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ANAT2029 > Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sections of bones in the hand

A
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2
Q

Name the Carpal Bones

A
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3
Q

What two carpal bones does the radius articulate with? And which one articulates more?

A

1 Scaphoid and Lunate, It has greatest contact with Scaphoid

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4
Q

What is the structural classification of the radiocarpal joint?

A

Synovial Ellipsoid joint

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4
Q

What is the anatomical cause for greater flexion and adduction at the radiocarpal joint

A

The articular surface of the radius is wider on the radial (thumb) side compared to the ulnar (little finger) side. This asymmetry allows for greater range of motion in flexion and adduction.

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5
Q

What is the midcarpal Joint?

A
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6
Q

Which row of carpals exhibits a greater amount of movement between adjacent carpal bones? Which row generally moves as a unit?

A

Carpals of the proximal row move independently, whereas the distal row moves as a unit.

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7
Q

Which bone is most commonly used as the reference in measurement of ROM?

A

The 3rd metacarpal articulates with capitate, so capitate acts as reference for measurement of ROM.

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8
Q

Finish the table:

A
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9
Q

Which CMC is the MOST mobile?

A

The first (Thumb) jouint

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10
Q

Which CMC Joint is least movile

A

2 and 3

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11
Q

Compare the mobility from the 2nd – 5th CMC joints:

A

The 2nd-5th CMC joints are a synovial plane, which has uniaxial diarthrosis (Movement in one axis)

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12
Q

The 2nd metacarpal articulates with the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate & 3rd metacarpal which makes it the least mobile. What is the advantage of this?

A

Becuase it is wedged in and very stable, that means it can more effectively transfer force to the scaphiod and lunate.

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13
Q

Identify these ligaments

A
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14
Q

Finish the table

A
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15
Q

Which MCP is the LEAST mobile and why?

A

The 5th Metacarpophalangeal joint has the least mobility due to its anatomical bony structure.

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16
Q

Pinch your thumb & index – what force does it exert on your 1st MCP joint?

A

This action causes the distal segment of the thumb to laterally deviate. Thus it exerts a valgus force.

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17
Q

Note the disparity in the articular surface areas of the metacarpal head and the base of the phalange in the 2nd – 5th MCP joints. What structure improves contact area of this joint?

A

Palmar (volar) plates increase the contact area by attaching to the base of the phalanx. It protects volar side of joints when pinching.

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18
Q

In which position are the collateral ligaments of the metacarpal joints taut?

A

They become taut at flexion, due to the large volar plate.

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19
Q

Compare your range of MCP aBd-add in flexion versus extension.

A

The full range of motion in this axis is around 25-30°. This fairly small range of motion belongs mostly to abduction. These movements are limited mainly by the shape and width of the metacarpal head, and by collateral ligaments. When the MCP joints are flexed, neither abduction nor adduction can occur, largely due to the arrangement of the collateral ligaments described above.

20
Q

Compare your range of MCP aBd-add in flexion versus extension.

A

Much more limited in flexion because of the volar plates.

21
Q

Which IP joint has the greater range of flexion? (PIP or DIP)

A

The PIP (proximal interphalangeal) joint has a greater range of flexion compared to the DIP (distal interphalangeal) joint.

22
Q

Do the articular surfaces of the IP joints allow for hyperextension?
note these joints also have palmar / volar plates.

A

The articular surfaces of the IP (interphalangeal) joints, along with the presence of palmar or volar plates, allow for limited to no hyperextension

23
Q

Define the transverse carpal ligament and state its attachments

A

The transverse carpal ligament is the deep part of the flexor retinaculum (Carpal Tunnel) and goes medially from hamate and pisiform laterally to trapezium and scaphoid

24
Q

What is the function of the transverse carpal ligament and what passes through it

A

The flexor retinaculum and transverse carpal acting as a pulley for the flexor tendons, anchoring the thenar and hypothenar muscles, stabilizing the bony structure, and providing wrist proprioception.

The muscles that pass through are Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus along with the median nerve.

25
Q

Which flexor tendons share a common synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel and which flexor tendon has its own separate synovial sheath in the carpal tunnel?

