sat writing Flashcards
Luckily, the tower survived, and its tilt has made it an
Italian [icon, it attracts] visitors from all over who flock
to Pisa to see one of the greatest architectural
weirdnesses in the world.
a) no change
b) ; attracting
c) , attracting
d) , its attracting
since there’s no subject in “ visitors from all over who flock to Pisa ..” for “ attracting” to refer, we can’t put semicolon. The phrase is not an idepedent clause
C
Glass walls and
dividers can also be used to replace solid walls as a means [ through] distributing natural light more freely
A) NO CHANGE
B) of
C) from
D) DELETE the underlined portion.
means of
[ Response to the advertisement was
overwhelming, even tremendous], and Harvey soon
replaced the male servers at his restaurants with women.
A) NO CHANGE
B) Response to the advertisement was
overwhelming,
C) Overwhelming, even tremendous, was the
response to the advertisement,
D) There was an overwhelming, even tremendous,
response to the advertisement,
Overwhelming has a similar meaning with tremendous. Therefore, we should avoid REDUNDANCY
B
Not only were such
regulations meant to ensure the efficiency of the business
and the safety of the workers, [ but also helped ] to raise
people’s generally low opinion of the restaurant industry
A) NO CHANGE
B) but also helping
C) also helping
D) but they also helped
d
, this can be a problem with consumers, [that] will reject
apples lacking the expected aroma.
A) NO CHANGE
B) they
C) which
D) who
D
Take Bartlett 29 pears, [for instance,] unless
they are treated with exactly the right amount of 1-MCP at exactly the right time,
A) NO CHANGE
B) pears, for instance:
C) pears for instance,
D) pears. For instance,
Many researchers believe that certain dietary choices, for example, eating - significant amounts of saturated facts and avoiding unsatured fats - contribute to high level levels in the bloodstream.
a) no change
b) choices; for example, eating significant amounts of saturated fats and avoiding unsaturated fats;
c) choices—for example, eating significant amounts of saturated fats and avoiding unsaturated fats—
d) choices, for example: eating significant amounts of saturated fats and avoiding unsaturated fats,
3) Consider, for example, William Carlos Lucas who worked as a physician for forty years.
) no change
b) for example, William Carlos Lucas,
c) for example William Carlos Lucas
b
2) c - For example shoud be separated by comma, by being a transition expression
3) Consider for example, William Carlos Lucas, who..
who worked as a physician for forty years. = non-essential RELATIVE CLAUSE
for example = non-essential
Seven of the ten largest containers in the world is china[, with another three are ]in Korea, Singapore, and India
China the other three
b) China, the other three
c) no change
d) China; the other three
b (x) -> comma is not enough to separate INDENPENDENT CLAUSES
D
Identify if is ; or ,
; = separate 2 INDENPENDENT clauses -> The first clause needs to make sense alone, so as the second one.
Capitalism is a controversial economic system. The argument that capitalism rewards innovation and hard work has been made by some people, while others believe it encourages greed.
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences?
Capitalism is a controversial economic system, because some people are arguing that capitalism rewarding innovation, also rewards hard work, while others believe it encourages greed.
Capitalism is a controversial economic system: some argue that it rewards innovation and hard work, while others believe it encourages greed.
Capitalism is a controversial economic system: the argument that it rewards innovation and hard work has been made by some people, while others believe it encourages greed.
Capitalism is a controversial economic system, because rewarding hard work and innovation is an advantage some people argue for, while others believe it encourages greed.
B
C (x) ; mix of passive ( has been made by) and active voice (other believe it )
Yesterday, I drove to work past the lemon tree. It was, as is usual, covered with fruit.
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences?
Yesterday, I drove to work past the lemon tree; as usual, it was covered with fruit.
Yesterday, I drove to work past the lemon tree; it was, as usually, covered with fruit.
Yesterday, I drove to work past the lemon tree, which was, as usual, being covered with fruit.
Yesterday, I drove to work past the lemon tree, and, as usual, it is covered with fruit.
; AS USUAL = 2 INDENDPENDENT CLAUSES
With only one wish, Gwen gazed into the orb[ she wanted to see into her future.
Escolha 1 resposta:
NO CHANGE
orb: she,
orb; she
orb, she,
orb;she
Because there are 2 INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
Hindus routinely bathe in India’s sacred Ganges river. Also home to the Ganges shark.
