WSET Diploma Champagne Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Pol Roger?
What grapes are used?
What vintages are available?
A
Sir Winston Churchill Cuvée
Mostly Pinot Noir w/some Chardonnay
2000 / 2002 / 2004 / 2006 / 2008
2
Q
Which champagne featured in the TV series Absolutely Fabulous?
A
Bollinger - “Bolly”
3
Q
Which champagne was made especially for Tsar Nicholas II of Russia?
What is it usually a blend of?
A
Cristal from Roederer
-60% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay, depending on the vintage.
4
Q
In 2018, what percentages of the main 3 grapes were planted in Champagne?
A
Pinot Noir: 38%
Meunier: 32%
Chardonnay: 30%
5
Q
What are the two main towns in the champagne region?
A
Reims and Epernay
6
Q
In reference to Champagne, what does “The Widow” refer to?
What 4 things is she credited with?
A
Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, the widow of Francois Clicquot. She is the “Veuve” (meaning “widow”) Cliqcuot..
- First woman to run a Champagne house.
- Spread popularity of Champagne to Russia.
- Co-created the Riddling table.
- Created one of the first known Vintage Champagnes.
7
Q
What 2 types of soil is mainly found in the champagne region?
A
Limestone and Chalk.
8
Q
Roughly how many independent champagne growers are there in the champagne region
- 9,000, 14,000, 19,000?
A
19,000
9
Q
In the champagne region what does RM stand for?
A
Recoltant Manipulant
A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit.
10
Q
What is the remuage process in champagne making?
A
Manipulating bottles to move sediment onto the corks ready for disgorgement.
11
Q
Which alcohol content is champagne most likely to be - 10.5%, 12.5%, 15.5%
A
12.5%
12
Q
Which champagne house historically blocks malolactic fermentation in order to keep the wine “razor Sharp”?
A
Lanson
13
Q
Bouzy is associated with which wine/vineyard area?
A
Champagne, Grand Cru village in Montagne de Reims.
14
Q
Dom Perignon is associated with which wine/vineyard area?
What grapes are used?
What style is Dom Perignon, in general?
A
Champagne/Epernay
Usually around 55% Pinot Noir, 45% Chardonnay
Opulent, rich.
15
Q
What are the 3 Prestige Cuvées of Bollinger?
A
R.D.
Grand Année
Vielles Vignes Français
16
Q
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Veuve-Clicquot?
What grapes are used?
A
Le Grande Dame
Though the blend changes from vintage to vintage, Pinot Noir is the predominant grape, with Chardonnay providing the remainder.
17
Q
In the champagne region what does NM stand for?
A
Negociant Manipulant.
A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses, e.g. the larger houses: Moet et Chandon, Lanson, Veuve-Clicquot, etc.
18
Q
Which 5 Champagne brands does the conglomerate LVMH own?
A
Krug
Moet et Chandon (inc. Dom Perignon)
Mercier
Veuve Clicquot
Ruinart
19
Q
In the champagne region what does CM stand for?
A
Cooperative Manipulant.
A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand.
20
Q
In the champagne region what does RC stand for?
A
Recoltant Cooperateur.
A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label.
21
Q
In the champagne region what does SR stand for?
A
Societé de Recoltants.
A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands.
22
Q
In the champagne region what does ND stand for?
A
Negociant Distributeur.
A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make.
23
Q
In the champagne region what does MA stand for?
A
Marque d’Acheteur.
A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label.
24
Q
What are the 2 Prestige Cuvées of Krug and what grapes are they comprised of?
A
“Clos d’Ambonnay” = 100% Pinot Noir
“Clos du Mesnil” = 100% Chardonnay
25
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Gosset?
What grapes are used?
"Celebris"
## Footnote
52% Chardonnay, 48% Pinot Noir
26
Champagne Charles Heidsieck has 2 Prestige Cuvées, one of which is discontinued.
What are they?
"Champagne Charlie" (discontinued after '85 vintage)
"Blanc de Millenaires" (100% Chardonnay)
27
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Jacquesson?
