History Quiz #1

Question 1

Urbanization led to…

Answer 1

Rapid growth of major cities

Question 2

Laissez-Faire

Answer 2

French term meaning “let-do”. Supporters felt that ppl should be able to buy, sell, hire without government interference. “Hands off” approach

Question 3

Socialism

Answer 3

The belief that the means of productionshould be owned and operated by society; the radical idea of SHARING

Question 4

Capitalism

Answer 4

• Private parties sought to take advantage of free market conditions
• economic decisions by private parties, not by governments or nobility
• forces of supply and demand determine price

Question 5

Thomas malfious

Answer 5

Urged families to have less children

Question 6

Foundations of industrialization: what was critical to Great Britain

Answer 6

Coal

Question 7

Why did the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain?

Answer 7

Natural resources. Water provided power for the machines and transportation of goods and raw materials. Coal was used to fuel the machines.

Question 8

James Watt

Answer 8

Invented a steam engine in 1765. The steam engine burn coal which drove a piston which turned a wheel. Widespread use by 1800 meant increased productivity and cheaper prices.

Question 9

Luddites

Answer 9

Industrial protests

They struck against Mills and destroyed machines in 1811 and 1816. 14 luddites hung in 1813 and the movement died

Question 10

Enclosure movement

Answer 10

1760-1815

Parliament enclosed 6 million acres of communal land

Question 11

What did mass production provide

Answer 11

Cheaper goods

Question 12

Eli Whitney

Answer 12

Promoted mass production of interchangeable parts for firearms

Question 13

Henry ford

Answer 13

1913

Introduced assembly line to automobile production

Question 14

Karl Marx

Answer 14

German philosopher who set out to provide a scientific basis for socialism

Question 15

The communist manifesto

Answer 15

1848

• Claimed capitalism would lead to Communist Revolution
• dictatorship of the proletariat it would destroy capitalism
• Socialism would follow a fair just and Egalitarian society
• ideas dominated European and international socialism throughout 19 century

Question 16

Communism

Answer 16

Then last stage of socialism where each individual would find true fulfillment

Question 17

The young Turks

Answer 17

• The most active dissident organization founded in 1889

- called for universal suffrage, equality, freedom, and secularization of the state

Question 18

The Meiji restoration

Answer 18

• In a brief Civil War Tokugawa armies were defeated by dissident militia
• The boy Emperor Mutsuhito, known as Meiji, took the reins of power

Question 19

Constitutional government

Answer 19

• It gave the Emperor Paramount power and limited the rights of the people
• despite its conservative nature, it provided opportunity for debate and dissent

Question 20

Zaibatsu

Answer 20

Financial cliques, wealthy families became powerful and banking and industry

Question 21

Treaty of Kanagawa

Answer 21

1854
The shogun agreed to open to Japanese ports to American ships; the United States soon won other trading rights with Japan; in time Great Britain, France, and Russia game similar trading rights

Question 22

Emancipation of serfs

Answer 22

• Serfdom was viewed as an obstacle to economic development
• tsar Alexander II abolished serfdom in 1861 after the Crimean war
• serfs gained right to land, but had to pay a redemption tax, no political rights
• The emancipation did not lead to an increase of agricultural production

Question 23

The Crimean war

Answer 23

1853-56

• Russia expanded to Manchuria, Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean
• The Southwest expansion upset the balance of power in Europe
• The war against Europe clearly revealed weakness of the Russian Empire
• devastating defeat compelled tsarist just autocracy to socialist reforms

Question 24

Adam smith

Answer 24

Said society would prosper as individuals pursued their own interests