NO CHANGE
River, also
River; also
River and this river is also
b
not ;also. Because “Also home to…” is a dependent clause
Everyone who caught COVID undestand the importance of getting vaccinated
a) no change
b) have understood
c) understands
d) had undestood
c
Tabitha's eyes widened: the vanilla ice cream [was floating] in a sea of hot fudge like a small rubber duck in the middle of the ocean. Escolha 1 resposta: NO CHANGE will float is floating floats
Although ING means a present tense, it can be use in past tense to express, desrbibe a moment that is apparently occurring now;
The basic [principle ] of periodic table of ordenring periodic elements have remained the same until today.
a) no change
b) main
c) principles
d) method
c
“have” indicate the subject is plural
. [ An especially puzzling phenomenon ] that exists in many of the sculptures..
a) NO CHANGE B) One specially puzzling phenomenon C) A phenomenon that is especially puzziling D) Especially puzzling is a phenomenon
If is NO CHANGE, their is NO MAIN VERB .
SO, it should be D
In 1941, two years after Britain declared war on[Germany, the American-turned-British poet, T. S. Eliot,] began to write the fourth and final piece of the Four Quartets. Entitled “Little Gidding,” this poem required almost a year and a half to reach its final state.
A) NO CHANGE
B) Germany, the American-turned British poet T.S. Elliot
C) Germany, the American-turned British poet T.S. Elliot,
D) Germany the American-turned British poet T.S. Elliot
B
T.S lliot Shouldn’t be between comma, because is essential - is the subject for began
Profession before the name doesn’t need to be sparated by comma
. Different eastern coyote populations have different exact genetic[compositions, which]scientists have described the average eastern coyote as being a combination of three different species in the genus Canis.
a) no change
b) compositions that
c) compositions, but
d) compositions who
C
(X) A, B ; uing that and which will refer the next infos to “compistions”, which is not the case.
When it does, the offspring[ resembles]something in between their two parent species.
a) no change
b) resemble
c) has resembled
d) resembled
b
present because of “it does”
resemble because of “their” = plural
Two of the highest titles a pastry chef can achieve in North America are Certified Executive Chef(CEF) and Certified Master Pastry Chef(CMPC), granted by the American Culinary[Federation, both involve]
a rigorous examination process and numerous prerequisites.
NO CHANGE
Federation. Both involve
Federation. Both involving
Federation, they both involve
B
C(X) , It`s starting a new sentence; They are compeltely separated sentences
The writer wants to support the claim in the first part of the sentence with data from the table. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
NO CHANGE
Executive pastry chefs typically make less than $70,000 annually.
Executive pastry chefs earn an average of roughly $10,000 a year more than do regular pastry chefs.
Regular pastry chefs can earn approximately $60,000 annually.
The examination includes a 90-minute written portion and a four-hour practical portion. This intense work pays off, however:[regular pastry chefs earn about$10,000 more a year than assistant pastry chefs.]
B - It serves to shows that really PAY OFF. The however is not for the sentence after “:”
Consequently,Certified Executive Chef Hilary DeMane has prepared confections for[celebrities, governors, and evenPresident Ronald Reagan]
a) NO CHANGE
b) celebrities, governors, and even,
c) celebrities, governons; and even
a
c) ilogically infers that ~ and even~ is part of the list
Heaimed it tothe bathtub, and the powerful torrent of water it yielded put him in mind of a high-powered water gun.The next step—an arduous one—was to find a company with the desire and means to produce it.[After expressing initial interest, Johnson was dismayed when one toy company ended negotiations.]
a) no change
b) after expressing initial interest, it WAS A DISMAY TO jOHSON WHEN ONE COMPANY ENDED NEGOTIATIONS
B) Johson was dismayed when, after expressing initial interest, negotiations ended with one company
d) Johson was dismayed when one company ended negotiations after expressing initial interest
d
a(x) “ after expressing initial interest” is a modifier of company who eneded negotiations and caused Johson to dismay. But, the option a is modifying Johnson
Compared to Mrs. Hitchcock’s verbose observation on the weather,[Motes’s attitude]is markedly succinct: “I got to go see the porter.”The terse, clipped speech pattern signals his irritation.
a) her companion
b) Motes’ first line of dialogue
c) NO CHANGE
B “dialogue” parallel with “verbose” = both is oral elements
[tourists. The tourists came from]around the world
a) tourists that are locatted from
b) tourits from
c) tourists
d) tourits, but from different places that were
B
Hurston’s revolutionary work resulted in scathing criticism, especially from some of the intellectual leaders of the Harlem Renaissance. Two of the movement’s8[Marcador para a pergunta[rulers,]authors Langston Hughes and Richard Wright, saw Hurston’s work as a harmful caricature of African American life and even accused Hurston of creating new stereotypes that were no better than the old.
a) no change
b) luminaries
c) moguls
d) tycoons
b
rulers means power / While luminaries refers to Intelectual leaders
While Hurston viewed her work as a tribute to a rich and sophisticated culture, her detractors saw it as a mockery,[and Hurston’s work, according to them, was lampooning African Americans in the worst possible way.] l
A) lampooning African Americans in the worst possible way.
