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Topographic Anatomy > Written mpq past q 2 > Flashcards

Written mpq past q 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Joint injections: tarsus (Eq)

A
  1. injections:
  2. Tarsocrural (comm. w. prox. intertarsal) - dorsomedial bw tibia and talus. Needle is inserted 4cm dist. to the medial malleolus, on the med/lat aspect of saphenous v.
  3. Dist. intertarsal: needle is inserted 1,5cm dist. to the line bw. the med. eminence of talus and the med. eminence of Tc. (may comm. w. the tarsometatarsal joint, but never w. the prox. intertarsal joint)
  4. Tarsometatarsal (comm. w. dist. intertarsal in 30% of horses): needle is inserted prox. to the head of the lat. splintbone (Mt4), bw. Mt4 and T4
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2
Q

Joint injections: stifle (Eq)

A

Femoropatellar sac:

  • Lateral: joint recess of extensor groove (recessus subextensorius). Needle is inserted bw. lat. patellar lig. and tendon of EDL
  • Cranial: bw medial and intermediate patellar ligaments, 4cm prox. to the tibial tuberosity
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3
Q

Joint injections: Fetlock (Eq)

A

Two options:

  1. Through dorsal recess: lat or med to extensor tendon (EDC), prox. to the joint
  2. Through palmar recess (better): bw cannon bone and m.interosseu, dist. to the lateral splint bone
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4
Q

Joint injections: stifle (ca)

A

Make a cross bw patellar ligament and lat collat lig, above meniscus and behind long dig ext tendon

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5
Q

Nerve blocks: common peroneal (Eq)

A

Lateral aspect, 12 cm prox to tuber calcanei btw long and lat dig extensors (not palpable)

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6
Q

Nerve blocks: common and deep peroneal (ca)

A
  • Common: Feel nerve on the head of fibula, inject just distal to it
  • Deep peroneal: groove btw long dig extensor and peroneus longus, halfway btw stifle and tarsus (watchout for saphenous vein)
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7
Q

Pulsetaking: metatarsal

A

Dorsal pedal artery

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8
Q

Pulsetaking: Eq/ca/Ru

A

Eq- facial
Ca- femoral
Ru- coccygeal artery

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9
Q

Blooddrawing IV: Ru/Eq/ca

A

Ru- vena cava cran, v.jugularis
Eq- external jugular
Ca- external juguarl, cephalic ,saphenous

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10
Q

Ractal exam: Can you palpate the spermatic cord in Eq?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Ractal exam: Which kidney can you palpate in Eq?

A

Caudal part of left kidney

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12
Q

Ractal exam: Which inguinal ring can you feel in Eq?

A

Deep

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13
Q

Ractal exam: Which diverticulum can you feel in Ru?

A

Suburethral

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14
Q

Ractal exam: what can you find in a rectal examination of Ru?

A
  • Left- rumen, abomasum, spleen
  • Middle- kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
  • Right- small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, uterus, colon
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15
Q

Does the perineum cover the cervix?

A

No

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16
Q

Does the peritoneum cover the cervix?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Does the mediastinum cover the cervix?

A

No

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18
Q

Where is descending duodenum?

A

Right

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19
Q

Direction of ascending duodenum?

A

Cranially on left

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20
Q

Difference btw right and left uterine horns?

A

Right is longer/more cranial, left is looser (longer suspension)

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21
Q

What is cranial to lig viscae lateralis?

A

Lig teres vesicae

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22
Q

Eq: Which portion of left kidney in greater mesentery?

A

Dorsal

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23
Q

Eq: How does the colon travel?

A

R ventral - sternal flexure - L ventral - pelvic flexure - L dorsal - diaphragmatic flexure - R dorsal - ampulla

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24
Q

Eq: Where is the spleen?

A

Left dorsal cranial

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25
Q

Eq: Where is the ostium ileocecale?

A

Right mid ventral (7cm down and cranial to tuber coxae)

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26
Q

Eq: Where is the small intestines?

A

Left dorsal caudal

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27
Q

Eq: Where is the pelvic flexure?

A

Left caudoventral btw left ventral and left dorsal loops

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28
Q

Eq: Where is the caecum?

A

Right dorsal apex at sternum and base at paralumbar fossa

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29
Q

Eq: Which direction does the ileum go?

A

Left to right

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30
Q

Eq: How many ligaments of bladder?

A

3

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31
Q

Ru: Where is the omasum?

