Word classes Flashcards

1
Q

Nouns

A
  1. plural
  2. determiner (the ____)
  3. can be described by adjectives
  4. person, place, thing, feeling
  5. common endings -tion, -er, -ism, -ment, -dom, -ance etc.
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2
Q

Verbs (lexical/main)

A
  1. tense
  2. must be one in each clause
  3. common suffixes -ise, -use
  4. action, feeling, state
  5. what is happening in the sentence?
    CHECK: not all lexical verbs change tense
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3
Q

Adjectives

A
  1. describe nouns (should be able to draw an arrow to the noun it describes)
  2. common endings -ic, -al, -able, -ful, - y, -ive
  3. can come before OR after the noun
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4
Q

Adverbs

A
  1. time, manner, place, frequency, degree (when, where, how, how much, how often)
  2. some end -ly
  3. when in doubt = adverb
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5
Q

Interjections

A

have emotional meaning that stands outside of the sentence

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6
Q

Which word class can be made plural?

A

noun

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7
Q

Which word class can change to show tense?

A

verb

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8
Q

Which word class describes nouns?

A

adjective

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9
Q

Which word class is used to show how much?

A

adverb

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10
Q

These are common endings for which word class? -tion, -cian, -sion, -ment, -ance

A

noun

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11
Q

What are the open class words?

A

noun, verb, adjective, adverb, interjection

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12
Q

What other name is used for open class words?

A

content words

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13
Q

Why are they known as open class words?

A

because they can add new members

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14
Q

List all 11 word classes.

A

noun, verb, adjective, adverb, interjection, pronoun, preposition, determiner, conjunction, auxiliary verb, modal verb

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15
Q

What are the closed class words?

A

determiner, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, auxiliary verb, modal verb

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16
Q

What other name is used for closed class words?

A

function words

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17
Q

Why are they known as closed class words?

A

they can’t readily or easily accept new members

18
Q

Why are they known as content words?

A

they provide ‘real-world’ meaning

19
Q

Why are they known as function words?

A

they provide grammatical meaning

20
Q

What are the golden rules for finding word classes?

A
  1. no 100% of the time rules
  2. always look in context
  3. apply multiple tests
21
Q

Determiners

A
  1. the / a / an
  2. come before a noun
  3. provide grammatical information about the noun
22
Q

Pronouns

A
  1. REPLACE a noun
  2. often, can draw an arrow to the noun it replaces
23
Q

Prepositions

A
  1. Show relationship between nouns
  2. Often come before a noun
  3. Sometimes come after a verb
  4. Do not change form
24
Q

Common prepositions

A

on, in, under, above, through, below, to, of, with, at, for

25
Conjunctions
join words, phrases, clauses
26
What are the two types of conjunctions?
1. co-ordinating 2. subordinating
27
What are the co-ordinating conjunctions?
For And Nor But Or Yet So
28
Common subordinating conjunctions
however, if, because, while, although, as
29
Auxiliary verbs
1. helping verbs (must be another verb in the clause) 2. to be / to have / to do
30
Modal verbs
1. helping verbs (must be another verb in the clause) 2. may, might, must, can, could, will, would, shall, should
31
Forms of 'to be'
is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, to be
32
THE is always a ____
determiner
33
IS is always a ____
verb
34
Relative pronouns
1. relate back to the directly preceding noun 2. introduce a clause 3. who, whom, whose, that, which
35
What is the difference between a determiner and a pronoun?
A determiner comes BEFORE a noun A pronoun REPLACES a noun
36
What is the difference between an adjective and a determiner?
An adjective describes some QUALITY of the noun (i.e. size, shape, colour) A determiner provides grammatical information about the noun (i.e. number)
37
What is the most common determiner that you can always rely on?
the
38
What 'test' can you always use when in doubt?
substitution
39
What is the difference between a preposition and an adverb?
A preposition is usually linked to the noun and shows the relationship An adverb shows time, manner, place, frequency, degree
40
Adverbs can describe verbs and which other word classes?
verbs, adjectives, adverbs