B) asserting that Hurston’s work lampooned African Americans in the worst possible way, as her critics claimed.
C) as her detractors thought that Hurston’s work was lampooning African Americans in the worst possible way
D) NO CHANGE
- What`s the most redudant
A) None reducatant terms
b) detractors and critics
c) detractors repeated; The Houstons work
In 1925, Hurston began her studies at Barnard College,[where, under the tutelage of Franz Boas,] the “Father of Modern Anthropology”—she embraced the idea of cultural relativism, or studying a culture in isolation rather than in comparison to others.
NO CHANGE
where under the tutelage—of Franz Boas,
where—under the tutelage of Franz Boas,
where under the tutelage of Franz Boas,
YOU CAN HAVE NON-ESSENTIAL PHRASED INSIDE NON-ESSENTIAL PHRASES
C ) the ~Father of Modern Anthropology~ ( a non essential phrase) +
- under the tutelage of Franz Boas
[] Treasure Island, today a suburban community, was originally created for the 1939 World’s Fair, a celebration of international culture and technology. In the midst of the economic uncertainties of the Great Depression, Treasure Island and its accompnaying fair offered a glimpse of optism and provided San Francisco a platform from which to showcase its latest innovations.
Which choice best introduces the passage?
a) Programs instituted by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during the Great Depression continue to benefit Americans to this day.
b) In the middle of the San Francisco Bay sits a 400-acre island that, 80 years ago, did not exist.
c) In the wake of the Great Depression, San Francisco’s leaders came to a crucial decision about presenting the city’s technological innovations.
d) The World’s Fairs had a significant impact on culture and technology sharing in the 20th century.
! A sentence is immediately before the presentation of Treasure Island -> it should refer directly to this thing
Only B does directly refer to the place
It was named Treasye Island as a tribute to California’s Gold Rush - the economic venture, that had allowed the state to succeed early in its history
a) no change
b) Rush - the economic venture
c) Rush; the economic venture
d) Rush. the economic venture,
b
“ the economic venture THAT had allowed - DEPEDENT CLAUSE , it shouldn’t use “;” to separate dependent clauses
The year was 1876, and the electric vacuum cleaner was the stuff of fantasy—Anna’s shop was illuminated by candlelight, and her carpets were swept clean with a wooden broom.
Melville thought he had solved his wife’s problem when he purchased a carpet sweeper. This mechanical device was somewhat of an improvement over [Anna;]
a) NO CHANGE
b) the prior one
c) Anna’s problem
d) the simple broom
d
b) there didn’t have carpet sweeper before this new one
By the late 1880’s, the Bissells presided over a carpet sweeping empire. Tragedy struck unexpectedly,[in addition,] when Melville succumbed to pneumonia in 1889.
a) NO CHANGE
b) however,
c) moreover,
d) consequentely
moreover and in addition have the same meaning -> wrong
however is NOT working as a conjuction there - is not linking 2 indepedent clauses. It can also be btw commas in this casa, since it isn’t that essential.
b
[1] El Sistema, the nickname for the Fundación Musical Simón Bolívar, was founded in 1975 by Dr. José Antonio Abreu. [2]He envisioned this government-funded program not only as a vehicle for music instruction, but also for social change. [3] Disappointed that Venezuela did not have its own orchestra Abreu wanted to educate children about classical music on the national level. [4] By providing safe spaces for children from crime-ridden neighborhoods to practice music, the government would be both protecting children and showing them that there were other avenues to success than criminal activity. [5] Abreu also believed that the opportunity to play music is a basic human right, and he wanted to ] ensue that all children had access to it.
THE SENTECE [2] should be placed at
a) where it is now
b) after sentence 3
c) after sentence 4
d) after sentence 1
He envisioned this government-funded programNOT ONLY as a vehicle for music instruction, but also for social change.
Sentence 3 talked about music instrution. But, as sentence 2 said, NOT ONLY THAT, it also accounts social change, which is talked at sentece 4
b
The Effects of Electronegativity
[What principles dictate the relationships between molecules? There are many factors at work, but these] interactions also depend indirectly on a principle known as electronegativity. Although this is an atomic property, it generates molecular forces,_ that cause many of the phenomena we observe every day.
