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Question

HOPE VI

Answer 1

provided funds for physical improvements, management improvements, and social and community services to address public housing resident needs. HOPE VI provided Public Housing Authorities (PHA) with grants for planning and implementation aimed at the comprehensive revitalization of severely distressed public housing developments. Permitted activities under HOPE VI included the funding of major reconstruction, rehabilitation and other physical improvements, provision of new housing, planning and technical assistance, implementation of community service programs and supportive activities, and planning for any of the previous activities. Housing Authorities that received grants were required to provide supportive services for both original and new residents to obtain self-sufficiency. HOPE VI funds were last awarded in 2010; however, HOPE VI projects are still in the process of completion. Public Housing Agencies that received HOPE VI funding typically selected for-profit and non-profit organizations to develop and own the new projects through a competitive process.

Answer 2

Created under the Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act, the HOME Investment Partnership Program provides funds to finance activities that build, buy, and rehabilitate affordable housing for rental or homeownership, or to provide direct rental assistance to low-income people. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) allocates funds to New York State Homes and Community Renewal (HCR) and New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) for eligible development projects that include: rental projects, homeownership assistance projects, and tenant-based rental assistance projects. Rental projects assisted by the HOME Program are required to remain affordable to low-income households for an applicable regulatory period, the term of which is based on several factors, including the amount of the HOME subsidy and the type of activity funded.

Answer 3

A housing reformer active in the 19th century. In 1899 Jane Addams founded the Hull House in Chicago to provide housing to low-income families.

Answer 4

Matrix management is an organizational structure in which some individuals report to more than one supervisor or leader–relationships described as solid line or dotted line reporting.

Answer 5

- A management audit is an assessment of how well an organization's management team is applying its strategies and resources. - it evaluates whether the management team is working in the interests of shareholders, employees, and the company's reputation. - it does not evaluate individual managers but rather the overall management of the company in its ability to achieve its goals. - The board of directors will hire independent consultants to conduct the management audit rather than use the company's internal audit team. - Once a management audit is complete, the external audit company will provide an entire plan for the board of directors to implement to effect change. A management audit might address such questions as the following: - What organizational structure has been set up by management? - Are there clear lines of reporting or is there confusion? - What are the policies and procedures and are they always in compliance? - What is the state of relations among the employees of the organization? - How does management put together its annual budget? - Are the IT systems kept up-to-date? - How effective is workforce recruitment and retention? - Are there training programs to keep skills current among employees?

Answer 6

A management audit is used to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of management in carrying out its activities. Areas of auditor interest include the nature and quality of management decisions and operating results. A management audit focuses on results, evaluating the effectiveness and suitability of how an organization conducts business. - Undertake an assessment of capacity that will allow you as the manager to adjust performance expectations. - Current employers have complained that they have a hard time attracting quality employees because they cannot afford to purchase houses.

Answer 7

Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are. Management By Objectives term was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book 'The Practice of Management'.

Answer 8

Zero based budgeting assumes that every unit has $0 and then the governing body decides on a series of decision packages that will advance key goals and objectives of the organization.

Answer 9

Planning agencies might be vertically integrated by subject area (e.g., transportation, land use, housing), which is different from organizing by functional approach (e.g., planning, regulations, information systems, investment, policy). Organization by an agency’s legal status would separate legislative functions (e.g., planning, code writing), from quasi-judicial (e.g., regulatory), and enforcement (e.g., permit administration).

Answer 10

Those over 65 use the Internet and e-mail in the smallest portions. A phone or mail survey are more likely to reach seniors, but a mail survey is the most likely to reach the resident and to receive a response. The correct answer is: Mail Survey

Answer 11

Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century

Answer 12

Surveys are good for gaining a generalized understanding of community preferences. For a more comprehensive, in-depth understanding, interviewing neighborhood organizations would be a good approach. Public hearings are unlikely to provide more depth of understanding. Charrettes are aimed at intensive planning and design outcomes. The correct answer is: Interview neighborhood organizations

Answer 13

The Program Evaluation and Review technique is a decision-making tool designed to achieve objectives in which time is a critical factor. This technique is most helpful when time expectations are significant. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) – is a scheduling method that graphically illustrate the interrelationships of project tasks. - PERT is a good choice when precise time estimates are not available for project tasks. - The US Navy developed this technique in the 1950s - PERT Involves the following steps: o Identify specific activities and milestones o Determine the proper sequence of activities o Construct a network diagram o Determine the critical path o Update the chart as the project progresses

Answer 14

Critical Path Method (CPM) – is a project analysis tool that generates a “critical path” through the project tasks. Each project task has a known amount of time to complete and cannot be completed before the previous one is completed. The longest pathway is the critical pathway. PERT and CPM work when the project is of large-scale. Typically, project management software is used to perform this kind of analysis. Over time, these two methods evolved to be considered one method, PERT/CPM.

