Writing: connectives and cohesive devices

Question 1

(used to add information) also and more importantly:

The whole report is badly written. M……, it’s inaccurate.

He enjoys selling and, ……, is good at it.

She alleged, ….., that the two of them had met before

Answer 1

(used to add information) also and more importantly:

The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it’s inaccurate.

He enjoys selling and, moreover, is good at it.

She alleged, moreover, that the two of them had met before

Question 2

Synonym for moreover (3)

Answer 2

in addition (to)

furthermore formal

as well (as)

Question 3

in addition; more importantly:

The house is beautiful. F…., it’s in a great location.

I don’t know what happened to Roberto, and ….., I don’t care.

Answer 3

in addition; more importantly:

The house is beautiful. Furthermore, it’s in a great location.

I don’t know what happened to Roberto, and furthermore, I don’t care.

Question 4

despite what has just been said or done:

There are serious problems in our country. N…., we feel this is a good time to return.

Despite being younger than the others, Smith was …. a valuable member of the team.

Answer 4

despite what has just been said or done:

There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.

Despite being younger than the others, Smith was nonetheless a valuable member of the team.

Question 5

Security at the event has been tightened since last year. ….., about 1000 managed to get in without tickets.

Answer 5

Security at the event has been tightened since last year. Nonetheless, about 1000 managed to get in without tickets.

Question 6

Synonym of nonetheless (3)

Answer 6

however

still

yet

Question 7

still; until the present time:

I haven’t spoken to her …..

He hasn’t finished …..

“Are you ready?” “Not …. - wait a minute.”

Answer 7

still; until the present time:

I haven’t spoken to her yet.

He hasn’t finished yet.

“Are you ready?” “Not yet - wait a minute.”

Question 8

(and) despite that; used to add something that seems surprising because of what you have just said:

simple … effective

He’s overweight and bald, (and) …. somehow, he’s attractive.

Answer 8

(and) despite that; used to add something that seems surprising because of what you have just said:

simple yet effective

He’s overweight and bald, (and) yet somehow, he’s attractive.

Question 9

that is the reason or explanation for (formal):

His mother was Italian, … his name - Luca.

He’s just got a pay rise, …. the new car.

She’s just found out she failed her exams, …. her bad mood.

Answer 9

that is the reason or explanation for (formal):

His mother was Italian, hence his name - Luca.

He’s just got a pay rise, hence the new car.

She’s just found out she failed her exams, hence her bad mood.

Question 10

with this result (formal): thus

They planned to reduce staff and ….. to cut costs.

Exercise made us more hungry and … our food supplies ran out.

Answer 10

with this result (formal): thus

They planned to reduce staff and thus to cut costs.

Exercise made us more hungry and thus our food supplies ran out.

Question 11

This plan will reduce waste, and …. cut costs.

Answer 11

This plan will reduce waste, and thus cut costs.

Question 12

consequently?

I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.

Answer 12

as a result:

I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.

Question 13

All the shops were closed, and ….. we couldn’t buy any food.

Answer 13

All the shops were closed, and consequently we couldn’t buy any food.

Question 14

The company is trying to reduce its costs; ….., staff who leave are not being replaced.

Answer 14

The company is trying to reduce its costs; consequently, staff who leave are not being replaced.

Question 15

I was very worried, and ….. I couldn’t concentrate.

Answer 15

I was very worried, and consequently I couldn’t concentrate.

Question 16

notwithstanding ?

Notwithstanding some members’ objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan.

Answer 16

despite the fact or thing mentioned:

Notwithstanding some members’ objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan.

Question 17

Injuries ….., the team won the semifinal.

Answer 17

Injuries notwithstanding, the team won the semifinal.

Question 18

accordingly ?

When we receive your instructions we will act accordingly.

Answer 18

in a way that is suitable or right for the situation:

When we receive your instructions we will act accordingly.

