Writing Flashcards
the analytical sequence
- line number
- label
- quoted example “ “
- who + what (line-level anlysis)
- link CRP (text-level analysis)
ttCRAPfTt
text type
context
register
audiences
purposes
function
tenor
tone
What are the two parts of context?
situational and cultural
What is situational context?
field, tenor, mode, setting (where), text type
What is cultural context?
what the text is about / relevant topics
values, attitudes and beliefs of the speaker and/or audience
What is register?
formality of a text
What is tenor?
the relationship between the participants
(the participants is anyone interacting with the text - i.e. a reader, a viewing audience, the actual interlocutors)
how do you write about social distance?
INCREASE or DECREASE social distance
how do you write about tenor?
BUILD a CLOSER/MORE DISTANT tenor
What does RET stand for (register)?
relationships
expectations
tone
tone words - casual (7)
- casual
- friendly
- laidback
- relatable
- encouraging
- conversational
- light-hearted
tone words - passionate (5)
- passionate
- excited
- enthusiastic
- spirited
- animated
tone words - direct (6)
- direct
- matter-of-fact
- professional
- authoritative
- serious
- business-like
tone words - negative (5)
- scathing
- indignant
- critical
- aggressive/angry
- intimidating
tone words - humorous (6)
- humorous
- comedic
- amusing
- witty
- playful
- tongue-in-cheek
tone words - warm (5)
- warm
- inviting
- sympathetic
- compassionate
- sincere
10 common purposes
- to establish/build identity
- to include/exclude
- to inform, instruct, guide, describe, clarify, educate, obfuscate, obstruct
- to inquire, question, challenge
- to promote, advertise, sell
- to persuade, compel
- to build rapport, close social distance, relate socially, share a story, encourage intimacy, show solidarity
- to vilify, target, avoid
- to negotiate social taboo
- to establish expertise, reinforce authority
RET - ‘relationships’ words
- host, role
- status, power, experience, qualification, expert, authority
- intimate, close, familiar, established relationship
- strangers, acquaintance
- private/public
- build rapport, close social distance
- connection
- in-group, out-group
- mutual
RET - ‘expectations’ words
- conventional, expected, formulaic, standard, regular, customary, norm, typical, status quo
- conform, follow, observe, enforce
- subvert, disrupt, defy, reject, breach, oppose
- unconventional, unorthodox, irregular
- innovative, playful, creative
- appropriate
SPOKEN text
3 “go-to” context features
(not necessarily the best but an easy win)
- turn-taking (if a dialogue)
- non-fluency features (if present)
- semantic field
SPOKEN text
3 “go-to” register features
(not necessarily the best but an easy win)
- lexical choice
(jargon, elevated lexemes, high-frequency lexemes, euphemism, dysphemism etc.) - syntax which affects density
(fragments, passive voice, subordination) - connected speech processes
(sound substitution, assimilation, elision, vowel reduction etc.)
SPOKEN text
3 “go-to” purpose/function features
(not necessarily the best but an easy win)
- connotation + word class
(e.g. adjectives, modal verbs, pronouns) - sentence type
- prosodics (esp. stress)
coherence words
- formatting / layout / consistency / conventions / logical order / inference
- signpost / navigate / understand / direct at discourse level
register - labels
- formal / relatively formal / relatively informal / informal
- Casual / Consultative / Public / Intimate / Technical / Academic