A

Dorsal to reticulum, covered by omentum, facies liber on right, above abomasum

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32
Q

Ru: Where is the abomasum?

A

Right ventral

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33
Q

Ru: Where is the rumen?

A

Fills left side

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34
Q

Ru: Where is the left kidney?

A

Retroperitoneal, caudal to right kidney, in midline.

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35
Q

Ru: Where is the greater momentum attached?

A

On rumen, along sulcus longitudinalis sin, caud, and longitudinalis dext

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36
Q

Ru: Where is the reticulum?

A

Left ventral abdominal wall, 6-9 (debated) ic space, directly ventral to cardia, against sternum

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37
Q

Ru: Where is the liver?

A

Right of reticulum and omasum

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38
Q

Ru: What do you find at the female urethra?

A

Suburethral diverticulum

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39
Q

Ru: What is the direction of the hills of left kidney?

A

Dorsal

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40
Q

Ru: What is the position of omasum relative to reticulum?

A

Dorsal/caudal/dext

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41
Q

Ru: What is in contact with the right of the omasum?

A

Liver

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42
Q

Ru: What is caudal to the omasum?

A

Abomasum

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43
Q

Ru: What is the position of the sigmoid flexure of the colon relative to the deferent duct?

A

Caudal

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44
Q

Ru: On which side of the greater momentum is the colon desc?

A

Lamina visceralis

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45
Q

Ru: On which side of the greater momentum is the colon centripetalis?

A

Lamina visceralis

46
Q

Ru: What organs are around the greater momentum?

A
  • Visceral: colon, jejunum.

- Parietal: liver, spleen, kidney

47
Q

Ru: Is the abomasum in contact with abdominal wall?

48
Q

Ru: Describe the ascending colon?

A

ansa proximalis (cau) -> gyri centripetalis -> flexura centralis -> gyri centrifugalis -> ansa distalis (cran)

49
Q

Ru: Folds of the rumen?

A

Villi or papillae

50
Q

Ca: Which male accessory gland is at the neck of the bladder?

51
Q

Ca: Where is the gall bladder?

A

Btw right medial and quadrate lobes

52
Q

Ca: Does stomach contact abdominal wall?

A

Only when full

53
Q

Ca: is cervix intra or retroperitoneal?

54
Q

Which ligament is attached to joint capsule of stifle?

A

Medial collateral

55
Q

Do tarsocrural and proximal tarsal communicate?

56
Q

If you insert a pin to the tuber clacanei which tendons do you go through?

A

Gastrocnemius and SDF

57
Q

Eq: Which ligaments attach the patella?

A

Medial and intermediate

58
Q

Eq: Which meniscus is not attached to femur?

A

Medial (lat has meniscofemoral lig.)

59
Q

Eq: Which femorotibial capsule communicates with the femoropatellar capsule?

60
Q

Eq: How do you treat club hoof?

A

Cut accessory ligament of DDF or SDF tendon

61
Q

Eq: What is bone spavin and how to treat it?

A

Tarso-metatarsal ankylosis. Cut medial tendon of insertion of tibialis cranialis

62
Q

Eq: What is arthrotomy of the fetlock joint?

A

Removal of apical sesamoids fracture

63
Q

Eq: Which lameness indicates joint degeneration?

A

Supportive leg lameness

64
Q

Eq: Which lameness indicates muscle, tendon or ligament damage?

A

Swinging leg lameness

65
Q

Eq: Do lat and med stifle capsule communicate?

66
Q

Eq: How do you check bone spavin?

A

Flex tarsus for a while, if lameness worsens is bone spavin

67
Q

Eq: If tuber calcanei is fractured what cant be done?

A

Extension of hock

68
Q

Ru: Name the patellar ligaments?

A

Lateral, medial, intermediate

69
Q

Ru: Do lat and med stifle capsule communicate?

70
Q

Ca: Do lat and med stifle capsule communicate?

71
Q

Where can you find the cardiac dullness in Ru/Eq/Ca?

A

Ru- only left, 3-4 ic space
Eq- left 3-5, right 4-5
Ca - left 4-6, right 4-5

72
Q

Relative dullness?

A

1-2cm in small animals, 3-4cm in large

73
Q

what is relaive dullness?

A

where the heart is partly covered by lungs, not in contact with thoracic wall

74
Q

what recess surrounds margo acutus of lungs?

A

costodiaphragmatic

75
Q

what is the role of recesses?