What is their other famous series of wines?
"Grand Vin Signature"
The 700 Series
28
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Lanson, and what styles does it come in?
"Noble Cuvée"
Brut, Blanc de Blancs, Rosé
29
What are the 2 Prestige Cuvées of Laurent-Perrier?
"Grand Siécle" (50/50 PN and Chard)
"Alexandra" Vintage Rosé (80/20 PN and Chard)
30
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Perrier-Jouët?
"Belle-Epoque"
31
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Ruinart?
"Dom Ruinart"
(Blanc de Blancs and Rosé)
Rosé: 85% Chardonnay, 15% Pinot Noir
32
What is the Prestige Cuvée of Jacques Selosse?
What grapes are used?
What is unique about the way this wine is made?
"Substance" NV
100% Chardonnay (Blanc de Blancs)
His top wine, Substance, is created out of a Solera of twelve different vintages.
33
What is the French name for the mixture of wine/sugar added to a newly-disgorged bottle of Champagne?
Liqueur d'expedition.
34
When pressing grapes for Champagne production, what are the 2 divisions of juice called?
"Vin de Cuvée" = the first 2,050L
"Vin de Tailles" = the following 500L
35
What are the 7 steps to making a Traditional Method sparkling wine?
1. Making the still base wine.
2. Assembling the cuvée.
3. Adding liqueur de tirage and 2nd fermentation.
4. Sur lie aging / autolysis.
5. Riddling (Remuage).
6. Disgorgement.
7. Dosage / Bottle-aging
36
With which 2 sparkling wine production methods can you have yeasty, autolysis, flavours?
Traditional Method Transfer Method
37
What are the "4 C"s and "1 F" of Traditional Method sparkling wine production?
Champagne
Cremant
Cava
Method Cap Classique
Franciacorta
38
Descirbe the base still wine used for Champagne in terms of:
Color
Alcohol
Acidity
Very light color.
Low alcohol (10-11%)
High acidity.
39
Why are the best grapes for sparkling wine picked in whole bunches?
When crushed, it protects the juice better from unwanted colour and tannins
40
Give three reasons why blending is so important with sparkling wines:
1. To make a consistent 'House' style.
2. To improve balance e.g. Chardonnay adds Citrus whilst Pinot Noir adds body and subtle red fruit flavours
3. To add complexity e.g. Old reserve wines might bring dried fruit. Some matured in oak would bring toast and spice
41
What are the 5 ingredients of Liqueur de Tirage? When is it used?
Wine, sugar, yeast, yeast nutrients, clarifying/fining agent.
Mixed with base wine to start the 2nd fermentation
42
What is the pressure in the bottle after the 2nd fermentation?
5~6 atmospheres
43
What is the machine that performs automated riddling?
Where was it invented?
How many bottles can it hold?
Gyropalette.
Invented in Spain.
Holds up to 504 bottles.
44
At what stages might blending be done in making Sparkling wine?
After the base wine is made various parcels are blended before starting 2nd fermentation At the stage of adding Liqueur d'expedition the wine used can adjust the flavours of the final wine.
45
What is Liqueur d'expedition made from?
Wine and sugar
46
How is 'Traditional Method' shown on bottles?
Methode Champenoise
Methode Traditionelle
Traditional Method
Cremant
Metodo Classico
47
How are some producers helping retailers and drinkers know the age of Champagne?
Some are showing 'Disgorgement' dates on the bottle
48
Besides the Traditional Method, what are 5 ways to make sparkling wine?
Give a specific example for each method:
**Transfer Method / "Transvasage"** (Champagne bottles larger than a Jeroboam and smaller than a half bottle.)
**Tank/Charmat/Asti/Cuve Close Method** (Prosecco)
**Methode Ancestral** (Bugey "Cerdon" AOP)
**Continuous Method/Russian Continous Method** (German Sekt)
**Carbonation** (Cheap sparkling wine e.g. Barefoot)
49
With which sparkling wine production methods can you get autolysis flavours?
