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History > History- Imperialism > Flashcards

History- Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes and motives of imperialism: political

A

Nationalism: imperialism represented an expression of nationalism and European countries gained colonies to show their power, prestige, national superiority
Balance of power: when one European power obtained colonies, other European powers felt it necessary to the same

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2
Q

Causes and motives of imperialism: technological

A
  • advances made possible by industrial revolution
  • Europeans involved with Africa, Asia, pacific
  • transportation: steam powered ships, gunboats, railroad
  • telegraph was invented in 1830s
  • cables linked imperialist countries
  • superior European weaponry from maxim guns
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3
Q

Causes and motives of imperialism: social

A
  • social Darwinism
  • ethnocentrism
  • racism
  • religion: European powers wanted to spread Christianity
  • white mans burden & mission civilisatrice
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4
Q

Social Darwinism

A
  • One cause of social imperialism
  • theory that technologically advanced societies of the west were more successful thank others because western cultures were superior
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5
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Belief in the inherent superiority of ones own ethnics group or religion

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6
Q

Racism

A

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

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7
Q

White mans burden & mission civilisatrice

A

European belief that it was the duty of Europeans to bring their advanced civilization to their colonies

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8
Q

Terms of imperialist control: level of formal foreign control

A

Levels of foreign control: 1-colony 2-protectorate 3-sphere of influence 4-economic imperialism

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9
Q

Colony

A
  • Highest
  • a country or region under the immediate control of a foreign state
  • colony has no independent international representation
  • top level administration is under direct control of the foreign state
  • example: British India
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10
Q

Protectorates

A
  • 2nd highest
  • country with its own internal government, under control of an outside power
  • outside power guaranteed protection
  • example: Cuba
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11
Q

Sphere of influence

A
  • 3rd highest
  • area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
  • nations agreed to not interfere with other nations spheres
  • example: China
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12
Q

Economic imperialism

A
  • lowest
  • independent but less developed nations
  • controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments
  • example: dole Hawaiian pineapple company and United fruit company
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13
Q

Tropical dependencies

A
  • Small numbers of Europeans ruled large populations of non-western people
  • greater portion of European empires consisted of these dependencies
  • Asia, Africa, South Pacific
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14
Q

Settlement colonies

A
  • white dominions: inhabited mostly by Europeans and their descendants; indigenous ppl were few; Canada and Australia
  • contested settler colonies: large European populations lived among even more numerous indigenous peoples; South Africa, Algeria, New Zealand, Kenya, Hawaii
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15
Q

Political effects of imperialism

A
  • European domination of indigenous ppl
  • nationalism: increased in both Europeans and indigenous ppl
  • balance of power among European nations
  • increased competition for colonies
  • resistance of subject peoples
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16
Q

Resistance of subject ppls

A
  • sepoy rebellion, India
  • Zulu wars, Southern Africa late
  • boxer rebellion, China
  • mahdist revolt, Sudan
  • other forms: boycotting European products, organizing political parties, publishing anti-colonial newspapers and magazines
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17
Q

Imperialism: social effects

A
  • Ethnocentrism, racism, and social Darwinism subjugated indigenous people
  • European exploited ethnic and cultural divisions: native ppls divided into tribes; tribalism: tribal consciousness and loyalty; exaltation of the tribe above other groups; violence and conflict between competing tribal and ethnic groups
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18
Q

European imperialism: political effects

A

Home rule league: home rule bills for Irish self-rule failed to pass in parliament

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19
Q

European imperialism: South Asia

A
  • India: Jewel in the biting crown
  • company rule: British east India company
  • British raj: formal rule of India by British government
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20
Q

European imperialism: South Asia: political and military effects

A
  • east India company took advantage of decline of Mughal state
  • princely states
  • presidencies
  • sepoys
  • sepoy rebellion
  • royal titles act
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21
Q

Princely states

A

Domains of Indian princes allied to the British

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22
Q

Presidencies

A

Areas directly governed by British; larger than princely states

23
Q

Sepoys

A
  • native Indians employed but British east India company

- trained in European military style

24
Q

Sepoy rebellion

A
  • controversy over animal grease for British rifles
  • Hindu & Muslim opposition to British civilians
  • British used severe methods as retribution; suppressed rebellion
  • Cawnpore massacre- Indians killed British civilians
25
Q

Nabobs

A
  • British representatives of east India company

- gained wealth through corruption, exploitation

26
Q

Ram Monhun Roy

A
  • Indian reformer helped end sati
  • “father of modern India”
  • wanted to build society based on European science & Hinduism
  • helped to end the practice of sati
27
Q

