Hip arthrology (wk2)

Question 1

Identify and describe the bony landmarks on the innominate:

Answer 1

-Iliac crest
-ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
-PSIS (posterior superior iliac spine)
-Ischial tuberosity
-Pubic tubercule
-Acetabulum
-Lunate surface

Question 1

Describe the bones that make up the pelvis and hip joint

Answer 1

-The pelvis is made up of 2 innominate bones on either side and the sacrum in between
-The pubic synthesis is a cartilaginous joint which joins the 2 bones at the front of the pelvis
-The innominate bones are made up of 3 bones that are fused together; the ilium on the left/right, the pubis at the front (made up of a superior and inferior rami) and the ischium at the back (the part we sit on)

Question 2

Describe the difference between a male and female pelvis:

Answer 2

-Male pelvis -> higher iliac crest, the pelvic inlet is heart shaped, the 2 pubic bones have a greater angle which makes a tight V-shape between the sections of the bones
-Female pelvis -> iliac crest is shorter and broader, pelvic inlet is more circular, the angle between the inferior pubic rami is much wider, so that angle is not as tight (more U shape). -> This allows processes like childbirth to occur

Question 3

Location, structure and function of intracapsular ligaments of the hip joint (transverse acetabular ligament and ligamentum teres)

Answer 3

Location -> Found inside the joint capsule
-Transverse acetabular ligament -> Provides some stability but there is more flexibility than if it was a solid, bony structure around the socket
-Ligamentum teres -> Connects to the phobia of the ball. Provides stability as it keeps the head of the femur in place and has a blood supply which provides blood to the femur from the artery

Question 4

Location, structure and function of hip synovial membrane, acetabular labarum and joint capsule:

Answer 4

-The synovial membrane is found in the synovial ball and socket joint, which secretes synovial fluid into the joint for lubrication, allowing the joint to move around smoothly and for nutrition because the cartilage in the joint has no blood supply
-The labarum is a small layer that sits around the edge of the acetabulum to increase the stability of the ball and socket joint
-The joint capsule of the hip wraps around the entirety of the joint and is a thicker structure. The fibres have a pattern which goes straight towards the femur and at the back is more twisted. This allows for movement during flexion because of the looseness

Question 5

Location, structure and function of extracapsular ligaments (iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments)

Answer 5

-The ischiofemoral ligament is found at the back of the ischium and goes from the ischium to the femur, providing support underneath
-The iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments function to hold the bones in place, provide stability and prevent dislocation injuries

Question 6

Location, structure and function of bursae and inguinal ligament:

Answer 6

-Bursae are found at the hip and are small fluid filled sacks that are there to reduce friction where there is soft tissues, muscles and tendons which cross over bones and joint tissue. It enables to reduce the risk of things rubbing and causing friction
-Inguinal ligament -> Is a tough band of tissue that connects the abdomen and pelvis, forming the base of the groin area. It protects the structure passing between the pelvis and thigh