Writing Flashcards
the Latter is…
last mentioned
Disagree strongly
take issue with
As an easy definition, described in basic terms
Simple put
As in the past they were , SYNONYM
As they ONCE WERE
Expression to explain a name
As its name suggests
synonym of “another reason of this..”
This GIVE THEM ANOTHER ADVANTAGE
Althought when means contrast can also be replaced by :
and their positions are
Though
Beginning or middle
Synonym of intention, objective ( 2 )
- aim
- TO This end
Whatever it happens, Anyway
At any rate
To do it very soon; __ __ ___ ___ giving up, she finally…
On the verge of
To emphasize the term; By this particular characteristic ( synonym)
By its very definition;
very = special
4 Usages of Though
1) Contrast ( beginning, middle after “,” ) ; I do not usually drink coffee, though I’ve had 2 cups today.” Though Marta is a small island, its history is incredible rich .
I don’t like to drink coffee, I’ve had 2 cups today THOUGH.
2) As though= like; He acted Though he is angry
3) End= anyways I already had eaten, thanks though
4) after adjective: Small though the island is, Malta has a long and rich history.
Classify the following transitions :
- Overall
- despite
- Subsequently
- Nevertheless
- Correspondingly
Conclusion
Contrast
Cause and effect
Contrast
Cause and effect
Alem disso
Aside from the …
Aside from the health consequences, the skills can also be slumped
Paraphrase “ everyday “
On a daily basis
Risky paraphrase
Fraught with risk
Draw on
Extract resources. Use smt or someone for a beneficial way
To win the favor of
to be aproval of someone
Another way to say “ which “. When you want to extend the info
Whereby
Another way to say “ If not for the reason”
If not for the fact
Another way to say “After that..”
Thereafter
From then on
Absolutely not
another meaning
No means; This by no means is the key to success, but it can be an opportunity to learn new things
Not at all: it is by no means certain that we will finish the project in mid of July
Synonym of to origin
To came into being ;
The history of how the university came into being is fascinating
Another way to say “caused”
attributed; Her success can be attributed to 3 main factors
A attributed to B = B caused A
another way to say “knows”
informed
another way to say “learning process”
academic process; educational process
Besides has 3 usages
1) Except
3) Even if
4) In addition or Together with
Explain “besides”:
The school will expel him for being a bully. Besides not now,he will be expelled by others reasons
Besides it gives clear power to the government, ..
Beside it giver power to the government, It can also
Both refer to “ even if”
1) even if the student is not expelled this time, he will be expelled some other time.
2) even if does not give power, it needs..
3) In addition to giving, it also…
However, nevertheless are __, which means can not use to
join 2 clauses within a sentence
X Recommend to put But and __ in the beginning of sentences, because are
yet, are conjuctions
However , but , though tends to ___
- Neverthless, yet, despite tends to __
opposite relationship
Emphasize the stark contrast
It is sunny outside; neverthless, it is cold ( January in BR)
It is sunny outside, but it is cold ( June)
;neverthless, - need to start a sentence “;” . followed by comma. Emphasizes it
Thus x Therefore x Hence
Therefore: conclusion
Thus: the result of a ALREADY MENTIONED before = Consenquently
Coodrinating conjuctions ( ), should have a comma __ when is linking 2 ___ clauses.
yet, but, and, nor, or so ;
Comma before when is linking 2 INDEpendent clauses
When x to use comma in coordinating conjunctions ( ) (2)
yet,but, or , nor, so , and
Between 2 objects, subjects ;
- Beggining of a sentence. But, she… (x)
Instead can use at the __ of a sentence. While __ and __ can not.
end of sentence; x rather and besides
Thereby usage
I did that so I got that RESULT ; + ING ;
Immediately before the verb
The team lost the final game, THEREBY missING the playoffs.
Therein usage
In this situation. Can replace with “its” .
After with semicolon ;
The new contract does not allow for extended maternity lean; therein lies the problem for the union, 60% of whose membership is women
Thereof usage
Of that ;
Both parties had their sights focused on the northern regions, especially the demographics thereof, and were preparing for a war.
… focused on the northern regions, especially the demographics of that ( of the northern regions)
Thereafter pontuaction
; thereafter,
Thereof can use at __ of a sentence.
Thereafter, therein, therefore use in __ of a sentence
within in a sentence; middle
Beginnning or middle
Whereby
By which ; In accordance whith
After a FULL clause ; no comma
The company introduced a new incentive program whereby all employees were given an equal shot at the bonuses.