A

Four FDS & four FDP
Flexor pollicis longus has its own sheath

26
Q

What makes up the anatomical snuff box? and what artery passes through?

A

On the radial side you have extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus and on the ulnar side you have extensor pollicis longus. The radial artery travels through the anatomical snuffbox.

27
Q

Note the extensor retinaculum. What is its function?

A

It is a band of connective tissue that helps keep the tendons in place without moving, this stops them from bowstringing and moving too far from the bones.

28
Q

What is the function of the extensor hood mechanism?

A

The extensor hood mechanism’s greatest function is that it acts as a pully mechanism allowing for active extension of the fingers, coordinating finger movements, stabilizing the joints and transferring

29
Q

list the 5 DEDICATED WRIST MUSCLES.

A

1 Flexor carpi radialis
2 Flexor carpi ulnaris
3 Extensor carpi radialis longus
4 Extension carpi radialis brevis
5 Extensor carpi ulnaris

30
Q

What is the general role of extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Major hand movements and wrist movements

31
Q

When making a fist:
* Which muscles are providing the finger flexion force?
* What position is your wrist and why?

A

Flexor digitorium profundus - attaches to the distal phalanges and brings them in
Flexor digitorium superficialis - Attaches to middle phalanges flexing the proximal interphalangeal joints
Flexor pollicis longis - Brings the thumb in

32
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Flexor retinaculum & scaphoid and trapezium
Distal Attachment: Proximal Phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Median nerve reocurrent branch (C8,T1)
Action: Abduct thumb a@ Metacarpophalangeal joint

33
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Flexor retinaculum & scaphoid and trapezium
Distal Attachment: Proximal Phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Median nerve recurrent branch (C8,T1)
Action: Abduct thumb @ Metacarpophalangeal joint

34
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Flexor retinaculum and Trapezium
Distal Attachment: proximal phalanx of thumb
innervation: Median nerve recurrent branch (C8, T1)
Action: Flex thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint

35
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Opponens Pollicis

A

Proximal Attachment: Flexor retinaculum & Trapezium
Distal Attachment: 1st Metacarpal
Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8,T1)
Action: Oppose 1st MC

36
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Abductor digiti minimi

A

Proximal attachment: pisiform, Pisohamate ligament and Flexor Carip Ulnaris
Distal Attachment: Proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Innervation: Deep branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8,T1)
Action: ABduct 5th digit metacarpophalangeal joint

37
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of flexor digiti minimi

A

Proximal attachment: Flexor retinaculum, hamate
Distal Attachment: proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Innervation: Deep branch of the ulna nerve
Action: Flexion of the 5th metacarpophalangeal joint

38
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Opponens digiti Minimi

A

Proximal Attachment: Flexor retinaculum, Hamate
Distal attachment: 5th metacarpal
Innervation: Deep branch of Ulna Nerve (C8,T1)
Action: Oppose 5th Metacarpal

39
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Palmaris Brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Palmar aponeurosis, Flexor Retinaculum
Distal attachment: Dermis
Innervation: Superficial branch of ulna nerve
Action: Improve grip strength

40
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Adductor pollicis

A

Prox attach:Oblique head: capitate & metacarpal 2 & 3 Transverse head: 3rd metacarpal
Distal Attach: Base of 1st proximal phalanx & extensor hood of thumb
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
Action: Adducts thumb and helps with interphalangeal extension

41
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Palmar interossei

A

Proximal Attachment: Metacarpal
Distal Attachment: Extensor hood
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
Action: Adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th digits

42
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Dorsal Interossei

A

Proximal Attachment: Adjacent Metacarpals
Distal Attachment: Extensor Hood
Innervation: Deep ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
Action: Abduct 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits

43
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Lumbricles

A

Proximal Attachment: Flexor digitorium profundus tendons
Distal Attachment: Radial side of Extensor hood
Innervation: Deep Branch of Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Action: Metacarpophalangeal flexion and Interphalangeal extension

44
Q

Identify the muscles of the Thenar group

A
45
Q

Identify the muscles of the hypothenar group

A
46
Q

Name the muscles:

A
47
Q

Identify the muscles

A
48
Q

Name these muscles

A

ANAT2029 (5 decks)

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