Indian national congress

A
  • Founded in 1885
  • largest and most prominent Indian public organization
  • forum for educated Indians to discuss public affairs
  • aired Indian grievances, openly sought Indian self-rule
28
Q

Bal Gangadhar tilak

A
  • opposition to British rule
  • one of the first advocates for “swaraj”
  • militant nationalist
  • passive resistance; boycotting goods
  • founder and president of Indian home rule league
  • involved with Indian national congress
  • concluded Lucknow pact which provided for Hindu-Muslim unity
29
Q

Mohandas Gandhi

A

-mahatma (great soul)
-studied law in England
-became advocate for
Indian rights in South Africa
-satyagraha- nonviolent resistance
-ahimsa- non injury to all living beings

30
Q

Muslim league

A
  • founded in 1906
  • protected rights of Indian Muslims
  • adopted self-government
  • called for separate nation (pakistan) for India’s Muslims
31
Q

Mohammed Ali jinnah

A
  • Studied law and politics in England
  • involved in the home rule league
  • Lucknow pact- called for Hindu-Muslim unity
32
Q

Java

A
  • Most populated
  • Dutch east India company controlled trade w Java
  • coffee
33
Q

Java war

A
  • last resistance of the Javanese aristocracy to the Dutch rule
  • prince pangeran diponegoro: mobilized native ppls again Dutch; sought Javanese heartland free of Dutch rule
34
Q

The opium war

A
  • China had much to offer, but little demand for European products
  • east India company found opium to exchange for Chinese goods
  • ab 40,000 chests of opium shipped to China yearly
  • the emperor commissioned the incorruptible Lin zexu to stop the trade
  • relying on military superiority, Britain launched a retaliatory war
35
Q

Taiping rebellion

A
  • internal turmoil in China

- population growth strained resources, poverty and discontent of peasantry

36
Q

Boxer rebellion

A
  • peasants in northern China organized the rid China if foreign Devils
  • crushed by European and Japanese troops
  • revolutionary uprisings gained widespread public support
37
Q

Maori

A
  • native ppls of New Zealand
  • practiced hunting, gathering, farming, cattle-grazing
  • many died from European diseases
  • treaty of waitangi
  • New Zealand wars
38
Q

Treaty of waitagi

A
  • between British and several Maori tribes
  • British pledged to protect Maori land
  • established British law in New Zealand
39
Q

The Berlin conference

A
  • European powers agreed upon carving Africa continent into colonies
  • European armies sent to consolidate their claims and impose colonial rule in Africa
  • Bismarck
40
Q

Mahdi

A

Muhammad achmad
The guided one
A Muslim leader
Led a nationalist and Islamic revolt against Egyptians and British

41
Q

Congo

A

Belgian influence

Belgian King Leopold 2 sets up private venture to colonize Congo

42
Q

Boers

A

Afrikaners left cape colony; moved to interior South Africa

Founded orange free state and transvaal

43
Q

Zulu war

A
  • British wanted Zulu to provide labor force for diamond mines
  • isandlwana battle
  • British government increased efforts to subjugate Zulu ppls
44
Q

Isandlwana battle

A

Zulu battle over British

Large Zulu force nearly wiped out entire British garrison

45
Q

First matabele war

A

Fought between Matabele and British South Africa company

Death of King lobengula

46
Q

Second Anglo-boer war

A
  • British fought boer farmers

- British victory

47
Q

Cecil Rhodes

A
  • British financier and statesman organized debeers mining company
  • monopoly on global diamond production
  • desired a “cape to Cairo railway”
  • opposed voting rights for black South Africans
  • gained territory for Britain in South Africa (Rhodesia, treaties w Matabele)
48
Q

Monroe doctrine

A
  • president Monroe claimed Americas as a US protectorate

- warned europe not to interfere in the Americas

49
Q

Spanish-American War

A

-US defeated Spain, took over Cuba, Puerto Rico, righter to phillippines

50
Q

Roosevelt corollary

A
  • Issued by president Theodore Roosevelt; extension of Monroe doctrine
  • big stick policy of Latin American Caribbean
51
Q

Panama Canal

A

US helped rebels of Colombia to establish the state of Panama, won right to built the Panama Canal

52
Q

Causes and motive of imperialism: Economic

A

European merchants, entrepreneurs, markets, overseas expansion for obtaining, raw materials (rubber, tin, copper)

53
Q

Bantu people

A

Native groups that were originally in control of South African regions; they were divided into many divisions, such as the Zulu and the Xhosa, and fought with Boer farmers for control of the region. Originated in eastern Nigeria in west Africa; migrated to central and southern portion using rivers (particularly in the Congo Basin); village dwellers who depended on agriculture and fishing

54
Q

British raj

A

Formal Indian rule by British government

History (7 decks)

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