The writer wants to introduce the topic of electronegativity with a concrete, casually observable example from the natural world. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
a) NO CHANGE
b) How do water striders skim across the surfaces of ponds and lakes? Their hydrophobic legs are uniquely suited to this process, but the insects
c) How do our bodies break down the food we consume every day? While digestion would be impossible without enzymes and other proteins, these molecules
d) How does our DNA maintain a double helical structure? While the shape of this nucleic acid is the result of many complex properties, its structures
! ALWAYS READ THE PROMPT
“NATURAL WORLD”. Although “no change” is coerent with the paragraph, it doesn’t responds to the prompt that wants natural world. So, B is correct
Walker was not only a trailblazer in the medical field [and she was] also a relentless visionary who bravely challenged many of the social rejudices of her day.
a) no changeprejudices
b) , she was
c) ; she was
d) she was
field;she was
separating 2 independent clauses
The influence of both these writers and many others can be traced across history to contemporary writing and [philosophy, to understand ] this context is a prerequisite to authentically engaging with these texts.
a) ; understading
b) to understand
c) , understanding
d) no change
a ( 2 independent clauses)
What has been made clear from [Marcador para a pergunta 9] researcher’s data, and what comprises the key issue in studying amphibians, is the aforementioned number of threatened species. Amphibians play important roles in ecosystems, human health, and commerce. They have [stuck around] for the past 350 million years, surviving many changes that caused other organisms to become extinct
a) stuck around for
b) hung in there
c) weathered
d) persevered brialliantly
It seems that all the choices have cimilar meaning -> catch the vibes
all except weathered are too informal to the article
] While [ they await] for service, patrons
can enjoy coffee and snacks and mingle with their
neighbors in need.
A) NO CHANGE
B) awaiting
C) they waited
D) waiting
awaiting has the SAME MEANING with waiting, but awaiting is more FORMAL
but , you can’t use AWATING with “for”
the verb refers to “,patrons”
D
While the Palm Islands in Dubai, U.A.E. were initially envisioned as tributes to luxury, the project has been fraught with financial and environmental problems [since
] it broke ground.
NO CHANGE
although
despite
until
A
d) until is something in the present , in which happened something before it
” has been fraught” is present perfect and “broke ground” is simple past, so broke ground is the past, not the present
meanngs of the words:
a) icky
b) abysmal
c) surly
d) sinister
a) nasty, unpleasant, untasteful
b) very bad, appaling
c) surly : describes A PERSON who is unfriendly
d) sinister: feeling that something harmful, evil will happen
The writer is considering revising the underlined
portion of the sentence to read:
West, inspiring books, documentaries, and even
a musical.
Should the writer add this information here?
A) Yes, because it provides examples of the Harvey
Girls’ influence.
B) Yes, because it serves as a transitional point in
the paragraph.
C) No, because it should be placed earlier in the
passage.
D) No, because it contradicts the main claim of the
passage
the Harvey Girls became known as a
transformative force in the American [West.
Advancing the roles of women in the restaurant industry
and the American workforce as a whole, the Harvey Girls
raised the standards for restaurants and blazed a trail in
the fast-changing landscape of the western territories.
A
B) is not adding a completely new topic
D) it doesn’t CONTRADICTS, is not opposing
But some fruits do not respond as well to 1-MCP as others [did], and some even respond adversely. A) NO CHANGE B) do, C) have, D) will,
some fruits DO not … -> parallels with as others DO
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4 should be placed A) where it is now. B) after sentence 1. C) after sentence 2. D) after sentence 5
[1] 1-MCP works by limiting a fruit’s production of
ethylene, it is a chemical that causes fruit to ripen and
eventually rot. [2] While 1-MCP keeps apples tight
and crisp for months, it also limits their scent
production. [3] This may not be much of a problem with
certain kinds of apples that are not naturally very
fragrant, such as Granny Smith, but for apples that are
prized for their fruity fragrance, such as McIntosh, this
can be a problem with consumers, that will reject
apples lacking the expected aroma. [4] But some fruits do
not respond as well to 1-MCP as others did, and
some even respond adversely. [5] Furthermore, some
fruits, particularly those that naturally produce a large
amount of ethylene, do not respond as well to 1-MCP
treatment. [6] Take Bartlett pears, for instance, unless
they are treated with exactly the right amount of 1-MCP
at exactly the right time, they will remain hard and green
until they rot, and consumers who experience this will be
unlikely to purchase them again
[4] But some fruits do not respond as well to 1-MCP as others did, and
some even respond adversely.
