Industrialization And Reforms

Question 1

Russia

Answer 1

• Alexander 1: some enlightened reforms; began trading with England; Russian army contributed to defeat of Napoleon
• Holy Alliance: agreement between Russia Prussia Austria and France that they would militarily crush any revolutionary movements that might arise in Europe
• Alexander II: abolished serfdom after Crimean war
• Emancipation of serfs: serfdom was viewed as an obstacle to economic development; serfs gained right to land but had to pay a redemption tax, had no political rights
• POLITICAL REFORM: tsarist authority created elected district assemblies called zemstvos and established a system of law based on Western European models
• The Witte System: railway construction, remodeled state bank, protected infant industries, secured foreign loans
• Industrial discontent: intensified industrialization based on working class, workers became receptive to revolutionary propaganda