Traditional Method
Transfer Method
Continuous / Russian Continuous Method
50
What is the main difference between Traditional and Transfer methods of sparkling wine production?
With Transfer method, after 2nd fermentation and lees ageing the bottles are disgorged into a sealed tank under pressure. The wine is then filtered, Liqueur d'expedition is added then the wine is finally bottled
51
What 3 reasons might cause producers choose the Tank Method to make sparkling wine?
- Cheaper.
- Less labor-intensive.
- Removal of yeast/autolysis flavors, emphasis of primary, fruity flavors.
52
With the Tank Method of Sparkling wine production, where does 2nd fermentation take place?
In a pressurised tank
53
Using the French terms list Sparkling wine sweetness from driest to sweetest and their level of residual sugar.
Brut Nature (0-3g/l)
Extra Brut (0-6g/l)
Brut (0-12g/l)
Extra Sec (12-17g/l)
Sec (17-32g/l)
Demi Sec (32-50g/l)
Doux (50+ g/l)
54
What is the most popular style of Traditional Method sparkling wine and how much sugar can it contain?
Brut 0~12g/L
55
How much sugar is in the dosage for Brut Nature Sparlking wines?
No sugar can be added but residual sugar up to 3G/L is permitted
56
How much residual sugar is permitted in Demi-Sec Sparkling wine?
32~50g/L
57
Define 'Vintage' - Champagne - Wine from other countries
Champagne - 100% grapes must come from a single year Other countries - Most grapes must come from a single year but a small % from other years is permitted
58
How can Rosé sparkling wines be made?
Blending red and white base wines - even permitted in Champagne Short maceration (some countries only allow short maceration) \* Colour can be adjusted at final liqueur d'expedition stage
59
What is 'Prestige Cuvee'?
Not an official labelling term but sometimes used by producers to denote their flagship offering
60
What flavours does autolysis bring?
Biscuit, Bread, Toast, Pastry, Brioche, Bread Dough, Cheese
61
What are the minimum ageing times for non vintage Champagne - In total? - On the lees?
Total 15 months
12 months on the lees
62
What are the minimum ageing times for vintage Champagne - In total? - On the lees?
Total 36 months
12 months on the lees
63
What is the minimum lees ageing time for Cremant, Saumur, Vouvray and Cava?
9 months
64
What are the minimum ageing times for Asti and Prosecco?
None, they are both made to be drunk fresh as soon as possible after making
65
What is the minimum lees ageing time for South African Method Cap Classique sparkling wine?
Minimum 12 months.
66
North to South, what are the 5 Champagne grape growing regions and what does each, primarily, grow?
Montagne de Reims. Pinot Noir
Vallée de la Marne. Pinot Meunière
Côte des Blancs. Chardonnay
Côte de Sezanne. Chardonnay
Côte des Bar. Pinot Noir
67
In Champagne which are the two growing regions for Chardonnay?
Côte de Blancs and Côte de Sezanne
68
In Champagne which are the two growing regions for Pinot Noir?
Montagne de Reims and Côte des Bar
69
Where, in Champagne, is Pinot Meunière largely grown?
Valée de la Marne
70
To what is Cru status given in Champagne?
The Village
71
How many Cru villages are there in Champagne?
42 Premier Cru (technically 44: Chouilly is PC for Pinot Noir; Tours-sur-Marne is PC for Chardonnay)
17 Grand Cru
72
What does Chardonnay bring to Champagne?
Hi acidity, floral and citrus fruit flavours
73
What does Pinot Noir bring to Champagne?
Greater body, structural backbone and some red fruit flavours
74
What does Pinot Meunière bring to Champagne?
Brings fruit flavours
75
What is the climate in Champagne?
What is the predominant soil?
What are 4 main climatic hazards?
How are the hazards best managed?
Cool Continental
Largely chalk/limestone
Winter Freeze, Spring Frosts, Hail and Rain.