“BUT” = the previous sentence should have a opposing idea
“ Do not reponde as well to 1-MCP” = the next sentence should have a DEMOSNTRATION of the idea
after sentence 1, that mentions the benefit of 1-MCP. and the sentence 2 ( the next sentence of [4]) mention the disadvantage of it -> “limits their scent production”
Nor has artistic homage to
our fellow creatures entirely died out in the millennia
since, [despite the many years that have passed
between then and now.]
The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg,
one of Russia’s greatest art museums, has long had a
productive partnership with a much loved animal: the
cat.
The writer wants to link the first paragraph with the
ideas that follow. Which choice best accomplishes
this goal?
A) NO CHANGE
B) with special attention being paid to domestic
animals such as cats.
C) even though most paintings in museums are of
people, not animals.
D) as the example of one museum in Russia shows.
b) the focus is not about comparing domestic animals
D) the question’s sentence is a introduction of the DEMONSTRATION that follows
For centuries, cats have guarded this famous
museum, ridding it of mice, rats, and other rodents that
could damage the art, not to mention [scared] off
visitors
A) NO CHANGE
B) scaring
C) scare
D) have scared
that could DAMAGE the art, not to mention ( that could) SCARE off visitors
who scare visitors: definitely the rodents; AND, the CLOSEST verb of [scared] is could damage.
A) NO CHANGE
B) task, digital artist, Eldar Zakirov,
C) task digital artist Eldar Zakirov,
D) task, digital artist Eldar Zakirov
The person chosen for this[ task, digital artist,
Eldar Zakirov] ]painted the cats in the style traditionally
used by portrait artists, in so doing presenting the
cats as noble individuals worthy of respect.
At first, you would think that the name is essencial. But , The person is already enough to be the MAIN SUBJECT FOR THE VERB “painted”.
It makes sense when you do:
The person chosen for this task painted the cats in the style traditionally used by portrait artists,
B
A) NO CHANGE
B) acting as the lead predator in the museum’s
ecosystem,
C) hunting down and killing all the mice and rats
one by one,
D) protecting the museum’s priceless artworks from
destructive rodents,
Some may find it peculiar to
observe cats portrayed in formal court poses, but these
felines, by [mastering the art of killing mice and rats],
are benefactors of the museum as important as any
human
A) it’s attempting. But saying that killing the rodents, does not clealy states that the cats were important to the museum ( the main focus)
D
These cats are so cherished by the museum that
officials recently [decreed ] original paintings to be
made of six of them
A) NO CHANGE
B) commissioned
C) forced
D) licensed
a) to decreed: to make an official command FOR RULES, LAWS
b) to make someone to make something for your ( specially in ARTS)
d) licensed: to buy the right to use that brand
A 3-D printer then builds a polymer model based on this blueprint, much as a regular computer printer reproduces digital documents
on paper. ´[Whereas the head of an ordinary computer
printer moves back and forth while printing ink onto
paper, the corresponding part of a 3-D printer moves in
multiple dimensions while squirting out thin layers of
melted polymer plastic.] The plastic hardens quickly,
it allows the printer to build the layers of the final
model.
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A) Kept, because it helps explain why X-rays are
used in CT scanners.
B) Kept, because it provides details to illustrate how
a 3-D printer works.
C) Deleted, because it contradicts the passage’s
information about digital blueprints.
D) Deleted, because it creates confusion about how
researchers gather data.
The subject of the AFTER-sentence is “Plastic”, which is NOT MENTIONED IN THE BEFORE-sentence -> We need the sentece that has polymer plastic
B
The plastic hardens quickly, [it ] allows the printer to build the layers of the final
model.
a) no change
b) which
c) that
d) this
“The plastic hardens quickly” - independent clause ( x that)
WHAT allows the printer? the WHOLE PHRASE “The plastic hardens quickly” -> which
By contrast, researchers from the National Museum of Brazil 9 [has relied] on this technique to study a fossilized skeleton that was
discovered protruding from a rock at an old São Paulo
railroad site. The fossil was too delicate to be
removed from the rock. Because of the fossil’s delicate
nature, the team dug up a block of stone around the fossil
and brought it to their lab. With the aid of a CT scanner
and a 3-D printer, they were able to produce a resin
model of the fossil.
a) no change
b) relied
c) will rely
d) is relying
A) X because the subject is researchers
find the other verb - tense “THEY ( researchers) WERE ABLE “
B
The fossil was too delicate to be
removed from the rock. Because of the fossil’s delicate
nature, the team dug up a block of stone around the fossil
and brought it to their lab.