Question 19

She’s an expert in her field, and is paid ……

Answer 19

She’s an expert in her field, and is paid accordingly.

Question 20

conversely ?

Poor health is accepted as an attribute of normal ageing. Conversely, youth is depicted as a time of vitality and good health.

Answer 20

in an opposite way:

Poor health is accepted as an attribute of normal ageing. Conversely, youth is depicted as a time of vitality and good health.

Question 21

The staff of any organisation are its best ambassadors or …. may be its worst.

Answer 21

The staff of any organisation are its best ambassadors or conversely may be its worst.

in an opposite way

Question 22

Are there any parts of your story that you’re particularly proud of, or ….., any where you think it really didn’t work?

Answer 22

Are there any parts of your story that you’re particularly proud of, or conversely, any where you think it really didn’t work?

Question 23

People who are driven to climb corporate ladders have parents who believe ladder climbing is important. ……, people who search in their careers for stability and structure acquire these values in their childhood.

Answer 23

People who are driven to climb corporate ladders have parents who believe ladder climbing is important. Conversely, people who search in their careers for stability and structure acquire these values in their childhood.

Question 24

former ?

his former wife

Answer 24

of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past:

his former wife

Question 25

The luxury apartments are in a ….. factory.

Answer 25

The luxury apartments are in a former factory.

Question 26

in a way that is imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true:

Any electronic voting system is …… hackable.

…… speaking, caffeine does affect circulation.

Answer 26

in a way that is imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true:

Any electronic voting system is hypothetically hackable.

Hypothetically speaking, caffeine does affect circulation.

Question 27

in a way that is imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true:

….., partisan election judges could allow in voters from their own party while barring others.

Answer 27

in a way that is imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true:

Hypothetically, partisan election judges could allow in voters from their own party while barring others.

Question 28

used to show that you think something is obvious or certain:

The accident was …. the lorry driver’s fault.

….., you should tell her the truth.

Answer 28

used to show that you think something is obvious or certain:

The accident was clearly the lorry driver’s fault.

Clearly, you should tell her the truth.

Question 29

also or in addition:

…., we request a deposit of $200 in advance.

You can leave your pension in the fund, and …. contribute to a personal pension.

Answer 29

also or in addition:

Additionally, we request a deposit of $200 in advance.

You can leave your pension in the fund, and additionally contribute to a personal pension.

Question 30

also

…., there are excellent photos in each chapter.

Answer 30

also

Additionally, there are excellent photos in each chapter.

Question 31

strangely; in a way that is unusual:

…., there didn’t seem to be a bank in the town.

Answer 31

strangely; in a way that is unusual:

Curiously, there didn’t seem to be a bank in the town.

Question 32

strangely; in a way that is unusual:

….., the same information appeared 20 months later.

Answer 32

strangely; in a way that is unusual:

Curiously, the same information appeared 20 months later.

Question 33

strangely:

….. enough, they never explained why they arrived an hour early.

Answer 33

strangely:

Curiously enough, they never explained why they arrived an hour early.

Question 34

in a way that makes you feel disappointed:

The team played very …..

It was a ….. dull film.

Answer 34

in a way that makes you feel disappointed:

The team played very disappointingly.

It was a disappointingly dull film.

Question 35

in a way that makes you feel disappointed:

….., he did not do much more than expected.

Answer 35

in a way that makes you feel disappointed:

Disappointingly, he did not do much more than expected.

Question 36

in a way that is very surprising:

She did ….. well in her exams.

….., I’ve never visited the British Museum in all the years I’ve lived here.

Answer 36

in a way that is very surprising:

She did astonishingly well in her exams.

Astonishingly, I’ve never visited the British Museum in all the years I’ve lived here.

Question 37

in a way that is very surprising:

Even as a child he was …. inventive.

Answer 37

in a way that is very surprising:

Even as a child he was astonishingly inventive.

Question 38

in a similar way:

The children were …. dressed.

Cars must stop at red traffic lights: ….., bicycles have to stop too.

