Totalitarianism Flashcards
Communist totalitarian state
- ruled by the communist party
- command economy
- support for revolutionary ideals
- state or gov control over economy
Fascist totalitarian states
- ruled by fascist parties
- controlled economy, but allowances made for a limited capitalism; strength of corporations
- reactionary, anti-communist, extremely nationalistic
- individual roles in economy
The February revolution
- Nicholas 2 abandoned throne
- provisional government and soviets struggled for power
VI Lenin
- revolutionary Marxist
- recognized importance of a well organized, highly disciplined party for revolution
- as part of war effort, German authorities to Glenn into Russia, 1917
- headed the Bolsheviks, called for seizing power and withdrawal from war
The October Revolution
- The Bolsheviks slogan peace, land, and bread
- Lenin persuaded the Bolsheviks to organize an armed uprising
- through a bloodless revolution, the Bolshevik seized power, withdrew from wat
Civil war
- tsar Nicholas 2 and his entire family were executed
- the whites were defeated by the red Army in 1920
The new economic policy (NEP)
- lenins way to reversed war Communism
- returned small scale industries to private ownership’s (land back to peasants)
- allowed peasants to sell their surplus at free-market
- programs of electrification and technical schools were carried out
five year plan
Stalans plan to Hasten industrialization of the USSR
- constructed massive factories in metallurgy mining and electrical power
- it led to massive state planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products
Collectivization
- taking of private land was first part of 5 year plans
- creation of large, state run farms rather than individual holdings
- it allowed more efficient control over peasants and it lowered food production
The great purge
- Stalin purged 2/3 of the Central committee members and more than half of the armies high ranking officers
- by 1939, 8 million people were in labor camps, 3 million died during “cleansing”
Holodomor
Ukrainian famine
Hitler
- Became chairman of the national Socialist German workers party in 1921
- the Nazi party became the largest in Parliament
- president Hindenburg offered Hitler the chancellorship
- Hitler transformed the dying republic into a single party dictatorship
- Hitler takes the title of fuhrer
The Holocaust
- The final solution
- the mass murder and genocide of Jews
Appeasement policy
Giving into an aggressor to avoid war
Munich conference
1938
Europeans listen to Hitler’s demand for territories
-the appeaser=chamberlain
Benito Mussolini
- Founder of fascism and the leader of Italy from 1922 to 1943
- formed the fastest party in 1919 with the support of unemployed war veterans
- organized these followers into arm squads known as the black shirts
- gradually dismantled the institutions of democratic Government and made himself dictator taking the title “ll Duce”
- his declaration of war on Britain and France in June 1940 exposed Italian military weaknesses and was followed by a series of defeats in North and East Africa and the Balkans
Fascism
- Political philosophy that became predominate in Italy and Germany
- it attacked weaknesses of democracy and corruption of capitalism it promised
- vigorous foreign and military programs and undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction
Stalin
- Successor to London as the head of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
- Established a series of five-year plans to replace new economic policy
Gestapo
Secret police in Nazi Germany known for brutal tactics
Spanish Civil War
- War pitting authoritarian and military leaders in Spain against Republicans
- Germany and Italy supported the royalists
- Soviet union support of the Republicans
- led to the victory of royalist forces
Guernica
Painting made by Pablo Picasso this painting was Pablo’s protest against the bombing of the village of Guernica in the Spanish civil war
Totalitarianism
- total control
- a system of government and ideology in which all social political economic intellectual cultural and spiritual activities are subordinate to the purposes of the rulers of a state
- under a dictator
Socialist realism
Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid adoption of Western European cultural reforms
National Socialist party
- Also known as the Nazi party and was led by Adolf Hitler in Germany
- it picked up political support during the economic chaos of the Great Depression
- it advocated authoritarian state under single leader, aggressive foreign-policy to reverse humiliation of the Versailles treaty
- took power in Germany in 1933
Totalitarian state
A new kind of government in the 20th century that exercise massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of the subjects it existed in Germany Italy and the Soviet union