Which choice most effectively combines the
underlined sentences?
A) The fossil could not be removed from the rock
on account of it being too delicate; moreover, the
team dug up a block of stone around it and
brought it to their lab.
B) The team thought the fossil was too delicate to
remove from the rock, and their next decision
was to dig up a block of stone around the fossil
and bring it to their lab.
C) The fossil was too delicate to be removed from
the rock, so the team dug up a block of stone
around the fossil and brought it to their lab.
D) In removing the fossil from the rock, the team
found it was too delicate; then they dug up a
block of stone around the fossil and brought it to
their lab
🚨 Analyse the SHORTEST answer choice 1°
A) The fossil could not be removed from the rock
on account of it being too delicate; MOREOVER , the
team dug up a block of stone around it and
brought it to their lab.
don’t need a transition word in the middle
B) The team thought the fossil was too delicate to
remove from the rock, and their next decision
was to dig up a block of stone around the fossil
and bring it to their lab.
Their next decision : wordy
C) The fossil was too delicate to be removed from
the rock, so the team dug up a block of stone
around the fossil and brought it to their lab.
D) In removing the fossil from the rock, the team
found it was too delicate; then they dug up a
block of stone around the fossil and brought it to
their lab
“then” refers to a sequence action, which is not this case; We’re talking about a causal relation here
Examining the model, the researchers
determined that [one ] had found a new species, a
75-million-year-old crocodile
a) n change
b) he or she
c) they
d) it
WHO EXAMINING THE MODEL AND FOUND -> RESEARCHERS -> SUBJECT
C
“Stop them pictures!” Legend has it that the corrupt
politician William “Boss” Tweed once used those words
when ordering someone to offer a bribe to Thomas Nast,
an artist who had become famous for cartoons that called
for reforms to end corruption. [As a result,] Tweed’s
attempt to silence the artist failed, and Nast’s cartoons,
published in magazines like Harper’s Weekly
A) NO CHANGR
b) therefore
c) furthermore
d) delete
c) x IS NOT working on the SAME INFO
D
These political machines were able to pack
legislatures and courts with hand-picked supporters by
purchasing [votes, a form of election fraud involving
the exchange of money or favors for votes]
a) no change
b) votes, being
c) votes, that is
d) votes, which it is
a
- Non-essential phrase at final: comma before it. Provides ONLY EXPLANATION, no need to use a conjunction/ preposition
Tammany Hall group, which controlled New York
City in the 1860s—stole more than $30 million, the equivalent of more than $365 million today.
[Tweed had been elected to a single two-year term in
Congress in 1852. ]Tammany Hall was so powerful and corrupt that, the New York Times, commented “There is absolutely nothing . . . in the city which is beyond the reach of the insatiable gang.”
The writer is considering deleting the underlined
sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A) Kept, because it introduces the quote from the
New York Times in the next sentence.
B) Kept, because it adds a vital detail about Tweed
that is necessary to understand his power.
C) Deleted, because it blurs the focus of the
paragraph by introducing loosely related
information.
D) Deleted, because it contains information that
undermines the main claim of the passage.
B) X the idea is reporting negatively Tweed corruption
C) The time year is not in order
Eventually, Tweed and his gang were
[persecuted] for a number of charges, including fraud
and larceny, and many of them were sent to jail
a) no change
b) persecuted on
c) persecuted with
d) prosecuted on
PERSECUTED = Submitted to hostility, ill-treatment by a government PROSECUTED = Against someone by blaming doing something illegal
idiom : prosecuted on charges
[Work, that is easily understood and appreciated, is
supported,] while more complex work goes unnoticed.
A) NO CHANGE
B) Work that is easily understood and appreciated
is supported,
C) Work that is easily understood, and appreciated
is supported
D) Work—that is easily understood and
appreciated—is supported,
C) NO NEED to separate understood AND appreciated
CAN’T separate subject with that
B
Artists such as these Brooklyn performers find that
crowdfunding exacerbates problems that already exist.
Work, that is easily understood and appreciated, is
supported, while more complex work goes unnoticed
Time that could be used creating art is spent devising
clever perks to draw the attention of potential
contributors. ´[In addition], audiences may contain
many “free riders,” they did not make contributions.
A) no change
b) conversely,
c) however,
d) thus,
the paragraph is manly talking about the PROBLEMS OF CROWDFUNDING.