Answer 38

in a similar way:

The children were similarly dressed.

Cars must stop at red traffic lights: similarly, bicycles have to stop too.

Question 39

I was brought up to be polite. ……, I have tried to teach my own children good manners.

Answer 39

I was brought up to be polite. Similarly, I have tried to teach my own children good manners.

Question 40

in a way that shows feelings of doubt:

“Are you telling me the truth?” he asked ……

Jamie looked at her ….., wanting to believe he

Answer 40

in a way that shows feelings of doubt:

“Are you telling me the truth?” he asked doubtfully.

Jamie looked at her doubtfully, wanting to believe he

Question 41

wanting to have good effects, but sometimes having bad effects that were not expected:

[before noun] ……. development projects can have unintended negative effectson population control.

Answer 41

wanting to have good effects, but sometimes having bad effects that were not expected:

[before noun] Well-intentioned development projects can have unintended negative effectson population control.

Question 42

wanting to have good effects, but sometimes having bad effects that were not expected:

The attempt to introduce healthy food to the school cafeteria was …..

Answer 42

wanting to have good effects, but sometimes having bad effects that were not expected:

The attempt to introduce healthy food to the school cafeteria was well-intentioned.

Question 43

to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat:

The town finally ….. last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than two months.

I’m afraid I …..to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake.

Answer 43

to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat:

The town finally succumbed last week after being pounded with heavy artillery for more than two months.

I’m afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake.

Question 44

to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat:

I felt sure it would only be a matter of time before he …… to my charms.

Answer 44

to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat:

I felt sure it would only be a matter of time before he succumbed to my charms.

Question 45

She ….. to temptation and had a second helping of ice cream.

Answer 45

She succumbed to temptation and had a second helping of ice cream.

Question 46

(often used in newspapers) to get rid of something you do not need or want:

900 jobs will be …. over the next few months.

Psychotherapy helped him to … some of his insecurity/inhibitions.

Answer 46

(often used in newspapers) to get rid of something you do not need or want:

900 jobs will be shed over the next few months.

Psychotherapy helped him to shed some of his insecurity/inhibitions.

Question 47

I’m going on a diet to see if I can ….. (= become thinner by losing) a few pounds.

Answer 47

I’m going on a diet to see if I can shed (= become thinner by losing) a few pounds.

Question 48

a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want:

After a couple of drinks he lost his ….. and started talking and laughing loudly.

She was determined to shed her ….. and have a good time.

Answer 48

a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want:

After a couple of drinks he lost his inhibition and started talking and laughing loudly.

She was determined to shed her inhibitions and have a good time.

Question 49

always:

The train is ….. late.

Answer 49

always:

The train is invariably late.

Question 50

(always)

There’s no point in rushing – she’s ….. late.

High blood pressure is almost ….. accompanied by high blood cholesterol.

Answer 50

There’s no point in rushing – she’s invariably late.

High blood pressure is almost invariably accompanied by high blood cholesterol.

Question 51

likely to suffer from an illness or show a particular negative characteristic:

I’ve always been …… to headaches.

He was ….. to depression even as a teenager.

Answer 51

likely to suffer from an illness or show a particular negative characteristic:

I’ve always been prone to headaches.

He was prone to depression even as a teenager.

Question 52

likely to experience a particular problem more often than is usual:

accident-…..

injury-…..

Answer 52

likely to experience a particular problem more often than is usual:

accident-prone

injury-prone

Question 53

something that makes you suffer:

Malnutrition is one of the common ….. of the poor.

Answer 53

something that makes you suffer:

Malnutrition is one of the common afflictions of the poor.

Question 54

If a problem or illness ….. a person or thing, they suffer from it:

It is an illness that …. women more than men.

a country …. by civil war

Answer 54

If a problem or illness afflicts a person or thing, they suffer from it:

It is an illness that afflicts women more than men.

a country afflicted by civil war