Wrist and Hand arthrology (wk9)

Question 1

Hand functions/type of manipulation tasks:

Answer 1

-Non-contact/ contact
-Non-prehensile/ prehensile
-No motion/ motion
-Motion within hand/ motion not within hand
-Motion at contact/ no motion at contact

Question 2

List the 33 types of grasps (from 20/11 notes)

Question 3

List the 5 types of bones which contribute to the structure of the hand to allow functional requirements

Answer 3

-Distal phalanges
-Intermediate phalanges
-Proximal phalanges
-Metacarpals
-Carpals

Question 4

Describe the carpal bones

Answer 4

-Radial styloid process and ulnar styloid process are the bony landmarks found on the radial and ulnar side of the wrist respectively
-These are a collection of bones called the carpals:
* The pisiform bone sits on top of the triquetrum bone and is a sesamoid bone
* The mnemonic to remember the carpal bones:
Some Lovers Try Positions + That They Cannot Handle
-Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
-Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 5

Interosseous membrane

Answer 5

• Made up of 5 ligaments
• Separates anterior and posterior compartments
• Site of attachment for a number of forearm muscles
• Helps to shift distally applied load from radius to ulnar
• Limits supination of forearm
• Holes help blood vessels pass through it
• The membrane separates the anterior and posterior muscles

Question 6

Carpal tunnel

Answer 6

• Formed by Transverse carpal ligament or Flexor retinaculum (also known as the carpal tunnel)
• Between pisiform/hamate and trapezium/scaphoid
• Pulley for long flexor tendons
• Stabilises arch of wrist
• The carpal tunnel is found as the space under the Flexor retinaculum

Question 7

Describe the movements of the wrist and thumb

Answer 7

-Wrist -> flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, pronation, supination
-Fingers -> Hyperextension, extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction, opposition of the little/5th finger

Question 8

Joints of the wrist and hand
-Radiocarpal joints (between our radius and carpal bones)

Answer 8

• Condyloid
• Flexion/ extension
• Abduction/ adduction (radial deviation/ ulnar deviation)

Question 9

Joints of the wrist and hand
-Carpometacarpal joints (1st CMCJ + 2nd-5th CMCJ) between carpal bones and longer metacarpals)

Answer 9

1st CMCJ (thumb):
* Saddle joint
* Flexion/ extension
* Abduction/ adduction
* Opposition

2nd-5th CMCJ (fingers):
* Plane joints
* Minimal amounts of movements
* Flexion/ extension

Question 10

Joints of the wrist and hand
-Metacarpophalangeal joints (found between longer metacarpals and proximal phalanges)

Answer 10

• Condyloid joints
• Flexion/ extension
• Abduction/ adduction
• Circumduction

Question 11

Joints of the wrist and hand
-Proximal interphalangeal joints (found between proximal phalanges and middle phalanges)

Answer 11

• Hinge joints
• Flexion/ extension

Question 12

Joints of the wrist and hand
-Distal interphalangeal joints (found between middle phalanges and distal phalanges)

Answer 12

• Hinge joints
• Flexion/ extension
  -Thumb only has 1 interphalangeal joint

Question 13

Joints of the wrist and hand
-Intercarpal joints (between our carpal bones)

Answer 13

• Plane
• Limited movement supports wrist flexion/ extension

Question 14

Ligaments of the hand
-2 collateral ligaments + Connective tissue

Answer 14

-2 collateral ligaments -> radial collateral and ulnar collateral. Important for stabilising the wrist and providing stability
-Connective tissue -> Flexor retinaculum forms the carpal tunnel. Connects from the trapezium and hamate and to the pisiform. Creates a tunnel for the flexor tendon and allows the tendon to travel to the fingers and thumb. The nerves and the blood vessels also go through the carpal tunnel so it is crowded with infrastructures in the body. The extensor retinaculum is found on the outer side of the wrist and creates a structure around the extensive tendons that are coming down from the muscles.