So, the selected phrase is ADDING INFO about the problem -> IN ADDITION
By subverting the
presumption that money used for her project is an
altruistic donation, the playwright showed that [our]
work has monetary value to those who enjoy it
A) no change
b) their
c) her
d) its
c -> IS HER WORK
[1] One innovative playwright has woven the
deficiencies of the system into her crowdfunding model.
[2] Though the price for her tickets was higher than that
of tickets for comparable shows, it was still affordable to
most theatergoers—and reflected the real cost of the
performance. [3] She presented the total cost for
producing her play on a crowdfunding site. [4] Then she
divided the total cost by the number of people she
expected to attend the performance. [5] The result of the
calculation was the minimum donor price, and only
donors who paid at least the minimum ticket price were
allowed to attend the performance. [6] By subverting the
presumption that money used for her project is an
altruistic donation, the playwright showed that her
work has monetary value to those who enjoy it.
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 2 should be placed A) where it is now. B) after sentence 3. C) after sentence 4. D) after sentence 5.
🚨 Before solving all the questions that is incubed in this paragraph, read this question 1° to consider while solving them
[2] Though the price for her tickets was higher than that
of tickets for comparable shows, it was still affordable to
most theatergoers—and reflected the real cost of the
performance : Talk about the price of her tickers
from sentece [3] to [5] the author is explaining how she ARRIVE AT THE PRICE of her ticker -> D
[Taking on] the public interest,
investigative journalism involves original, often
long-form reporting on such topics as illegal
activities, street crime, corporate wrongdoing, and
political corruption
A) NO CHANGE
B) Undertaken in
C) Overtaking
D) Taking off from
a) taking on: hire an employee; be ready to meet your opponent - GOING AGAINST
c) brvocabitish vocab, catch up
b) a project; to accept to do something / ADVOCATING
In these and other
cases, exposure from reporters has served as an
important 39 blockade to or scolding of malfeasance.
A) NO CHANGE
B) interference to or condemnation of
C) drag on or reproof of
D) deterrent or rebuke to
a) blockade : block something to prevent people entering or leaving
scolding : rebuke/ reproof, express critics angrily to someone’s bhvior
c) drag on : continue a tedious task
d) deterrent : discourage ( correct)
While worrisome, the decline of traditional print
media [could ]not entail the end of investigative
journalism.
Which choice most effectively suggests that the
“end of investigative journalism” is a real possibility
but one that can be prevented?
A) NO CHANGE
B) need
C) will
D) must
a) could doesn’t express another opposite side
b) need not entail -> don’t necessarily need -> there’s a chance to not do that ( prevent)
Nonprofit [enterprises such as] the
Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project have
begun to fill the void created by staff losses at newspapers
and magazines.
A) NO CHANGE
B) enterprises: such as
C) enterprises such as:
D) enterprises, such as
A
B) before : needs to be an INDEPEDENT clause
C) same
d) you only put comma BEFORE SUCH AS when the following sentence is a RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE ( = define something and is essencial )
sat idioms
a) serve _
b) wait _
c) regard _
d) advice ___
e) worry _
serve AS wait FOR regard AS advice AGAINST worry ABOUT
Dissent meanings
to hold/ express disagreetement against an opinion that is previously publicily holded
Devoid meaning + Devoid __
without something “ devoid of sympathy”
devoid OF
IDIOM
Insistis __ being annoying
Insists ON
struck __ and meaning
hit by someone, something happen suddenly that have harmful effects
struck BY
ABSTAIN meaning + abstain _
to choose to NOT DO or have something
abstain FROM
F) THINK __
g) celebrate _
h) aim _
i) suceed _
j) advocate _
k) obvious __
l) focus _
think ABOUT celebrate AS aim AT succeed AT advocate for obvious FROM
focus ON
inquire __ + meaningt
inquire into
to collect info about smt
talk __ + meaning
talk OVER
discuss smt throughouly
devoted __ + meaning
devoted to
loyal to
Nevertheless can use as a transition word to express ___ and ____
contrast
digression: topic A. Nevertheless, the topic B is…
The committee was charged with saving the tower
without ruining its aesthetic, [which no one had yet
managed to achieve]. The committee’s first attempt to
reduce the angle of the tower’s tilt—placing 600 tons of
iron ingots (molded pieces of metal) on the tower’s north
side to create a counterweight—was derided because the
bulky weights ruined the tower’s appearance. The
attempt at a less visible solution—sinking anchors into
the ground below the tower—almost caused the tower to
fall.
Which choice best supports the main point of the
paragraph?
A) NO CHANGE
B) although not everyone on the committee agreed
completely about what that aesthetic was.
