Lower leg and foot muscles (wk4) Flashcards
Describe the compartments of the lower leg (refer to diagram 19/10)
-Anterior compartment -> Dorsiflexes foot, inverts and everts foot
-Lateral compartment -> Plantar flexes foot and everts foot
-Posterior compartment -> Superficial posterior compartment + Deep posterior compartment
1. Superficial posterior compartment -> flexes knee and plantar flexes foot
2. Deep posterior compartment -> Plantar flexes foot, inverts foot and flees toes
-All of the compartments are separated by fascia
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the lower leg anterior compartment muscles:
-Tibialis anterior and Tensor Digitorum Longus
-Tibialis anterior -> O: Lateral condyle and some surface of the tibia, I: Base of first metatarsal bone, F: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint and inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
-Extensor Digitorum longus -> O: Lateral condyle of tibia, I: Dorsal bases of the phalanges, F: Extend 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes and dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the lower leg anterior compartment muscles:
-Extensor hallucis longus and peroneus/fibularis tertius
-Extensor Hallucis Longus -> O: Middle of the fibula, I: Distal phalanx of the big toe, F: Extend big toe in the foot
-Peroneus/Fibularis tertius -> O: Medial surface of fibula, I: Dorsal aspect of base and body of 5th metatarsal bone, F: Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the (superficial) lower leg posterior compartment muscles:
-Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
-Gastrocnemius -> O: Lateral and medial condyles of the femur and popliteal surface of the femur, I: Posterior surface of the calcaneus, F: Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint
-Soleus -> O: Head of fibula, posterior side of fibula and medial border of tibia, I: Posterior surface of calcaneus, F: Plantarflexes foot at the ankle joint
-Plantaris (triceps surae collectively) -> O: Lateral supracondylar line of femur, I: Posterior surface of calcaneus, F: Assists in plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the (deep) lower leg posterior compartment muscles:
-Popliteus and tibialis posterior
-Popliteus -> O: Groove for popliteus muscle, I: Posterior surface of tibia, F: Medially rotates leg at knee joint and unlocks knee joint at beginning of knee flexion
-Tibialis Posterior -> O: Posterior surface of the tibia, I: Plantar aspects of medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform bones, F: Inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the (deep) lower leg posterior compartment muscles:
-Flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
-Flexor Digitorum longus -> O: Posterior surface of tibia, I: Plantar aspects of bases of the distal phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and little toes, F: Flexes 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes and plantarflexes foot at ankle joint
-Flexor Hallucis Longus -> O: Distal surface pf the fibula, I: Plantar aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe, F: Flexes big toe and plantar flexes foot at ankle joint
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the lower leg lateral compartment muscles:
-Peroneus/Fibularis longus and Peroneus/ Fibularis Brevis
-Peroneus/ Fibularis Longus -> O: Head and lateral surface of the fibula, I: Plantar surface of medial cuneiform bone and base of first metatarsal bone, F: Everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
-Peroneus/ Fibularis Brevis -> O: Lateral surface of fibula, I: Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone, F: Everts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints and assist on plantarflexion of foot at the ankle joint
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the dorsal muscles and location/relation to each other (intrinsic):
-Extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis, dorsal interossei
-Extensor digitorum brevis -> O: Dorsolateral aspect of calcaneus, I: Extensor expansions of 2nd to 4th toes, F: Extend 2nd to 4th toes. It’s a short, thin, fusiform type of skeletal muscle.
-Extensor hallucis brevis -> O: Dorsolateral aspect of calcaneus, I: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe, F: Extends great toe. It’s medial to the extensor digitorum brevis muscle.
-Dorsal interossei -> One of the 2 subgroups of the 4th layer of the muscles of the plantar part of the foot. They abduct the 2nd to 4th toeas at their metatarsophalangeal joints.
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the plantar muscles and location/relation to each other (intrinsic):
-1st layer -> adductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi
- Adductor hallucis -> O: Plantar aspects of bases of 2nd to 4th metatarsal bones, I: Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe, F: Adducts great toe at its metatarsophalangeal joint. It is located in the 3rd layer of muscles that are found in the plantar part of the foot. It is a fan-shaped skeletal muscle and includes a large oblique heas and a small transverse head.
- Flexor digitorum brevis -> O: Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity, I: Plantar aspects of bodies of middle phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th little toes, F: Flexes 2nd, 3rd and 4th little toes. It’s located in the 1st later of the muscles that are found in the plantar part of the foot. Within the plantar part of the foot, each tendons travels superficial to the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus muscle.
- Abductor digiti minimi -> O: Medial and lateral processes of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis, I: Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of little toe, F: Abducts and flexes little toes at its metatarsophalangeal joint. It’s located in the 1st layer of muscles that are found in the plantar part of the foot. It’s a short, fusiform type of skeletal muscle that contributes to the formation of the lateral margin of the foot.
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the plantar muscles and location/relation to each other (intrinsic):
-2nd layer -> Quadratus plantae and lumbricals
- Quadratus plantae -> O: Medial ad lateral aspects of plantar surface of calcaneus, I: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus muscle, F: Assists in flexion of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and little toes. It’s located in the 2nd layer of muscles that are found in the plantar part of the foot. It’s a short, board, quadrilateral type of skeletal muscle.
- Lumbricals -> O: Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus, I: Medial bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 2-5, F: Lumbrical muscles flex and adduct the lateral four toes at the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend them at the interphalangeal joints. These actions contribute to the biomechanical balance of the foot during walking. They are the 4 small muscles found in the sole of the foot. They are described as the muscles of the central plantar compartment.
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the plantar muscles and location/relation to each other (intrinsic):
-3rd layer -> Flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digitorum minimi
- Flexor hallucis brevis -> O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones, I: Medial and lateral aspects of base of proximal phalanx of great toe, F: Flexes great toe. Located in the 3rd layer of muscles that are found in the plantar part of the foot.
- Adductor hallucis -> O: Plantar aspects of bases of 2nd to 4th metatarsal bones, I: Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great tow, F: Adducts great tow at it’s metatarsophalangeal joint. Located in the 3rd layer of muscles that are found in the plantar part of the foot. Superior to the 1st and 3rd lumbrical muscles of foot and the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor digitorum brevis muscles.
- Flexor digitorum minimi -> O: Plantar aspect of base of 5th metatarsal bone, I: Plantar aspect of base of proximal phalanx of little toe, F: Assists in flexion of little toe. Located in the 3rd layer of muscles that are found in the plantar part of the foot. It is inferior to the 5th metatarsal bone.
Describe the origin, insertion and function of the plantar muscles and location/relation to each other (intrinsic):
-4th layer -> Plantar interossei
- Plantar interossei -> Part of one of the two subgroups in the 4th layer of the muscles. They adduct the 3rd, 4th and little toes at the metatarsophalangeal joints. They simultaneously flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints of the 3rd, 4th and 5th little toes. There are 3 plantar interossei muscle in the foot and, from medial to lateral, they are numbered one to three.