Wherein
In which; During which
The team leader gathered his group and gave them a motivational speech __ he proceeded to promise them bonuses for exceeding the company’s targets.
a) whereby
b) therein
c) wherein
in which he proceeded to.. = WHEREIN he pro..
Both candidates were targeting businesses in the northern districts of the state as well as the constituents __ in an effort to motivate more people to vote at the primaries
a) thereof
b) wherein
c) therein
d) thereby
as well as the constituents thereof, in an effort…
= as the constituents of that, in an effort
The proposal, and more specifically the recommendations ___, was rejected by the board.
a) thereof
b) whereby
c) therein
specifically, the recommendations therein were rejected..
= the recommendations in that, were rejected
The department has introduced new rules to cut down on employee absenteeism __ workers who miss more than ten wor days per year may be laid off.
a) therein
b) whereby
c) wherein
cut down on employee absenteeism whereby workers who miss..
employee absenteeism by which workers who miss
Several of the terms of the contract have not been upheld, __ making the contract null and void (canceled)
have not been upheld, thereby makING the contract
= been upheld, by that ( as a result)
Their own career
Is there something incorrect? Why
Own x ; “their” is already possessive pronoun
They showed their offices __ are really modern
a) that
b) which
c) whom
, which ar
I just talked with our client __ company is really having a success
a) whose
b) who
c) which
whose company is
(adj) prevalent ; everywhere
widespread + noun
be + widespread
Everyday x every day
everyday : very common ; this works as everyday items
every day : frequency : I go to shool everyday
the stabilizing force of something
have courage
- be the backbone
- have the backbone to
Fill with the alternatives of “do”
A successful lawyer is not just about knowing the law; it is also about knowing how to __ an investigation.
The man __ an injustice during the exam
conduct an invstigation.
commit an injustice
Scientists usually do experiments on animals before they do these experiments on humans
Correct it
Sicentists usually experiment on animal before they CONDUCT these experiments ( tests ) on humans;
Experiments ( noun) -> experiment ( verb )
take measurements x take measurements OF
Take measurements OF: evaluate ; In front of this pandemic, the manager should take measurements of the number of fans in the shows .m
Take measurements: measure the height, length…
takes effect
begin to work as planned ; become active
x believe completely ;
take ___
With a grain of salt;
They took the news with a grain of salt, believing that the new vaccine will take time to takes effect
take __ account
take into account ; consider something before making a decision
Teachers should take into account the students abilities and backgrounds before designing their classes .
take __ granted ;
assume smt is true without any evidence
x appreciate someone , respect and use them continuously
- Many students take university admission for granted and fail to properly prepare their applications.
- The freedom given by parents, will make the kids starts to take for granted .
Take time x Take THE time
Takes time: requires time
Take THE time x be in a hurry , Do at the proper peace
make ends meet
earn a livable income ; Despite holding down two jobs, many low - wage earners struggle to make ends meet .
make do
manage with smt limited that is available
As government budgests shrink each year, schools find themselves to make do broken equipment. ( = find a way to cope with the difficulty situation )
make noise
complain; Every election, leading politicians make noise in the media about the plight of the poor to earn votes.
make light __
make light of ; reduce the significance
Pshycologists warned the parents to not make light of their children’s perceived hurts as this will lead them to hide future problems
synonym of in reality
in effect ( also means be active )
in theory x in practice
in theory : a fact
in practice : some parts is skeptical
Everyone in this country has an equal opportunity to achieve success, in theory. In practice, however, the wealthy have an advantage over the economically challenged
IN HAND X ON HAND X AT HAND
IN: in control
on hand : readily available ; any book you have on hand will be fine for this long trip
at hand : currently needing to be addressed ; First let’s complete the task at hand, then worry about the media’s critique
better lifesytle
better way of life
higher standard of living
better condition of life
risky route
risk = harzedous ; uncertain route = journey
occurrence synonym
event; incident
leader of a country
ruler
take advatage __
of
(x) from
have more interest _-
in
(x) on (x) to
DIFFERENCE OF X DIFFERENCE IN
of : what KIND of difference; they have a difference of opinions.
in : WHERE its the difference: the difference is IN THE COLORs
habitants are _- (less or more) common. So, use __- to replace
less; inHABITANTS = PERMANENT RESIDENTS
focus __
on
(x) in
acknowledging x been acknowledge
acknowledging is right
curiosity __
about
Kate, an only child , demands a lot of attention.