C) which meant somehow preserving the tower’s tilt
while preventing that tilt from increasing and
toppling the tower.
D) which included the pristine white marble finish
that has come to be widely associated with the
tower’s beauty
THE MAIN POINT of the paragraph:
“ ruined the tower’s appearance”
“almost caused the tower to fall”
a) yes, no one managed to achieved. BUT, the main focus is not in the person, but in WHY was hard to fix
C
Burland [advocated using ] soil extraction:
removing small amounts of soil from under the tower’s
north side, opposite its tilt, to enable gravity to straighten
the tower.
A) NO CHANGE
B) advocated to use
c) advocated the using of
d) advocating to use
A ) we naturally say this way
C) the using is incorrect -> the use
Because a traditionalist response to the
crisis— [amping up] medical-college enrollments and
expanding physician training programs—is too slow and
costly to address the near-term problem, alternatives are
being explored
a) no change
b) bolstering
c) arousing
d) revving
a) amping up : increasing the level / ( informal) making things more exciting
b) strenghting
c) arousing : increasing in the context of causal relantionship
d) revving : ( informal) to increase the running speed
Although sales remained
strong for Golden Age stalwarts Superman and, to a
lesser extent, Batman, ´[subsequent decades would
show the enduring appeal of these characters.]
More transformations would take place in the
medium as the Silver Age gave way to the Bronze and
Modern (and possibly Postmodern) Ages. Such efforts
have yielded diminishing returns, as even the
complete relaunch of DC Comics’ superhero’s, line in
2011 has failed to arrest the steep two-decade decline of
comic book sales.
The writer wants a conclusion to the sentence and
paragraph that logically completes the discussion of
the Silver Age and provides an effective transition
into the next paragraph. Which choice best
accomplishes these goals?
A) NO CHANGE
B) the distinctions between later stages of comic
book history are less well defined than the one
between the Golden and Silver Ages.
C) readers increasingly gravitated to the upstarts as
the 1960s and the Silver Age drew to a close.
D) these characters themselves underwent
significant changes over the course of the
Silver Age.
” COMPLETES the discussion of the Silver Age “
the only one that CONCLUDES is C “ The Silver Age drew to a close”
More transformations would take place in the
medium as the Silver Age gave way to the Bronze and
Modern (and possibly Postmodern) Ages. Such efforts
[have yielded] diminishing returns, as even the
complete relaunch of DC Comics’ superhero’s, line in
2011 has failed to arrest the steep two-decade decline of
comic book sales.
a) no change
b) would have yielded
c) will be yielded
d) has yielded
BEGAN in the past and is still CONTINUING in the present ( “ diminishing returns”
present perfect = have + past participle
A
More transformations would take place in the
medium as the Silver Age gave way to the Bronze and
Modern (and possibly Postmodern) Ages. Such efforts
have yielded diminishing returns, as even the
complete relaunch of DC [Comics’ superhero’s,] line in
2011 has failed to arrest the steep two-decade decline of
comic book sales.
A) NO CHANGE
B) Comic’s superhero’s
C) Comics superhero’s
D) Comics’ superhero
is not superhero’s, because the super hero didn’t posess any line
is the Comic that possess
D
For both commercial and, arguably,
creative reasons, [then], no transition was more
successful than that from the Golden to Silver Age.
a) no change
b) yet
c) however
d) nevertheless
all is talking about contrast, and there’s NO CONTRAST BTW 2 PHRASES
Because of commercial and creativity -> THEN -> it was sucessful
The team created similar models for eight of the dodo’s presumed closest relatives, including several extant species, 19 they calculated the ratio of brain volume to total body mass for each specimen
A) NO CHANGEB) also they C) and D) DELETE the underlined portion
C
The team created similar models for eight of the dodo’s presumed closest relatives, including several extant species : Indepedent clause 1
they calculated the ratio of brain volume to total body mass for each specimen : independent clause 2
and to connect 2 indepedent clauses
Hume and Gold’s results’, obtained with more comprehensive data than previously available and with the aid of improved analytical techniques, offer a necessary revision of the dodo’s reputation
( the first name is Hume)
A) NO CHANGEB) Humes’ and Gold’s results,C) Hume’s and Gold’s result’s,D) Hume’s and Gold’s results
D
and only this answer doesn’t have “,” and ‘ in results
VISTAs are typically not hired to offer direct services such as delivering 28 food, rather they use their talents on big-picture initiatives such as building the capacity and improving the financial health of the organizations that employ them.
A) NO CHANGEB) food, rather, C) food; rather, D) food, rather:
2 indepedent clauses -> C
