sat reading Flashcards
If we consider the peculiar situation of the United States, and what are the sources of that diversity of sentiment which pervades its
60 inhabitants, we shall find great danger to fear that the same causes may terminate here in the same fatal effects which they produced in those republics. This danger ought to be wisely guarded against.
The author of Passage 2 states that the opinions of U. S. citizens are optimistic. divided. illogical. trivial.
B = ~ Diverse sentiment
Measuring the
55 performance speed would help to explain the underlying mechanism. Second, only one type of task was used. If viewing baby animals induced a behavioral tendency toward protection and caregiving, performance improvement could be specific to a care-related task. The operation task used by 60 Sherman et al. suggests caregiving because the player is expected to act as a doctor who helps the patient depicted on the game board with removing foreign objects from the patient’s body. Using different types of tasks would elucidate the cause of performance improvement.
65 Recently, Sherman and Haidt challenged the classic view that cuteness is an innate releaser of parental instincts and caregiving responses. Instead, they proposed that perceiving cuteness motivates social engagement and primes affiliative, friendly tendencies. This attitudinal change is assumed to be70 linked with cognitive processes related to mentalizing (i.e.,attributing mental states to agents) and sometimes indirectly leads to increased care. If cuteness-induced behavioral carefulness is caused by a heightened motivation for social interaction, the effect would not be found in simple75 perceptual-cognitive tasks that do not suggest social interaction
The author said that the experiment can be improved by changing the methodology. Highlight which part it says that
1) Using different types of tasks would elucidate the cause of performance improvement.
2) If viewing baby animals induced a behavioral tendency toward protection and caregiving, performance improvement could be specific to a care-related task
3) Instead, they proposed that perceiving cuteness motivates social engagement and primes affiliative, friendly tendencies.
is 1
is not 2) because it does not say to change something
Their work in Bangladesh involves removing toxins, from the drinking water, primarily through water purification.
a) Their work, in Bangladesh, involves removing toxins, from the drinking water
b) Their work in Bangladesh involves removing toxins from the drinking water,
c) Their work in Bangladesh involve s removing toxins, from the drinking water,
Their work is subject and CAN’T BE SEPARATED FROM the verb involves
Removing toxins from the drinking water
B
A CAREER IN WATER CHEM LEADING TO exciting travel and teaching opportunities, and working to de-contaminate water supplies around the world is a rewarding experience for those who undertake it
A) no change
b) that leads to
c) can lead to
d) Careers leading to
around the world IS a rewarding.. -> A career
Comma after + “and” - coordinative conjunction -> the previous phase SHOULD BE INDEPENDENT
“ A career in water chem CAN LEAD TO exciting travel and teaching opportunities.”
Can lead to => subject + verb to be + verb
President Roosevelt established the New Deal
programs in 1933. One of these programs, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), created jobs mainly in the form of public works projects, such as constructing bridges and [ other 7 building-related New Deal infrastructure projects].
A. NO CHANGE
B. infrastructure projects that created jobs.
C. infrastructure projects as part of Roosevelt’s New Deal programs.
D. infrastructure.
A 150-plus wedding party, a business conference, and a family reunion have all [ plummeted ] on the hotel grounds in the same weekend.
A. NO CHANGE
B. submerged
C. lowered
D. descended
Identify the other words’ meaning too
A) Plummeted: fall rapidly from a great height
b) submerged: “sub” exist underwater
d) descended: A large group of people arriving at one place
at The Surrey in New York City, offered Kanagasingham the opportunity, to help upgrade and gain more recognition for the hotel. [ She oversaw ] The Surrey’s redesign, which included updating the spa and adding kitchens to suites for “extended stay” customers
a) Delete the underlined part
b) No change
c) Oversseing
d) She oversees
NO CHANGE
Not delete, because if that, it would be a sentence without subject and verb
(…) the world’s available fresh water. Insects also require far less feed than do [ animals; they] require: a $15 mixture of cat-food, cereal, and powdered milk can feed thousands of bugs for two months. Insects can even consume organic
A. NO CHANGE
B. animals. They require:
C. animals, requiring:
D. animals:
B
C is incorrect, cuz “subject, verb ING” MEANS THAT THIS VERB REFERS TO “insects”, WHICH IS false.