A

fluid traps.

76
Q

which heart wall is more cranial?

77
Q

Ca: which heart sound is more cranial?

A

pulmonary trunk (3rd ic, sternum)

78
Q

Where is the oesophagus?

A

dorsal to trachea in neck, then falls to left in thorax

79
Q

Eq: which sinus does not communicate with maxillary sinus?

80
Q

Eq: which concha connects to frontal sinus?

81
Q

Eq: Is the maxillary sinus divided?

A

yes by septum into rost and caud and partly by infraorbital canal into lat and med.

82
Q

Ru: which sinus extends into the horns?

A

frontal (into recessus cornualis)

83
Q

Ru: describe the sinus system

A
  • separated into ventral and dorsal systems
  • maxillary does not communicate with frontal!
  • frontal is divided by septum into rost and caud.
  • Lacrimal+Maxillary+Palatine -> Middle nasi meatus
  • Frontal+Sphenoid+Conchal -> Ethmoidal
84
Q

innervation of II?

A

optic nerve- retina

85
Q

efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?

A

oculomotor (III)

86
Q

afferent nerve of pupillary reflex?

A

optic (II)

87
Q

innervation of III oculomotor ?

A

dors vent and med rectus mm
vent oblique
levator palpebralis
sphincter pupillae

88
Q

facial nerve is for?

A

facial expression mm, sensory to skin, special sensory to tongue via chorda tympani

89
Q

nerves of palpaebrae?

A

afferent- trigeminal (ophthalmic), efferent- facial

90
Q

nerves of nostrils?

A

maxillary- infraorbital, caudal nasal. ophthalmic- nasociliary

91
Q

sensory nerves of tounge?

A

glossopharyngeal (ix), facial (vii), mandibular (v3)

92
Q

motor of toungue?

A

hypoglossal (xii)

93
Q

what is blocked by mandibular nerve block?

A

salivary glands, mastication mm, lower teeth, lower lip, tongue, part of external ear

94
Q

muscular innervation of trigeminal?

A

mastication

95
Q

Eq: Innervation of the head?

A

Eyes: abducent, trochlear, oculomotor, optic.
Muscles: trigeminal, facial
Mouth: vagus, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal
or: infraorbital, supraorbital, infratrochlear, mental, facial, auriculotemporal

96
Q

Ru: Which nerve should be anaesthetised when dehorning?

A
  • zygomatic (V2) -> zygomatictemporal -> cornual
  • auriculopalpebral (VII)
  • auricular (caudal ex.VII->auriculopalpebral, rost. ex.V3->auriculotemporal)
  • C1 and C2
97
Q

Which species have patellar lymph node?

98
Q

which species have suburethral diverticulum?

99
Q

what is auscultation and percussion?

A

auscultation- listening with ear or stethoscope

percussion- tapping to hear resonance/dullness

100
Q

what is the first heart sound?

A

closure of AV valves, systole

101
Q

what is the second heart sound?

A

closure of semilunar valves, diastole

102
Q

when can’t you heart heart sounds?

A

inspiration

103
Q

when can you hear them?

A

expiration

104
Q

blood supply of retina?

A

ophthalmic artery from internal carotid

105
Q

what lymphnode is between latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral?

A

accessory axillary

106
Q

Eq: when does Di2 erupt?

107
Q

borders of viborg’s triangle?

A

area of guttural pouch drainage- linguofacial vein, caudal border of mandible, tendon of m.sternomandibularis

108
Q

what structures are in incisura vasorum facialum?

A

facial a and v, parotid duct

109
Q

Ca: what large salivary gland can not be palpated?

110
Q

Vertebrae in Ca/Eq/Ru/Su

A

Ca: 7c 13th 7l 3s (13 ribs)
Eq: 7c 18th 6l 5s (18 ribs)
Ru: 7c 13th 6l 5s (13 ribs)
Su: 7c 14-15th 6l 4s (14-15 ribs)

111
Q

Dental formula in Ca/Eq/Ru/su

A 
Ca: 42
3.1.4.2
3.1.4.3
Eq: 40(42)
3.1.3(2).3. (if 4th premolar is present, it is called lupinus)
3.1.3.3.
Ru: 32
0.0.3.3.
3.0.3.3.
Su: 44
3.1.4.3.
3.1.4.3.
112
Q

Eq: what communicates with caud maxillary?

A

conchofrontal and sphenopalatine

Topographic Anatomy (6 decks)

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