Answer 15

is a project management method that attempts to find the optimum design solution for a project. The system takes a set of decision variables, within constraints, and generates an optimum design solution

Answer 16

Gantt Chart – chart that focuses on the sequence of tasks necessary for project completion. Each task is represented by a horizontal bar. The x-axis is time. The length of the task bar corresponds to the time it will take. Usually, one task depends on the completion of another. - Developed in 1917 by Charles Gantt

Answer 17

Goals Achievement Matrix (GAM) – is a comprehensive way to evaluate a project. It consists of a project evaluation matrix that includes competeing projects in rows and evaluation criteria in columns. The evaluation criteria are based on various stakeholder groups that may be impacted by the costs or be recipients of the benefits. The matrix shows the anticipated attainment of a project’s goals and the assignment of accomplishing the goal to a group.

Answer 18

A public hearing includes a technical presentation, group Q&A, and a formal transcript. A public meeting is less formal and delineated from other meetings than a public hearing and can take many forms. An open house is looser in structure and does not involve a formal presentation but a series of loose presentations or information displays with one-on-one Q&As between members of the planning department and interested residents. An educational event also includes an informational display and a presentation by the Planning Department to educate the public about a specific topic, but because the goal is education rather than gauging public opinion, there is less dialogue between planners and residents.

Answer 19

Planners have a responsibility to build and maintain trust and goodwill in the communities they serve, but it is also important to keep public meetings controlled. The other choices risk derailing planning meetings, but the correct choice emphasizes the importance of community members without allowing them complete control of the meeting. The correct answer is: personally invite advocates and vocal residents to the meeting to build goodwill.

Answer 20

- A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion Mediation involves a third party, but it is not binding. Mediation can compliment public engagement methods like design charettes. It is a pre-step, before a project reaches the public hearing stage. The idea is to involve a neutral, trained third party to find a solution to a contentious issue. Mediators are trained to make sure people feel heard, discover the parties’ true interests (not just their stated positions), and manage emotions. Mediation starts with everyone agreeing to a set of ground rules. The Mediator guides the conversation. Mediation is most appropriate when maintaining ongoing relationships is important, emotions are high, issues are complex and often not stated explicitly, and novel solutions 9as permitted by law) are useful. It works well in cases involving nonconforming uses, small infill, or business applications that require a conditional use permit. It works well in cases of Nimby opposition. The zoning or planning board needs to have some leeway in decision-making Mediation complements the traditional zoning process. The zoning or planning board maintains full control of the process, but receives proposals that a less combative. Research has shown that mediation can be a significant savings in time and cost. Lawsuits and appeals are minimized. Even if no agreement is reached, mediation can reduce the contentiousness of a debate.

Answer 21

Communities and schools have partnered to share school recreational facilities when school is not operating. This maximizing facility utilization and shares the cost. The correct answer is: School recreational areas

Answer 22

1. The governing body, called variously the city council, board of county commissioners, board of supervisors, town board, or board of freeholders, is the local legislative branch which has most of the power and responsibility for zoning decisions 2. The appointed planning commission is typically advisory to the governing body on zoning matters, although it often has direct or even final authority in the adoption of master plans and the review of subdivisions. 3. board of adjustment or appeals. This board, also appointed by elected officials, commonly considers requests for variances or exceptions to zoning standards. In some states the board of adjustment also interprets unclear provisions of the zoning ordinance and considers appeals from administrative actions, such as denial of a building permit for a zoning related reason. Variances involve minor deviations from specific requirements, most commonly bulk. They typically refer to hardship inherent in the physical characteristics of the land, although they often are misconstrued as alleviation of financial hardship 4. planning staff supports the governing body, planning commission, and zoning board in their zoning functions. Staff manages all aspects of zoning administration, including Revision, implementation, and enforcement. It performs project reviews and provides information to the other three groups as well as to the public. Before a building permit can be issued, staff reviews the proposed structure to ensure that it complies with all zoning requirements. Noncompliance may result in a request for an appeal, a variance, or a rezoning, rezonings or map amendments allow changes to zoning district boundaries or classifications. They occur when a property owner or local government initiates a change. Rezonings are a common occurrence in many communities.