had begun a decade earlier when Whittaker Chambers, [ the man who revealed the evidence on that December evening], decided to defect from the underground Communist party. It was not a decision lightly made
4 At this point, the writer is considering deleting the underlined portion. Should the writer make this deletion?
A. Yes, because this phrase contradicts the characterization of Chambers provided in the introduction.
B. Yes, because this phrase repeats information about the identity of Chambers already provided in the introduction.
C. No, because this phrase helps explain why Chambers decided to defect from the Communist party.
D. No, because this phrase identifies one of the unnamed characters in the introduction as Chambers.
D, the introduction only describes the main character, without mentioning his name. Plus, the “who” is IDENTIFYING someone
[ Women broke traditional gender roles to earn money and make their families proud]. They began working on railroads and streetcars, as engineers and technicians, and in steel mills and lumber yards. By 1943, an additional six million women had entered the workforce. Not only did more women work as new business sectors opened to them, but the composition of the female workforce changed. Before the war, working women were primarily young and single. Middle-aged, married women joined them during the war, almost one out of every four gained employment outside the home. By 1944, 62 percent of the female workforce was 35 and older, and 46 percent of all working women were wedded.
5 Which choice most effectively establishes the main topic of the paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE
B. Women seized opportunities to perform jobs in what had traditionally been considered “male” industries.
C. The Rosie campaign did not account for the fact that many women were unable or unwilling to take jobs outside
the home.
D. The Rosie propaganda campaign gave women the opportunity to be married and work.
B
The main shift of the paragraph is women as INDUSTRIES ROLES. There is not any about money and family proud mentioned.
6
Before the war, working women were primarily young
and single. Middle-aged, married women joined [ them during the war,] almost one out of every four gained employment outside the home.
A. NO CHANGE
B. them; during the war—
C. them during the war;
D. them, during the war:
Although the “: “ of D is correct, there should not be a “,” before “during the war”
C
Most people at that time viewed regulations as a hindrance of business[, however,] the molasses lawsuit ended the era of unrestricted..
a) no change
b) in fact
c) but
d) consequentely
however, is not a CONJUCTION. Therefore , however START AN INDEPENDENT sentence. And comma is NOT enough to separate
change “However” to but
Regardless, its current look is a relatively recent development. Visiting Paris two hundred years ago, [ the city would have looked very different.] Until the middle of the nineteenth century, Paris was
characterized by overcrowded conditions and narrow, winding streets.
A. NO CHANGE
B. Paris would have looked very different.
C. the difference in the city would be seen.
D. you would have seen a very different city.
Visiting Paris two hundreds years ago = YOU WOULD have seen…
Paris’s transformation was largely the work of [ one man: Georges-Eugene Haussmann, ] whose official title was Prefect of the Seine Department.
A. NO CHANGE
B. one man; Georges-Eugene Haussmann
C. one man, George-Eugene Haussmann;
D. one man, George-Eugene Haussmann:
A
there should be a COMMA to separate the MAIN phase with the NONESSENTIAL phase, that IDENTIFIES the man
Although a
link between gift price and feelings of appreciation
might seem intuitive to gift-givers, such an
assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose
that gift-recipients will be less inclined to base their
feelings of appreciation on the magnitude of a gift
than givers assume.
The passage indicates that the assumption made by gift-givers in lines 41-44 may be A) insincere. B) unreasonable. C) incorrect. D) substantiated.
b -> it does’nt say that they DON’T KNOW WHY gift-givers think this way
c
Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely
linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation?
Perhaps givers believe that bigger (i.e., more
expensive) gifts convey stronger signals of
thoughtfulness and consideration
convey means :
a) transportation
b) communication
c) shift
b
a) doesn’t means PHYSICALLY move the object
Let us think in offices; in omnibuses; while
we are standing in the crowd watching Coronations
and Lord Mayor’s Shows; let us think . . . in the
gallery of the House of Commons; in the Law Courts;
let us think at baptisms and marriages and funerals.