Plant on S facing slopes, chalky soils help to drain water.
76
Summarise the major differences between Blanc de Blancs and Blanc de Noirs
B de B 100% Chardonnay/white grapes, light~med body with citrus notes
B de N, 100% Pinot N and M, Fuller body with more red fruit flavours
77
What are the 3 main Cremants?
Cremant d'Alsace
Cremant de Bourgogne
Cremant de Loire
78
Cremant sparkling wines are usually made with the predominant grapes for the region, what is the exception?
Cremant d'Alsace in that it cannot be made from Gewürztraminer or Muscat but Chardonnay can be used
79
Which 3 regions, in Australia, produce the best sparkling wines and why? How are they usually made and from which grapes?
Yarra Valley, Adelaide Hills and Tasmania
Because the climate is cool or moderate
Normally made using the Traditional Method Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
80
In Australia what is red sparkling made from and what production would usually be used? What does it taste like?
Shiraz is best but also made from Cab Sav and Merlot
Usually made by Transfer or Traditional Methods
Full body, Red berry flavours, smooth tannins with some residual sugar
81
How are bulk sparkling wines usually made in Australia?
Carbonation or Tank Method
82
List 4 countries that might use the Tank Method for sparkling wine production
Italy - Prosecco
Germany - Sekt
Australia - Bulk sparkling wines
USA - Bulk Sparkling wines
83
What is the South African term for the Traditional Method of making sparkling wine?
Méthod Cap Classique
84
Where do the best grapes come from to make Méthod Cap Classique wines?
What grapes are usually used?
The Western Cape with the best grapes being from Hillside slopes (SE facing i.e. Away from the sun) or near the coast
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
85
Why does New Zealand have a reputation for high quality sparkling wines?
How are the good ones made and from which grapes?
Due to Southern latitude, long sunshine hours, Maritime climate giving cool sea breezes
The grapes ripen slowly whilst developing concentrated flavours.
Traditional Method
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
86
Where is most New Zealand sparkling wine made?
Marlborough
87
What are the differences in the Sparkling wines made in New Zealand's North and South Islands?
North - Richer style South - Leaner with higher acidity
88
What Method is used for the best American sparkling wines? Where are the best locations and why? What grapes are most used?
Best made using the Traditional Method
Los Carneros AVA and Anderson Valley AVA because they are cooler locations allowing slower ripening and grapes to picked at the ideal ripeness.
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
89
How are bulk sparkling wines made in USA?
Usually Tank or Carbonation
90
How long must USA Sparkling wines spend on the lees after 2nd fermentation?
There is no mandated length of time but the best spend up to 5 years on the lees
91
By how much does the second fermentation raise a wine's alcohol level?
1.2-1.3% ABV
92
If a sparkling wine is labeled "Bottle-Fermented", which production method is typically used?
Transfer
93
What are 5 aromas/flavors associated with "sur lie" aging?
-Bread dough -Yeast -Toast -Subtle white flowers -Nuts (bleached almonds, pine nuts, peanut shells)
94
How many standard bottles are in the following:
Magnum
Jeroboam
Rehoboam
Methusulah
Salmanazar
Balthazar
Nebuchadnezzar
Solomon
Magnum / 2
Jeroboam / 4
Rehoboam / 6
Methusulah / 8
Salmanazar / 12
Balthazar / 16
Nebuchadnezzar / 20
Solomon / 24
95
For a vintage-labeled Champagne, what percentage of grapes must be from the stated vintage?
100%
96
What is a pupítre?
2 wooden planks fastened together in an 'A' frame with 60 cut-out holes in which bottles of Champagne are placed.
97
Champagne Terminology. Define the following:
"Rebêche"
"Debourbage"
"Vins Clairs"
"Rebêche": The 3rd extraction of juice, after the cuvée and tailles. Used for distillate.
"Debourbage": Allowing the newly pressed juice to settle for 8-15 hours at a cool temp, so solids ("bourbes") may be removed.
"Vins Clairs": The newly-fermented, base still wine.
98
Champagne Terminology. Define the following:
"Prise de Mousse"
"Bidule"
"Sur latte"
"Prise de Mousse": the secondary fermentation.
"Bidule": The plastic capsule on the inside of the crown cap that collects the dead yeast cells during remuage.
"Sur latte": The horizontal position in which Champagne bottles lie during secondary fermentation.
99
What is added to the cuvee in order to initiate the second fermentation?
Liqueur de tirage
100
The process of turning the bottles and gently shaking them in order to get the dead yeasty cells collected near the cap is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Remuage
101
Time spent aging the wine on the yeast lees is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Sur lie
102
A rack used to hold bottles of wine during the riddling process is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Pupitre
103
The creation of the blended wine that will undergo a second fermentation and be turned into a sparkling wine is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Assemblage
104
The second alcoholic fermentation is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Prise de mousse
105
The process wherein the yeast cells begin to decompose and release their flavors is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Autolysis
106
An addition added just after disgorging a bottle of sparkling wine; also known as the dosage is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Liqueur d'expedition
107
The process in which the bottle is opened and the yeast extracted is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Degorgement
108
Another name for the Charmat Method of sparkling wine production is called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Cuve close / Tank Method
109
Place the following names of the styles of sparkling wines in order from driest to sweetest:
Sec; Doux; Brut nature; Brut; Extra dry; Extra brut; Demi-sec
Brut Nature; Extra Brut; Brut; Extra Dry; Sec; Demi-Sec; Doux
110
The term autolysis is used to refer to the decomposition of yeast cells during the process of sur lie aging. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
111
The traditional Champagne press is a wide, flat basket press, and many of them are still in use today. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
112
Moscato d'Asti is produced using the partial fermentation method. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
113
The Ancestral Method of sparkling wine production is sometimes referred to as Methode Rurale. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
114
The term "California Champagne" may be used on some California wine labels, but only if approved before March 10, 2012. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
115
Most "house style" sparkling wines are blanc de blancs, extra dry, and produced using the grapes of just one vintage. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
116
The second fermentation of a sparkling wine generally increases the alcohol content by one or two percentage points. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
117
In many bottles of sparkling wine, the cork is held in place by a wire cage known as a muselet. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
118
The tank process of sparkling wine production is used to create a wine that emphasizes youthful, floral, and primary fruit aromas. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
119
Chenin Blanc is often used to create sparkling wines in the Loire Valley. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
120
A traditional Champagne bottle that is the equivalent of 2 standard bottles is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Magnum
121
A traditional Champagne bottle that is the equivalent of 4 standard bottles is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Jeroboam
122
A traditional Champagne bottle that is the equivalent of 6 standard bottles is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Rehoboam
123
A traditional Champagne bottle that is the equivalent of 8 standard bottles is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Methuselah
124
A traditional Champagne bottle that is the equivalent of 12 standard bottles is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Salmanazar
125
A traditional Champagne bottle that is the equivalent of 16 standard bottles is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Balthazar
126
A traditional Champagne bottle that is the equivalent of 20 standard bottles is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Nebuchadnezzar
127
Which of the following styles of sparkling wine has the highest level of potential residual sugar? a. Brut; b. Demi-sec; c. Extra dry; d. Sec
b. Demi-sec
128
Which of the following bottles is the largest? a. Magnum; b. Rehoboam; c. Jeroboam; d. Nebuchadnezzar
d. Nebuchadnezzar
129
Which of the following styles of Champagne is most likely to be considered a brand's "house style" and most consistent wine? a. Vintage; b. Blanc de Blancs; c. Rose'; d. Nonvintage
d. Nonvintage
130
Which of the following terms is used to describe the second fermentation of a bottle of Traditional Method sparkling wine? a. Debourbage; b. Prise de mousse; c. Transversage; d. Assemblage
b. Prise de mousse
131
What is a pupitre? a. A wooden rack used to hold bottles of sparkling wine during the riddling process; b. A large machine used to mechanically rotate bottles of sparkling wine before disgorging; c. A table used for sorting grapes prior to the crush; d. A term used to describe the last juice pressed from grapes; destined to be used in the production of sweet sparkling wines.
a. A wooden rack used to hold bottles of sparkling wine during the riddling process
132
Which of the following the is most accurate definition of a tete de cuvee wine? a. A sparkling wine that undergoes a second fermentation in the bottle; b. The top-of-the-line sparkling wine produced by a given brand or producer; c. A vintage sparkling wine made from 100% Chardonnay grapes; d. A sparkling wine produced via assemblage
b. The top-of-the-line sparkling wine produced by a given brand or producer
133
What is the French term for riddling? a. Autolysis; b. Assemblage; c. Remuage; d. Cuve close
c. Remuage
134
Which of the following represents the steps in the Traditional Method of sparkling wine production in the proper order? a. First fermentation, blending, bottling, second fermentation, riddling, disgorging, dosage; b. First fermentation, bottling, second fermentation, blending, riddling, disgorging, dosage; c. First fermentation, blending, second fermentation, bottling, dosage, riddling, disgorging; d. First fermentation, bottling, second fermentation; dosage, riddling, blending, disgorging
a. First fermentation, blending, bottling, second fermentation, riddling, disgorging, dosage
135
In which region does the Champagne house Salon produce wine?
What is unique about Salon?
Le Mesnil sur Oger / Cote des Blancs
## Footnote
Only one wine is produced, a Blanc de Blancs from the original vineyard in Le Mesnil-sur-Oger.
136
What is the 'Special Club'?
When was it established?
What is its purpose?
Name 3 members.
A group of 28 Grower-Producers (RMs) in Champagne.
Est. 1971
Lacking the marketing capital of bigger houses, these grower-producers banded together to promote their prestige-cuvées through idential packaging.
Paul Bara, Pierre Gimonnet, Gaston Chiquet
137
Which region contains the village of Aÿ?
Vallée de la Marne
138
What are the 4 vine-training methods allowed in Champagne?
- Taille Chablis (Bush vines, short cane-pruned)
- Cordon de Royat (single cordon, spur-pruned)
- Guyot (Replacement-cane pruned, single / double)
- Vallee de la Marne (similar to single Guyot)
139
How many 5-oz glasses of Champagne would a Jeroboam yield?
25.4 oz per 750ml bottle.
Jeroboam = 4 bottles / 3L / 101.6 oz
101.6oz / 5 = 20 glasses
140
Who produces the Champagne "Clos des Goisses"?
Philipponnat
141
Which 2 English estates are leading the way for British Traditional Method sparkling wines?
Where are they located?
Nyetimber and Ridgeview.
Sussex.
142
In Champagne, what is "blocage" and "deblocage"?
Blocage: The **reserve** of wine stocks for use in future vintages.
Deblocage: The **release** of wine stocks for use in future vintages.
143
The villages of Chouilly, Cramant and Oger are all located in which section of Champagne?
Cote de Blancs
144
The village of Cumieres is located in which section of Champagne?
Vallee de la Marne
145
Rosé des Riceys is located in which section of Champagne?
Wines are made from which grape?
Cote des Bars.
Pinot Noir
146
The wire cage affixed over the cork of a Champagne bottle is known as:
A Muselet.
147
In which 2 cases is the Transfer Method allowed in Champagne?
- Bottles smaller than a Demi (half bottle)
- Bottles larger than a Jeroboam
148
What is the French workd for the Tranfer Method?
Transvasage
149
By which method are Bugey Cerdon AOP wines produced?
Methode Ancestral
150
Which 2 methods of Disgorgment are allowed for Champagne and what is the difference between them?
**Degorgement a la glace**: Dipping the neck of the bottle in a brine solution and freezing the yeasty deposit. The bottle is then turned upright and the pressure forces the deposit (and some wine) out of the bottle.