Answer 23

An officially constituted body whose principal duties are to grant variances from the strict application of the zoning code and to grant special exceptions and conditional uses as provided by law. A quasi-judicial body which hears and decides matters relating to the application of the zoning ordinance and considers appeals from the decisions of the zoning administrator and building official and considers variance and special exception applications.

Answer 24

Coalition building, Consensus building, and Conflict resolution.

Answer 25

Program eligibility and funding formulas can be impacted by urban and rural boundaries. However, the Census Bureau does not have an appeal process. Prior to each decennial census, the Census Bureau publishes in the Federal Register proposed criteria for delineating urban areas for public review and comment. The final criteria adopted for application with decennial census and other data to delineate urban areas reflects the comments received through the Federal Register comment process.

Answer 26

The Census Bureau uses the following definition for an urban cluster - Urban Clusters (UCs) of at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.

Answer 27

A perimeter drawn around an urban growth area. The boundary or line marking the limit between the urban growth areas and other areas such as rural and resource areas where urban growth is not encouraged, as designated by the county in consultation with cities, under the requirements of [state law]. Urban growth boundaries provide for an orderly and efficient transition from rural to urban land use. Urban growth boundaries shall be established to identify and separate urbanizable land from rural land. Establishment and change of the boundaries shall be based upon considerations of the following factors: (1) demonstrated need to accommodate long-range urban population growth requirements consistent with LCDC (Land Conservation and Development Commission) goals; (2) need for housing, employment opportunities, and livability; (3) orderly and economic provision for public facilities and services; (4) maximum efficiency of land uses within and on the fringe of the existing urban area; (5) environmental, energy, economic, and social consequences; (6) retention of agricultural land with four levels of priority; (7) compatibility of the proposed urban uses with nearby agricultural activities. A boundary, sometimes parcel-specific, located to mark the outer limit beyond which urban development will not be allowed. It has the aim of discouraging urban sprawl by containing urban development during a specified period, and its location may be modified over time.

Answer 28

is the father of the modern housing code. He was concerned with housing conditions for those who are low income. He produced a Tenement Exhibition with proposals for New York City. He went on to become secretary of the New York State Tenement House Commission and drafted the New York State Tenement House Act of 1901 that established basic housing laws - including fire exits and running water for bathrooms in every tenement.

Answer 29

- Household Pulse Survey (COVID-19) - American Community Survey (ACS) - Current Population Survey (CPS) - National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) - National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)

Answer 30

The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey held an online discussion via an electronic town hall meeting to gain feedback on proposals for the world trade center site redevelopment. The correct answer is: Electronic town hall meeting

Answer 31

An enterprise fund is an account established to manage the revenues and expenditures of a self-sufficient activity such as a golf course, zoo, parking garage, minor league baseball park etc. "Enterprise Funds account for any activity for which a fee is charged to external users for goods or services." -- so that would describe a golf course.

Answer 32

All of these items should be a component of a public outreach strategy intended to reach into communities that could be affected by environmental justice issues. The correct answer is: All of these choices are correct.

Answer 33

An ethical firewall creates a wall between elected officials and the line staff who are charged with administering the regulations of the organization.

Answer 34

In Golden v. Ramapo (1972) the Court of Appeals of New York (the highest court in the state) marked the first time in the U.S. that a town was legally approved to control its own growth. At issue was a planned development system the town adopted in 1969 as a way to effectuate its 1966 master plan. This case was not heard by the supreme court.

Answer 35

Federal law defines a homeless person as one who, "lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence ... and has a primary night residency that is: a shelter or a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings." This definition works well in large urban communities, but is problematic in assessing the status of homeless persons in rural areas where there are few shelters.

Answer 36

The main components of the National Housing Act of 1949 included federal financing for slum clearance programs associated with urban restoration projects in American cities (Title I), increased authorization for the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) mortgage insurance (Title II), and money to build more than 800,000 public houses.

Answer 37

The Mineral King Valley was an undeveloped part of the Sequoia National Forest. Disney won a bid to develop a ski resort. The size the proposed resort would require the construction of a new highway and massive high voltage power lines that would run through the Sequoia National Forest. The Sierra Club filed preliminary and permanent injunctions against federal officials to prevent them from granting permits for the development The district court granted these injunctions. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit overturned the injunctions on the grounds that the Sierra Club did not show that it would be directly affected by the actions of the defendants and therefore did not have standing to sue under the Administrative Procedure Act. Alternatively, the appellate court also held that the Sierra Club had not made an adequate showing of irreparable injury or likelihood of their success on the merits of the case. Did the Sierra Club adequately establish that it had a sufficient stake in the development of the Mineral King Valley to establish standing for a suit under the Administrative Procedure Act? The Sierra Club did not have standing to sue under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) because it failed to show that any of its members had suffered or would suffer injury as a result of the defendants’ actions. the Court held that, in order to have standing to sue under the APA, the plaintiffs must demonstrate they had directly suffered an injury as a result of the actions that led to the suit. a dissenting opinion in which he argued that the standing doctrine should allow environmental organizations such as the Sierra Club to sue on behalf of inanimate objects such as land.

Answer 38

Kelo v. City of New London

Answer 39

allows employees to receive feedback from people they report to, peers, and people that work for employees.

Answer 40

Peter Drucker is associated with MBO. Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees buy into the objectives and understand what they are.

Answer 41

A method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified for each budget period. Zero-based budgeting starts from a "zero base" and every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs. Budgets are then built around what is needed for the upcoming budget year, regardless of whether the budget is higher or lower than the previous one. This method allows for strategic goal implementation and integration into the budgeting process by tying goals to expenditures. Starts the budget each year from scratch Breaks the budget into decision packages Ties decision packages to long range goals

Answer 42

States manage the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program through a state housing finance agency. The state housing agency has wide discretion in determining which projects to award credits, and applications are considered under the state's "Qualified Allocation Plan" (QAP).

Answer 43

Multi-attribute Utility Analysis allows for weighting of a series of values dimensions. For example, participants are given a number of points that can be allocated between the value dimensions or participants can be asked which of two values is more important.

Answer 44

They do not have a direct stake in the outcome of a meeting to help groups that disagree work together to solve complex problems and come to a consensus.

Answer 45

A Metropolitan statistical area is a census designated place that includes a central city plus adjacent communities to which it is linked economically.

Answer 46

Young professionals and Baby Boomers are the key populations moving into cities The Western U.S. is the most urbanized part of the country today Net migration, rather than higher birth rates, is driving the growth of urban areas Only 4 states have a majority rural population: Maine, Vermont, West Virginia and Mississippi

Answer 47

Lindblom’s incrementalism was a critique of rational planning. Lindblom described planning as “muddling through” and thought that practical planning required decisions to be made incrementally. It rests on the idea that practical planning requires decisions to be made in a step-by-step fashion. It was still scientific, although its focus was not efficiency.

Answer 48

rational planning Harvey S. Perloff (1915–1983) was dean of the School of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of California at Los Angeles from 1968 until his death. In 1982, he received the first distinguished planning educator award of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. In the 1950s, Perloff headed the planning school at the University of Chicago. He is known for a series of books, including Planning the Post Industrial City, published by the American Planning Association in 1980. Designated a National Planning Pioneer in 1992.

Answer 49

A non-sampling error relates to happenings during data collection that create unreliable data.

Answer 50

Krumholz is a professor at Cleveland State University, and prior to that time he practiced planning in Ithaca, Pittsburgh and Cleveland. He also served as President of the American Planning Association. Krumholz is known for his work and publications around equity planning. The City of Cleveland, under Director Krumholz, utilized advocacy planning.

Answer 51

Outcome evaluation might involve collecting individual or community level changes in how people engage with each other. Process evaluation involves collecting data in the planning and implementation phases and are done at the beginning and throughout the engagement process. Ripple Effect Mapping is a method used in evaluation to engage key stakeholders in assessing the impact of community engagement.

Answer 52

documents progress, collects feedback and allows for plan revisions as needed.

Answer 53

A fiscal analysis that estimates the average costs of the proposed office development is known as the Proportional Valuation Method. The proportional valuation method examines increases in community revenues and expenditures related to development. Specific expenditures and revenues are allocated to land uses. Costs and revenues are allocated to residential, commercial and industrial land uses in proportion to the share each represents of the total property base as reflected in property value. After costs and revenues are allocated, a current cost per acre by land use type is estimated and this is then applied to the development.

Answer 54

Radburn had a mix of uses and was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright based on the concept of the garden city. Construction began in 1929. It was originally designed for 30,000 people and it called for a mix of uses