WW1 Flashcards
What were the short term causes
-Assassination of archduke Francis Ferdinand
Nationalism
- implied that each ethnic group had the right to form a sovereign state
- especially serious in ottoman, Habsburg, and Russia
Pan-slavism
- Ottoman Empire was reduced as Greece and others became independent
- Russians promoted pan-slavism in lands of Austria Hungary
Rivalry between Germany and Britain
- naval race: Germany’s industrialization threatened British economic predominance
- colonial disputes: Britain and France took most of the area and left little for Germany expansion
- Balkan wars
- public opinion: nationalism and patriotism prevailed among Europeans
Central powers: triple alliance
Germany and Austria-Hungary formed dual alliance
Soon became triple alliance when Italy joined
Austia-Hungary, Germany, italy
The allies: triple entente
Britain France and Russia formed the triple entente
Britain, France, Russia
Assassination of archduke Ferdinand
-provoked Austria/Hungary to declare war on Serbia (July 28)
The stalemate
- Reflected advantages of defense tactics over offensive tactics
- BARBED WIRE, MACHINE GUNS, POISONOUS GAS
Propaganda
Government resorted to restriction of civil liberty and censorship and propaganda
21 demands
Were designed to reduce China to Japan’s protectorate (state that controls another area)
VI Lenin
- revolutionary Marxist
- exiled in Switzerland
- recognized importance of a well-organized highly disciplined party for revolution
Submarine warfare
German submarine sank a British passenger liner
US declared war on Germany on April 6th 1917
Corrosive effects of the war
Deteriorated economic conditions, civilian disillusionment, food riots, mutinies of troops
Collapse
Forces of the central powers collapsed one after another and accepted armistices
Paris peace conference
27 nations participated in the conference in 1919
Peace treaties
- Restricted military potential of the former central powers
- required payment of the cost of war on behalf of the central powers
- recognized newly formed states in Eastern Europe
- peace settlement was a failure and left a bitter legacy
League of Nations
- goal was world peace
- TWO MAJOR FLAWS
1: it had no power to enforce its decisions
2: it did not include all major powers to maintain collective security
Mandate system
League of Nations divided colonies and territories from the former central powers into three classes of mandates
Weakened Europe
- economic problems: inflation, economic dislocations, loss of overseas investments and foreign markets
- war reversed economic relationship between Europe and US
- loss of prestige overseas weakened European grip on colonies
Self determination
The right of people in a region to determine whether to be independent or not
14 points
- freedom of the seas
- arms reduction
- colonial commerce: lands taken away were given to natives
- league of nations
Treaty of Versailles
- Germany gave up colonies / reparations
- Germany and Austria banned from working together
- Germany took blame for war
- German navy and army reduced
Balkan nationalism
Movements to create independent nations with in the Balkan possessions of the ottoman empire. This provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system. It also eventually led to World War I.
Dreadnoughts
A battleship. A huge new warship during this time. It launched in 1906 and the Germans built ships in response. This kept the Naval rivalry at fever pitch.
Wilhelm II
Ruler of Germany. He magnified the threat of growing economic and military power of Germany for the rest of Europe.
Gavriel princip
Serbian nationalist. In July 1914 he assassinated Archduke Ferdinand and his wife and Sarah in Sarajevo
Archduke Ferdinand
Hire a parent to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I
Sarajevo
Administrative center of the Bosnian province of the Austrian empire. Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated here in 1914 and provoked World War I
Western front
Front a stab list in World War I. Was generally a long line from Belgium to Switzerland. It featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the conflict
Nicholas II
Tsar of Russia 1894-1917. He forcefully suppressed political opposition and resisted constitutional government. Deposed by Revolution in 1917
Gallipoli
Peninsula south of Istanbul. It was the site of the decisive 1915 Turkish victory over Australian and New Zealand forces under British command during World War I
Armenian genocide
Anna salt carried out by mainly the Turkish military forces against the Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915. Over a million Armenians parish and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East
Eastern front
The most mobile of the funds established during World War I. After early successes, military defeat led to the downfall of the tsarist government in Russia
Adolf Hitler
Notsi leader of fascist German from 1933 to his suicide in 1945. He created a strongly centralized state in Germany and eliminated all of his rivals. He launched an aggressive foreign-policy leading to World War II he is responsible for the genocide of the European Jews
George Clemenceau
French prime minister in the last year’s of World War I and during Versailles conference of 1919. He pushed for heavy reparations from Germany
David Lloyd George
Prime minister of Great Britain. He had a coalition government through much of World War I and the turbulent years that followed
Diktat
Dictated peace without negotiations. It is in order or decree imposed by someone in power without popular consent.
Woodrow Wilson
The 28th president of the United States. He wrote the 14 points and intensely promoted self-determination
League of Nations
International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I. Was one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations. The United States was never a member
What were the long term causes of WW1
MAIN Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism
