Written past questions 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which lymph nodes can you feel in rectal examination of a horse?

A

Mesenteric lns (only if enlarged), cecal ln.

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2
Q

What recess can you find at acute margin of the lung?

A

Recessus costodiaphragmaticus

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3
Q

What are the puncta maxima of the heart?

A

spp - Pulm.tr. - Aorta - LAV - RAV (i.c.)
Eq: 3 (mid D/3) - 4 (5 cm below shoulder) - 4-5 (D/3) - 3-4 (D/5)
Ru: 2-3 (D/3) - 3-4 (2 cm below shoulder) - 4 (D/3) - 3 (D/3)
Ca: 3 (above sternum) - 4 (shoulder level) - 5 (D/3) - 4 (D/3)

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4
Q

Where can you find the cardiac dullness of Ru on the right side?

A

No cardiac dullness. Heart of Ru is covered by lungs on the right side.

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5
Q

What urogenital lig. can be used for orientation during rectal examination of Eq.?

A

Lig. renolienalis

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6
Q

What diverticulum can you feel in rectal examination of Ru?

A

Sub-urethral diverticulum

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7
Q

Which male accessory gland is found around the neck of the bladder of dog?

A

Prostate

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8
Q

Name the lymph node found ventral to paralumbar fossa in horse?

A

Subiliac ln.

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9
Q

Which ln. is found in front of the scapula?

A

Supf. cervical ln.

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10
Q

What are the injection sites for common/profound peroneal n. in Eq and ca?

A
  • Eq: common peroneal: 12-15 cm prox to calcanean tub. in bw. long and lateral digital extensors (nerve can not be palpated at injection point!)
  • Dog: distally in mid way bw. hock and stifle, in the groove bw. long digital extensor and peroneus longus (deep peroneal n.). Second option: block nerve
    where it is palpable at proximal-lateral fibular head (common peroneal n.).
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11
Q

What is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?

A

Eq + dog: at recess of extensor groove (next to tendon of long digital extensor)

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12
Q

Does the perineum cover the cervix?

A

Yes

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13
Q

On which direction run the last limb of duodenum in horse?

A

Short ascending duodenum run cranially from R to L till the duodenojejunal flexure

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14
Q

Where is the dilatation of the colon in the horse located?

A

“Ampula coli” – right dorsal colon (invested within the costal cage)

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15
Q

Efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?

A

Occulomotor n. (III)

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16
Q

What are auscultation / percussion?

A
  • Auscultation: listening, either directly or through a stethoscope, to sounds within the body.
  • Percussion: tapping on surface of part of the body to detect its resonance.
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17
Q

Which sound is the first heart sound?

A

Systolic (closure of the cuspid valves)

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18
Q

Which sound is the second heart sound?

A

Diastolic (closure of semilunar valves)

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19
Q

In which spp. is the stomach is in contact with the wall?

A

Only in Ru

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20
Q

When can’t you hear the heart sound?

A

During inspiration

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21
Q

Which spp. have suburethral diverticulum?

A

Ru. + Su

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22
Q

Where is the esophagus placed in the upper neck?

A

Cervical part - dorsal to trachea and shifts to left on its way to thoracic part.

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23
Q

How many opening of mammary glands in Mare/Cow/Bitch/Cat/Sow/Ov/Cap?

A

Total - thor - abd - ing - openings in each teat

  • Mare: 2 - 0 - 0 - 2 - 2
  • Cow: 4 - 0 - 0 - 4 - 1
  • Bitch: 10 - 4 - 4 - 2 - (8-12)
  • Cat: 8 - 4 - 2 - 2 - (4-5)
  • Sow: 14 - 4 - 6 - 4 - 2
  • Ov/Cap: 2 - 0 - 0 - 2 - 1
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24
Q

Name the patellar ligaments in cattle?

A

Medial, middle, lateral

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25
Q

Dental formula of dog?

A

2*(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M2/3)=42

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26
Q

Dental formula of Eq?

A

2*(I3/3,C1/1,P3(4)/3,M3/3)=40(42)

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27
Q

Dental formula of Ru?

A

2*(I0/4,C0/0,P3/3,M3/3)=32

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28
Q

Dental formula of Su?

A

2*(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M3/3)=44

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29
Q

What is the best place to check pulse in cattle?

A

Coccygeal artery (but also facial and palmar arteries)

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30
Q

Ribs number in the different spp?

A

Ca-13, Eq-18, Ru-13, Su-14

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31
Q

Which nerves are anesthetized when dehorning?

A

Cornual n. (branch of lacrimal – ophthalmic – trigeminal) + C1-C2 (cervical nn.) + N.auricularis caudalis

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32
Q

What is the direction of the hilus of L Kidney in Ru?

A

Dorsal

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33
Q

Pulse taking from MT?

A

From dorsal aspect (cranial tibial artery)

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34
Q

Where is the gall bladder of the dog located?

A

On the R to median plane, bw. quadrate and R medial lobes of liver

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35
Q

Which is the most cranial sound of the heart?

A

Pulmonary valve

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36
Q

Motor innervetion of tongue?

A

Hypoglossal n.

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37
Q

Which nerves supply the skin of head in Eq?

A

Trigeminal: supraorbital (v1), infraorbital (v2), mental (v3), infratrochlear (+truncus facialis), auriculo-temporal (v3)

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38
Q

Direction of the left ventral colon?

A

Caudally

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39
Q

Does the frontal sinus of Ru communicate with the maxillary sinus?

A

No

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40
Q

Which sinus extends into the horns?

A

Frontal sinus

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41
Q

Which nerve is not blocked during palmar digital block?

A

Dorsal ramus.

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42
Q

Facial n. is responsible for?

A

Mimics and facial expression + skin

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43
Q

Can the stomach of dog border with the abdominal wall?

A

Sometimes (when full)

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44
Q

Which kidney is palpable in rectal examination of Eq?

A

Left kidney

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45
Q

Which lameness indicates joints degeneration?

A

Supportive leg lameness (warm up pain)

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46
Q

Which lameness indicates muscles, tendons, ligaments disorder?

A

Swinging leg lameness

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47
Q

Do lateral and medial compartments of Eq stifle joint communicate?

A

No (only in the dog)

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48
Q

Which lig. is attached to joint capsule of the stifle?

A

Medial collateral lig.

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49
Q

Injection point to peronal n. in Eq?

A

12-15 cm proximal to calcaneus, bw. lat. and long digital extensors (nerve not palpable)

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50
Q

How to check bone spavin?

A

Hind limb conformation or hyperextension of the metacarpo/tarsophalangeal joints. Passive flexion of the joint and accentuation of lameness following flexion.

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51
Q

Lung borders of Eq/dog?

A
Level of: Vc Tc Ti Sh
Eq: 17 16 14 9
Ru: 12 11 - 8
Ca: 12 11 10 8
Su: 13 12 9 7
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52
Q

Intravenous injection site of Eq and dog?

A
  • Eq: jugular vein (cephalic?)

- Dog: jugular, saphenous, cephalic veins

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53
Q

Viborg’s triangle borders (area of guttural pouch drainage)?

A

Linguofacial vein, caudal border of mandible, tendon of sternomandibularis

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54
Q

Which are the nerves of palpebrae?

A
  • Afferent – trigeminal (ophthalmic)

- Efferent - facial

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55
Q

Where is the attachment of greater omentum of Ru?

A

Sulcus longitudinalis

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56
Q

Where is the cecum of Eq located?

A

Right side

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57
Q

Which heart wall is most cranial?

A

Right wall (auricular)

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58
Q

Pulse taking in Eq/Ca/Ru?

A

Eq – facial artery
Ca – femoral artery
Ru – coccygeal artery

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59
Q

Which structures lie in the incisura vasorum facialum?

A

Facial vein and artery, parotid duct

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60
Q

Sinus system of Ru?

A

(Separated)

  • Maxillary sinus communicates lacrimal sinus
  • Ethmoidal sinus comunicates sphenoid + frontal
  • Palatine sinus
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61
Q

Spleen location in Ca/Eq/Ru/poultry?

A
  • Dog: Left abdominal wall, emerge behind costal cartilage (10-13 ribs)
  • Eq: 11-17 i.c. on dorsal left, can emerge out of ribs cage when stomach is full (10-18 ribs)
  • Ru: 7/8-13 rib
  • Poultry: left side
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62
Q

Which nerve supply nostrils?

A

Maxillary n. – (infraorbital), ophthalmic n. (nasociliare)

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63
Q

Which mesentery is related to a kidney?

A

Mesoduodenum

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64
Q

Sensory nerves of tongue?

A

Glossophryngeal (IX), Facial (VII), Mandibular – lingual n. (V3)

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65
Q

Position of the descending duodenum?

A

Right side

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66
Q

Position of the reticulum?

A

Left ventral abdominal wall, 7-9 i.c space.

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67
Q

Where can you find the liver of Ru?

A

Right to omasum

68
Q

Which joint is used for high digital block?

A

Fetlock

69
Q

Does tarsocrural and proximal tarsal row communicate?

A

Yes

70
Q

Which features is found in rectal examination of Ru?

A
  • Left: rumen, abomasum (also dislocation), spleen
  • Right: small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, uterus, colon
  • Middle: both kidneys, left ureter, overies
71
Q

Which can be injection site in Ru?

A
  • v. cava caud
  • v. jugularis
  • sinus orbitalis
  • dorsal ear
72
Q

What will be blocked by mandibular nerve block?

A

Salivary glands, mastication mm, lower teeth and lip, tongue.

73
Q

Which nerve must be anesthetized when dehorning?

A
  • n.zygomaticus
  • n.occipitalis
  • n.auriculopalpebral
74
Q

On which side of greater omentum lies the centripetal colon?

A

Lamina visceralis

75
Q

Which facial muscles innervate the trigeminus?

A

Muscles of mastication

76
Q

Which nerve innervates upper palpebra?

A
  • Sensor: maxillary

- Motor: facial

77
Q

What is the difference bw. right and left uterine horns?

A

Right is longer (more cran.)

78
Q

Which structure is cranial to lig. vesicale laterale?

A

The round ligament of bladder (lig. teres vesicae)

79
Q

The major artery of the retina?

A

Central retinal artery – ophthalmic artery – internal carotid artery (The rest of the eyeball is supplied by external ophthalmic art. – maxillary art. – external carotid art.)

80
Q

Which large salivary gland can not be palpated in the dog?

A

Zygomatic gland

81
Q

Which tendon is parallel to the patellar lig?

A

Long digital extensor

82
Q

Which ln. is bw. latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral mm.?

A

Axillary accessory ln.

83
Q

Which sp. have the patellar ln.?

A

Eq

84
Q

Facial n. (VII): is it motor or sensor?

A

Both

85
Q

Which kidney can be palpated by rectal examination of Eq?

A

Caudal pole of left kidney

86
Q

Which inguinal ring can you feel in Eq, under rectal examination?

A

Deep

87
Q

On which side of the greater omentum in Ru is the colon disc found?

A

Visceral laminae

88
Q

Is abomasum is in contact with the abdominal wall?

A

Yes (ventrally)

89
Q

Nerve of facial expression?

A

VII.

90
Q

Which nerves innervate muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal n. (V) - mandibular n. (V3) (masseter, temporalis, buccalis nn.)

91
Q

Do the Rt and Lt recesses of stifle joint communicate in the dog?

A

Yes (also in Ru)

92
Q

N. digitalis palmaris block?

A

R. pulvinus – ventrolateral to coronary band

R. palmaris – half way bw. coffin and pastern joints, on lateral palmar aspect.

93
Q

High digital block?

A

At level of fetlock joint, ventrolateral to prox. sessamoid bone (will block r. dorsalis as well)

94
Q

Distal M.C. block?

A

At level of distal splint bones (4 points block).

95
Q

Proximal M.C. block?

A

Ulnar n. – lateral injection 10 cm ventral to carpal joint.

96
Q

Ulnar n. block?

A

Both dog and Eq: At ulnar groove – bw. extensor and flexor carpi ulnare (10 cm prox. accessory bone)

97
Q

Carpal joint injection in dog?

A

Lateral to accessory cephalic vein (bw. common and lateral digital extensors)

  • Flex carpus and feel the depressions bw. the carpal rows
  • 2 sites:
    1. Prox.intercarpal: on either side of ECR tendon (2 inj.points)
    2. Radio-carpo: on either side of ECR tendon, or bw. EDL and EDC (3 inj. points)
98
Q

Shoulder joint injection in Ca/Eq?

A
  • Ca: in front or behind the tendon of origin of m.infraspinatus
  • Eq: 2 joint cavities
    1. in front of m.infraspinatus tendon (over the greater tubercle)
    2. From tub. deltoidea upwards (up to the bursa of biceps tendon)
99
Q

Injection into digital sheath?

A

Behind (palmar aspect) to m.interosseus, at level of proximal sessamoid.

100
Q

Injection into tarsal joint in Eq?

A

2 injection points:

  1. Tibio-tarsal joint: dorso-medial aspect (bw. tibia and talus)
  2. Tarsal MT joint (more problematic): either medial bw. Tc-T3 or lateral bw. T4-splint bone.
101
Q

Stifle joint injection in Ca/Eq?

A
  • Dog: best over extensor groove of tibia (recess of long digital extensor m.)
  • Eq: 2 injection points:
    1. Medial: bw. medial and intermediate patellar ligaments.
    2. Lateral: extensor groove recess.
102
Q

On which side lies abomasum?

A

Right ventral wall

103
Q

Position of omasum compared to reticulum?

A

Dorso-caudal on the right side

104
Q

Which premolar is the shortest in Eq/Ca?

A

Dog: 1 st , Eq: 2 nd

105
Q

Directions of the ascending colon in Eq?

A

Right vent – sternal flexure – Left vent – pelvic flexure – Left dorsal – diaphragmatic flexure – Right dorsal (ampula coli)

106
Q

Is the stomach in contact with abdominal wall in Eq/Ca/Ru/Su?

A

Eq - no
Dog – no
Ru – yes
Su – yes

107
Q

Which features run in inc. vasorum facialum of goat?

A

V+A facialis, parotid duct

108
Q

Nerve block of paralumbal anesthesia?

A

L1-L2 (iliohypogastric + ilioinguinal)

109
Q

Describe the colon ascendens of Ru?

A

Proximal S shaped loop (towards caud) – in cone shape: centripetal loops (inwards) – central flexure – centrifugal loops (outwards) – distal loop (towards left)

110
Q

Which structure is in front of m.interosseus?

A

Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule

111
Q

Location of for. mandibulae?

A

Medial mandible – at level of occlusal surface in line bw. temporomandibular joint and inc. vasorum facialum (mid way to zygomatic arch)

112
Q

Which side is… (Eq)?

  1. Spleen
  2. Ostium iliocecale
  3. Small intestines (jejunum)
  4. Flexura pelvina
A
  1. Spleen: Left dorsal
  2. Ostium iliocecale: Right ventral
  3. Small intestines (jejunum): Left dorsal
  4. Flexura pelvina: Left caudal
113
Q

Name the carpal bones in Eq/Ca/Ru/Su

A
  • Ca (7): (prox) Ca, Cu, Ci+r, (dist) C1, C2, C3, C4
  • Eq (7): (prox) Ca, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2, C3, C4
  • Pig (8): all bones exist
  • Ru (6): (prox) Ca, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2+3, C4
114
Q

Which are the nn. of nostrils?

A

Trigeminal: ophthalmic n – nasocilliary n.

Maxillary – infraorbital n. – ext/int nasal n.

115
Q

Innervation of optic n.?

A

Retina (special sensor) - Vision, transmission of light (pupillary reflex)

116
Q

Innervation of occulomotor n.?

A

Pupil, dorsal, med and ventral recti mm., ventral oblique m., levator palpebrae m.

117
Q

Innervation of supraorbital n.?

A

Forehead (not present in Ru and Ca)

118
Q

Blood draining in: Eq/Ca/Ru/Su

A

Eq: v. jugularis ext
Ca: v. cephalica + v. saphena
Ru: v. coccygea + v. cava cran
Su: v. auricularis + v. cava cran

119
Q

Location of anesthesia of n. fibularis communis in Eq/Ca?

A
  • Eq: not palpable. on lateral aspect, 15 cm prox to calcanean tub (bw. long and lat. digital extensor mm) (the nerve can be palpated over tub. tibiae - but not inj. point)
  • Dog:
    1. prox. lat. to head of fibula (palpated)
    2. Half way bw. stifle and hock next to saphenous vein (bw. peroneus longus and long dig. ext.)
120
Q

Anesthesia of tibial n.?

A

Proximal to calcaneus, bw. DDF and SDF

121
Q

Anesthesia of median n. in Eq/Ca?

A
  • Eq: medial, prox. to elbow joint (palpable next to chestnut)
  • Dog: medial, distal 1/3 of forearm, bw. FCR and SDF
122
Q

Lobulation of the lungs?

A

All: Left: cran+cau, Right: cran+cau+accessory

  • Accessory is always most medial
  • Eq: simple
  • Dog+su: L: cran pars cran+cau, R: medial (bw. cr+cau)
  • Su+Ru: bronchus trachealis for R. cran lobe
  • Ru: both L+R cran. pars cran+cau
123
Q

Navicular disease?

A

Coffin joint - the deep digital flexor tendon + navicular bursa + sesamoid lig. damage (blood supply problem)

124
Q

In Eq: does the femoropatellar joint capsule communicate with lateral or medial femoro-tibial capsule?

A

Medial

125
Q

From which menisci in dog, does the meniscofemoral lig emerge?

A

Lateral

126
Q

Which problem indicates:

  • Supporting limb lameness?
  • Swinging limb lameness?
A
  • Supporting limb lameness: joint damage

- Swinging limb lameness: muscle + tendons damage

127
Q

How to treat “club hoof”?

A

Cut lig accessories (or only supf digital flex)

128
Q

How to treat bone spavin?

A

Transect cunean tendon of tibialis cran.

129
Q

On which side of mesentery lies the centripetal colon?

A

Left

130
Q

Where does the omasum lie?

A

Dorsal to reticulum, covered by omentum, faces liver on right side.

131
Q

Innervation of the head in Eq?

A
  • Eyes: abduscent + trochlear + occulomotor (motors) + optic (sensor)
  • Muscles: Trigeminal (motor to mastication and sensor to skin) + facial (mimics) vagus + glossopharyngeal + hypoglossal + C1-2
132
Q

Where can you find the head of cecum in Eq?

A

On the right side (apex at sternum, base at fossa paralumbalis)

133
Q

What does the pre-tracheal fascia not covers?

A

The common carotid artery

134
Q

Eruption of Di2 in Eq?

A

6 weeks (1-2 month)

135
Q

What appears on lingual surface of cup, after some time of wear?

A

Dental spot (dentin)

136
Q

Which nerve block does not anasthetise the dorsal side of foot?

A

Palmar n. block

137
Q

What is bone spavin?

A

Degeneration of tarsus. Bony growth within lower hock of horse/cattle, caused by osteoarthritis.

138
Q

Which nerve is found bw. the 2 heads of the flexors of ulna?

A

N.ulnaris

139
Q

Which lymphnodes are found bw. the legs of dog?

A

Inguinal (mammary/scrotal)

140
Q

What is relative cardiac dullness?

A

The heart is not totally in contact with thoracic wall – covered partly by lung.

141
Q

The lingual surface is _______ than the buccal surface of premolar teeth.

A

(Lower)

142
Q

Is the cervix covered by peritoneum?

A

No

143
Q

Which vessels contribute to thoracic mammary glds?

A

Internal thoracic + pudenda externa (- supf epigastric – rr. mammary)

144
Q

Folds of rumen?

A

Villi. Right + left accessory grooves, dors+vent coronary grooves, cran+caud grooves, ruminoreticular groove.

145
Q

Cranial nerve IX – motor, sensor or mixed?

A

Mixed

146
Q

What does the greater omentum of Ru cover?

A
  • Lamina visceralis – ascending colon, jejunum

- Lamina parietalis – liver, spleen, kidney

147
Q

Afferent nerves to palpebrae?

A

V – ophthalmic – frontalis

VII – auriculopapebral

148
Q

Where is the hilus of left kidney in Ru?

A

Dorsal

149
Q

The gall bladder of dog – on which side?

A

Right (bw. R medial and quadrate lobes of liver)

150
Q

Which organ can you find on the right to omasum?

A

Liver

151
Q

Which joint is blocked by distal MC block?

A

Fetlock + pastern + coffin

152
Q

On which direction runs the left ventral colon?

A

Caudally

153
Q

How does the sigmoid flexure of bull relate to the deferent duct?

A

It is caudo-ventral to ductus deferens

154
Q

I.c. space of reticulum?

A

6-8

155
Q

Which nerve is anesthetized when injecting to L2?

A

Paralumbar nn.

156
Q

Which structure attaches patella in its fossa (locking patella)?

A

Tub. trochlea

157
Q

Where is the crop located?

A

Right

158
Q

Unpaired air-sacs?

A

Interclavicular

159
Q

Which ligament suspends the female organs?

A

The broad lig (mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium)

160
Q

Where to puncture the medial femorotibial joint?

A

Bw. med and middle patellar ligaments

161
Q

Position of RAV in Ru?

A

3 rd ic. space (on the right)

162
Q

Which tendon runs under lat-collat lig of stifle?

A

Popliteal tendon

163
Q

Direction of the ilium in Eq?

A

From L to R

164
Q

Which are the recesses of the lung?

A

Mediastinal, costodiaphragmatic, copula

165
Q

Which structure in dog should be considered while draining CSF from cisterna magna?

A

The proc. spinosus of the axis bone (projects cranially over the atlas)

166
Q

Which nerve run with the cephalic v.?

A

Supf. radial

167
Q

Where is the injection point for the gall bladder in Ru, Eq?

A

Ru: 10 i.c. space, Eq: have no gall bladder.