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11Lang - metalanguage > Word classes > Flashcards

Word classes Flashcards

1
Q

Nouns

A
  1. plural
  2. determiner (the ____)
  3. can be described by adjectives
  4. person, place, thing, feeling
  5. common endings -tion, -er, -ism, -ment, -dom, -ance etc.
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2
Q

Verbs (lexical/main)

A
  1. tense
  2. must be one in each clause
  3. common suffixes -ise, -use
  4. action, feeling, state
  5. what is happening in the sentence?
    CHECK: not all lexical verbs change tense
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3
Q

Adjectives

A
  1. describe nouns (should be able to draw an arrow to the noun it describes)
  2. common endings -ic, -al, -able, -ful, - y, -ive
  3. can come before OR after the noun
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4
Q

Adverbs

A
  1. time, manner, place, frequency, degree (when, where, how, how much, how often)
  2. some end -ly
  3. when in doubt = adverb
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5
Q

Interjections

A

have emotional meaning that stands outside of the sentence

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6
Q

Which word class can be made plural?

A

noun

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7
Q

Which word class can change to show tense?

A

verb

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8
Q

Which word class describes nouns?

A

adjective

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9
Q

Which word class is used to show how much?

A

adverb

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10
Q

These are common endings for which word class? -tion, -cian, -sion, -ment, -ance

A

noun

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11
Q

What are the open class words?

A

noun, verb, adjective, adverb, interjection

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12
Q

What other name is used for open class words?

A

content words

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13
Q

Why are they known as open class words?

A

because they can add new members

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14
Q

List all 11 word classes.

A

noun, verb, adjective, adverb, interjection, pronoun, preposition, determiner, conjunction, auxiliary verb, modal verb

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15
Q

What are the closed class words?

A

determiner, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, auxiliary verb, modal verb

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16
Q

What other name is used for closed class words?

A

function words

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17
Q

Why are they known as closed class words?

A

they can’t readily or easily accept new members

18
Q

Why are they known as content words?

A

they provide ‘real-world’ meaning

19
Q

Why are they known as function words?

A

they provide grammatical meaning

20
Q

What are the golden rules for finding word classes?

A
  1. no 100% of the time rules
  2. always look in context
  3. apply multiple tests
21
Q

Determiners

A
  1. the / a / an
  2. come before a noun
  3. provide grammatical information about the noun
22
Q

Pronouns

A
  1. REPLACE a noun
  2. often, can draw an arrow to the noun it replaces
23
Q

Prepositions

A
  1. Show relationship between nouns
  2. Often come before a noun
  3. Sometimes come after a verb
  4. Do not change form
24
Q

Common prepositions

A

on, in, under, above, through, below, to, of, with, at, for

25
Q

Conjunctions

A

join words, phrases, clauses

26
Q

What are the two types of conjunctions?

A
  1. co-ordinating
  2. subordinating
27
Q

What are the co-ordinating conjunctions?

A

For And Nor But Or Yet So

28
Q

Common subordinating conjunctions

A

however, if, because, while, although, as

29
Q

Auxiliary verbs

A
  1. helping verbs (must be another verb in the clause)
  2. to be / to have / to do
30
Q

Modal verbs

A
  1. helping verbs (must be another verb in the clause)
  2. may, might, must, can, could, will, would, shall, should
31
Q

Forms of ‘to be’

A

is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, to be

32
Q

THE is always a ____

A

determiner

33
Q

IS is always a ____

A

verb

34
Q

Relative pronouns

A
  1. relate back to the directly preceding noun
  2. introduce a clause
  3. who, whom, whose, that, which
35
Q

What is the difference between a determiner and a pronoun?

A

A determiner comes BEFORE a noun
A pronoun REPLACES a noun

36
Q

What is the difference between an adjective and a determiner?

A

An adjective describes some QUALITY of the noun (i.e. size, shape, colour)
A determiner provides grammatical information about the noun (i.e. number)

37
Q

What is the most common determiner that you can always rely on?

A

the

38
Q

What ‘test’ can you always use when in doubt?

A

substitution

39
Q

What is the difference between a preposition and an adverb?

A

A preposition is usually linked to the noun and shows the relationship
An adverb shows time, manner, place, frequency, degree

40
Q

Adverbs can describe verbs and which other word classes?

A

verbs, adjectives, adverbs

11Lang - metalanguage (8 decks)

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