The opera singer Maria Callas had myopia.
The award-winning teacher Mrs. Becky Armstrong was honored at graduation for her impact on students’ lives.
Both are __ the subject. However why one have comma and other no ;
Identifying
“,” : x essential info “an only child “.
Before the movie let’s get some popcorn.
After riding his bike around the neighborhood twice, Rob was sweating profusely.
Both are Introductory phases, but why one need a comma and another doesn’t
short phases: optional
Long phases- 2 prepositional phases ( after his ; around the ) : comma
turn out ( 2 meaning)
- end up being = turn out to be
- result; Never lie to your resume, because if it turns out that you don’t possess such skills, your reputation will be damaged.
ought to and its usage
- I should have done that thing, but I did not. So I’m regretting
- smt ideal, expected; We ought to meet a celebrity here
- X + modal verbs: “she can ought to be more flexible “ ( x, can is modal verb too). Does she ought to finish it ? (x) Does x be with ought
- Negative: oughtn’t (x) ; ought NOT to
- modal verb = x change in plural, genre, ..
“people, in general, believe” you can say
it is believed
(x) is believed
( in conclusion) “It is believable to state that” replace it
It is conceivable that
at the expense of smt ; provide examples
when you are doing smt at the expense of another thing, the 1a thing is harming the 2a.
When parents find their kids in a danger, they would put their lives at the expense of their children
opposing opinions x opposite opinions
opposing: when the voices are/were ACTIVELY against towards each other
opposite: when the voices x know each other
do we need comma after “This is because” and “ , since people(…)
This is because, (x)
NO
Available in x on x at
in: to look in a book
on: the thing is attached to smt ( available on platforms)
at: when you need to go get ( it is available at the professor’s office)
He has a lot of difficulty to read long articles
correct it
He has a lot of difficulties reading long articles
another advantage of Podcast is the accessible characteristic of it.
Correct it
another advantage of Podcast is its accessible characteristic.
The professor disagrees with it or remains ___ with it
toefl integrated
remains doubtful
both present opposing ideas or __ ___ views about
toefl integrated
hold conflicting
a small number of staffs
It is correct or not
no
Staffs( x) IS NOT COUNTABLE -> Staff
“a small number of workers”
data plural form
datas(x)
DATA
there are an endless amount of benefits that the internet can provides for a nation, which will be further explained in this essay.
correct
there IS an endless amount of benefits that the internet can PROVIDE for a nation, which will be further explained in this essay.
He used to own a traditional company that was stucked in the olds ways of business.
was stuck
Both passages discuss how useful the batteries are in today’s world.
how useful batteries are
the Hydrogen plays
the Hydrogen cells plays
Hydrogen plays..
the Hydrogen cells play..
the wasted amount by the batteries are less expensive than the other ones.
THE AMOUNT by the batteries IS less expensive
First of all, nowadays, an endless amount of events powerfully distracts a lot of young people to focus on more important things, like study and enjoy family’s moment.
more important things, like studyING and enjoyING family’s momentS
I learned how to prevent from being distracted by the Social Media
I learned how to PREVENT BEING DISTR
In fact, it can also noticed that the society always has a “too busy” excuse to avoid slowing down their daily lives.
it can also BE NOTICED that SOCIETY always
she research through: nature, technology,and real-life experiences
(x) colon, because THROUGH ALREADY INTRODUCE THE LIST
she research through nature, tech,…
she research through: nature, technology,and real-life experiences
(x) colon, because THROUGH ALREADY INTRODUCE THE LIST
she research through nature, tech,…
Therefore, the monetary aid for this area is not weak as the reading passage suggests.
improve the writing
is not weak AS SUGGESTED IN the reading passage
Moreover, on one hand, the article assures that there is an absence of financial support.
improve the writing
financial support is absent to archaeological research,
However, in the reality, they found the lectures more difficult due to the requirement of self-discipline and the need to learn how to corporate technology with studies.
correct the form
However, in the reality, they found the lectures more difficult due to the NEED FOR self-discipline and LEARNING how to corporate technology with studies.
With this in mind, Nelson Mandela is one of the greatest example to this heroine figure.
one of the greates EXAMPLES OF this heroine
is there a comma between 2 independent clauses separated by “and”
no
A difference in eletronegativity between the value of 0.5 and 07 [usually] result in polar molecular forces, while a difference in…
a) no change
b) results
c) have resulted
d) are resulting
B - in accordance to “ a difference “