The range of places and occasions listed in
lines 72-76 (“Let us… funerals”) mainly serves to
emphasize how
A) novel the challenge faced by women is.
B) pervasive the need for critical reflection is.
C) complex the political and social issues of the
day are.
D) enjoyable the career possibilities for women are
b)
let us think in varios places- at anytime
Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for
Space Engineering Research, the event brought
together mining companies, robotics experts, lunar
scientists, and government agencies that are all
working to make space mining a reality.
The forum comes hot on the heels of the
In lines 9-17, the author of Passage 1 mentions
several companies primarily to
A) note the technological advances that make space
mining possible.
B) provide evidence of the growing interest in space
mining.
C) emphasize the large profits to be made from
space mining.
D) highlight the diverse ways to carry out space
mining operations.
A) the technological advances have yet to be created
B)
But before the miners start firing up their rockets,
we should pause for thought. At first glance, space
mining seems to sidestep most environmental
concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids,
and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences
—both here on Earth and in space—merit careful
consideration.
The central claim of Passage 2 is that space mining
has positive potential but
A) it will end up encouraging humanity’s reckless
treatment of the environment.
B) its effects should be thoughtfully considered
before it becomes a reality.
C) such potential may not include replenishing key
resources that are disappearing on Earth.
D) experts disagree about the commercial viability
of the discoveries it could yield
“b
” consequences merit careful consideration”
1 How long does it take to write a chemistry textbook? Now a ubiquitous sight in chemistry classrooms everywhere, 2 the conception of this orderly arrangement of the elements [was due to the nineteenth-century Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev while he was writing a textbook on general chemistry.]
A. NO CHANGE
B. Dmitri Mendeleev, a nineteenth-century Russian chemist, conceived this orderly arrangement
C. the nineteenth-century Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev conceived this orderly arrangement of the elements
D. this orderly arrangement of the elements was conceived by the nineteenth-century Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev
ubiquitous sight is related to the periodic table - the orderly arrangement of the elements Not the man
D
Walker was not only a trailblazer in the medical 11 [ field, she] was also a relentless visionary who bravely challenged many of the social prejudices of her day,
A. NO CHANGE
B. field she
C. field; she
D. field: she
a comma is NOT ENOUGH TO SEPARATE 2 INDEPENDENT clauses
C
She did not hate many things, [ although she disliked the very act of hating things]
a) NO CHANGE
b) except for hate itself
c) except for that very emotion
d) although she hated that emotion
b
9
A. NO CHANGE
B. static: because
C. static because—
D. static, because,
Statements without predictive power are [ static because, ]they cannot be disproven, we cannot move forwards.
Statements without predictive power are [ static = indenpendent clause
because, ]they cannot be disproven, we cannot move forwards. = independent clause
b
Minor parties are able to make use of new media technologies to disseminate information and promote themselves; typically, these new technologies not only provide broader exposure for minor parties but also act as additional channels through which to challenge major opponents and break into the political debate. However, cyber-pessimists argue that a higher number of communication channels does not equate with more democracy. Both minor and major parties tend to approach the Internet in utilitarian terms, using it as a tool to provide information about policies rather than as a new platform for the promotion of interaction and
interorganizational links.
However, political cyber-optimists have criticized cyber- pessimists for being too extreme and maintain that new media might be the decisive element in pushing the
democratic agenda of elections nowadays. For
1) The author implies that cyber-optimists view the use of new media technologies by minor parties as
(A) the only solution to the problem of unfairness in elections.
(B) useful tools that may be dangerous in the wrong hands because of the limited understanding most people have of them.
(C) platforms that have been carefully developed by politicians in order to serve the needs of special interests.
(D) an opportunity to make the electoral process more democratic.
2) Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
(A) lines 10–12 (“The first . . . exposure”)
(B) lines 12–14 (“Minor . . . themselves”)
(C) lines 18–20 (“However . . . democracy”)
(D) lines 20–24 (“Both . . . links”)
D
(x) “Minor..themselves” = is a broad view, but don’t indicate specifically the cyber views
C