**Degorgement a la volée:** Similar to a la glace, but without the freezing part, and more wine is lost.
151
Where does the Jansz estate produce wine?
Tasmania, Australia
152
What is the maximum % of a year's harvest that may be sold as Vintage Champagne?
80%
153
In which of the following vintages would a Champagne producer be LEAST likely to produce a Vintage Champagne?
2000
2001
2002
2003
2001
154
Top 5 recent vintages of Champagne?
2005
2008
2012
2013
2015
155
Since 1990, what years has Moet & Chandon NOT produced Dom Perignon?
1991 / 1994 / 1997 / 2001 / 2007
156
What is Degorgement Tardif?
Also known as Late Disgorgement or Recemment Dégorgé refers to a Champagne that has aged on its lees for longer than normal for that particular house.
157
List 3 Sparkling wine producers (and a specific wine) from California:
**Iron Horse** - Ocean Reserve BdB Green Valley of Russian River Valley
**Mumm Napa** - Rosé Napa Valley DVX
**Schramsberg** - Brut Blanc de Blancs North Coast LD
158
List 3 Sparkling wine producers (and a specific wine) from Oregon:
**Argyle:** Brut Dundee Hills Knudsen Vineyards
**Roco:** Brut Willamette Valley
**Trisaetum:** Extra Brut Blanc de Blancs Willamette Valley
159
List 3 Sparkling wine producers from Australia:
**Redbank** (Kings Valley, Victoria)
**Ninth Island** (Tasmania)
**Seppelt** (Original Sparkling Shiraz)
160
List 3 Sparkling wine producers from New Zealand:
**Brancott Estate** (Marlborough)
**Cloudy Bay** (Marlborough)
**Man O' War** (Waiheke Island, Auckland)
161
List 3 Sparkling wine producers from South Africa:
**Colmant**
**Graham Beck**
**Cederberg**
162
List 3 Prosecco producers:
List 3 Franciacorta producers:
**Prosecco:**
Bisol / Mionetto / Sorelle Bronca
**Franciacorta:**
Arcari e Danesi / Ricci Curbastro / Ca' del Bosco
163
List 3 producers of high-quality Sekt:
Robert Weil / Von Buhl / Maximin Grünhauser
164
What is the prestige cuvée of Taittinger?
Comtes du Champagne Vintage
100% coming from Grand Cru villages in the Cote de Blancs
165
In which sub-region is Ambonnay located?
Montagne de Reims
166
What is the prestige cuvée of Egly-Ouriet?
Les Crayeres
100% Pinot Noir from vines planted in 1946 on pure chalk (crayères) soils in the Grand Cru village of Ambonnay.
167
What are the 3 prestige cuvées and 1 single-vineyard cuvée of Billecart-Salmon?
What style are they particularly known for?
Cuvée Nicolas François Brut Vintage / 60% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay.
"Grande Cuvée": 60% Pinot Noir, 40% Chardonnay
Cuvée Elisabeth Salmon Rosé Brut Vintage / 58% Pinot Noir, 42% Chardonnay
Clos Saint-Hilaire Brut Vintage / 100% Pinot Noir from the 1 ha plot in Mareuil-sur-Aÿ behind the winemaker's house.
168
In which sub-region is Aÿ located?
Vallée de la Marne
169
3 examples of Grower Champagnes:
- Robert Barbichon
- Marie-Courtin
- Grongnet
170
Why were 2001 and 2003 such poor vintages in Champagne?
**2001:** A rather poor Spring was followed by an extremely poor summer and a harvest that was blighted by heavy rain. Very few vintage wines made, rather dilute wines lacking strength and vinosity.
**2003:** The heatwave summer of 2003 was too hot to produce champagne of vintage quality.
171
How were the vintages of 2010 and 2011 regarded in Champagne?
**2011:** It is hard to imagine a more difficult harvest. Few vintage Champagnes are likely to be made.
**2010:** A very difficult vintage with prominent rot. Few vintage Champagnes are likely to be made.
