlands
killing protestants
why did Spain’s campaign in the Netherlands anger Elizabeth’s government
they saw Spain as a hostile, direct threat to England and Protestantism
What did the English do to Dutch Protestants
They allowed Dutch rebel ships (sea beggars) in English ports. They provided financial support to others fighting the Spanish. English privateers were encouraged to attack Spanish shipping and colonies in America.
what did Elizabeth propose to do with the Duke of Alencon ( French heir)
marry him so he might be persuaded to fight Spain in the Netherlands
by when did the Spanish government in the Netherlands find the war unaffordable
1576
what caused the Spanish Fury
Spanish troops not being paid
What was the Spanish Fury
Spanish troops looted Antwerp
what was the Pacification of Ghent
After the looting all 17 Dutch provenances, Catholic and Protestant joined an alliance against the Spanish, drawn up in a document called the Pacification of Ghent. It called for Spanish troops to be expelled from the Netherlands.
who and when restored control of Spanish Netherlands
late 1584- Duke of Parma
what happened to England’s allies - William of Orange and Duke of Alencon by late 1584
dead
when was the Treaty of Joinville and what did it do
1584- strengthened relationship between Catholic France and Spain
how was Phillip’s position in Spain strengthened by late 1584
Dutch Catholics were ready to make peace with Spain
why were England and Spain close to war by 1587
Phillip II blamed English support for Dutch rebels for the situation getting worse. He blamed English privateers for attacks on Spanish ships. Elizabeth’s government blamed Spain for plots against her.
when when did England and Spain emerge as trade rivals
1570s
what were Spain and England fighting over in trade
markets in the New World
what did Spain do in the Netherlands to stop England trading
closed off one of the trade routes - Scheldt and Rhine estuaries
what did Spain do in the New World to try and stop English trading
made a license for trading. This meant that English trader often ran into problems with the Spanish government.
how much worth of silver did Drake steal from Spanish colonies in one raid in 1572
40,000
what amount of silver and gold did Drake get in an expedition between 1577 and 1580
400,000
what did Elizabeth encourage sea beggars to do
attack Spanish ships
what did Elizabeth show by knighting Drake
defiance of Spain’s hostility towards commercial interests in the New world and Europe
What was the treaty of nonsuch and when was it signed
1585- England would finance 7,400 English soldiers led by Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester to work with Dutch rebels
when was the English campaign in the Netherlands
1585-88
was the English campaign in the Netherlands a success and why
NO-Leicester was not given enough resources as Elizabeth still wanted to negotiate with Spain. Some of his officers changed to Spanish side. Dudley and Elizabeth had different ideas
what were the results of the English campaign in the Netherlands
is disrupted Spanish forces and stopped them from capturing a deep water port Ostend on the English channel.
what and when was the Singeing of the King of Spain’s Beard
In 1587 Elizabeth ordered Drake to attack the Spanish navy. He attacked cadiz - a major port. He destroyed 30 ships and alot of their supplies
what was the significance of Drakes attack on Cadiz
they had to stop preparing the Armada and defend their selves against Drake, delayed it by a year, brought England more time to prepare.
What religious reasons caused Phillip II to launch the Armada
a last attempt of restoring Catholicism, the papacy wanted to overthrow Elizabeth since excommunicating her in 1570. The pope promised to forgive sins of those who took part in the Armada
what political reasons causes Phillip II to launch the Armada
The treaty of Joinville (1584) meant that Spain could attack England without risking war with France. The treaty of Nonusch (1585) meant that English soldiers were at war with Spain, so Phillip could justify attacking England. England would be a good addition to his empire.
what angered Philip leading to Armada
Drakes actions and Elizabeth’s support for Dutch rebels
how many ships and guns did the Armada have
130 ships, 2431 guns
what was the Armada’s plan
to sail along the English channel to the Netherlands. Then join forces with the Duke of Parma and attack London, and over throw Elizabeth
what did the Spanish need control to transport troops
English channel
when was the Armada launched
1588
What happened in the battle of Plymouth
2 Spanish ships were captured
what happened in the battle of the Isle of white
Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move back
what happened in the battle of Gravelines
fire ships caused the Spanish to panic. They never met up with the Duke of Parma and where scattered.
what were communication problems that led to English victory
There was no communication between the Duke of Parma and Duke of Medina Sidonia. They had no deep water ports, which meant the armada had to meet with the Duke of Parma at sea
why were English ships better
Cannons were mounted on smaller gun carriages than on Spanish ones. This meant they could be reloaded and fired quicker. They were also more manoverable.
how long were the Armada as sea for till their food started to rot
10 weeks
what did the battle of Gravelines cause
Many Spanish captains panicked and cut their anchors allowing them to drift into the north sea
how did the weather effect the Armada
Gale force ships caused damage and destroyed ships
what were England’s superior tactics
They stayed close enough to Spanish ships to fire, but stayed far enough away to prevent being boarded by Spanish soldiers and sailors. This ensured England’s loses were a minimal. Drake’s used of fireships in the battle of Gravelines caused the Spanish to panic.
what were the consequences of England’s victory
The strength of the navy was shown. Protestantism grew- people thought that god was on a protestant side. Elizabeth’s authority enhanced. Stronger alliances in Europe
Spain consequences of defeat
military and financial setback, however their war with England continued for the rest of Elizabeth’s reign, Spain’s prestige was broken, other countries became wiling to challenge them
what was the point in Elizabethan education
to help people prepare for their expected roles in life
what was the percentage of population that could read and write
15-20%
what type of people went to schools
rich people
what would humanists argue about education
that education was valuable and not just a way to prepare people for life - this led to an improvement in education
what did protestants argue about education
that people should be able to read and write so they can read scriptures
what did the growth of the printing press do to education
made books less expensive, giving people more opportunities to read
how did the growth of trade encourage people to become more literate
the growth of trade required people to read write and understand maths
what were parish schools
they were up to age 10. They were set up by the church and run by the clergy. They taught basic literacy to the children of farmers and craftsmen.
what were grammar schools
for boys aged 10-14. They provided education independently of the church and charged fees, scholarships were available for poorer families. Attended by children of the gentry, merchants, yeoman farmers and craftsmen. They were taught the Bible, debating, Latin, Greek and philosophy. The sons of yeomen farms were taught reading, writing and maths
what were petty schools
