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ANAT2029 > Arm Elbow and Forearm > Flashcards

Arm Elbow and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

The normal anatomical alignment of the humerus and ulna in
the frontal plane is:

A

10-15 degrees valgus

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2
Q

Define Valgus

A

The Distal bone is at a greater lateral angle to the proximal bone

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3
Q

Define Varus

A

The Distal bone is angled more medially than the proximal bone.

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4
Q

Name the three elbow joints

A

Humeroulnar - Trochlea of humerus & trochlear notch of ulna, Synovial Hynge, Flex and Extension
Humeroradial - Capitulum of humerus & head of radius, Synovial hinge, Flex and Extension
Proximal Radioulnar- Radial notch of ulnar & Head of radius, Synovial Pivot, Supernation + Pronation

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5
Q

What does load transfer from ulna and radius to trochlea depend on?

A
  1. Articular surface support
  2. Ligament support
  3. Muscular function
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6
Q

Define Cose-packed Position and what angle is it for the humeroulnar joint

A

The angle of a joint where there is the most articular contact, for the humeroulnar joint it is ~80 Degrees

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7
Q

State the joints of the forearm, the components, classification and movement

A

Proximal Radioulnar - Radial notch And head of humerus, Synovial pivot, supination and pronation
Distal Radioulnar - Distal ulna, ulna notch of radius, TFCC, Synovial pivot and plane, Supination and pronation

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8
Q

Identify the following ligaments

A
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9
Q

Identify the following ligaments

A
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10
Q

Define the Oblique Cord

A

A ligament that runs from the ulnar tuberosity to radius distal to the tuberosity, preventing supernation too far

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11
Q

Define interossius membrane

A

Joins the border of the radius to the ulnar

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12
Q

Name the two PRIMARY PASSIVE restraints against VALGUS forces of the elbow

A

medial ulnar collateral ligament and the ulnohumeral articulation

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13
Q

Which joint provides a SECONDARY PASSIVE restraint to VALGUS forces at the elbow?

A

The raduohumeral joint

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14
Q

Name the two PRIMARY PASSIVE restraints against VARUS forces:

A

Lateral collateral ligament complex and the ulnohumeral articulation

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15
Q

Which PASSIVE structure provides stability against posterolateral rotary subluxation?

A

lateral ulnar collateral ligament LUCL

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16
Q

In which direction do the fibres of the interosseous ligament run?

A

collagen fibres of the IOM run distally & medially from radius to ulna

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17
Q

Describe the relationship between tension in the interosseous ligament and PRU & DRU joint contact pressures:

A

When the pressure in the IOM increases the pressure also increases in the PRUJ and DRUJ

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18
Q

In which range of pronation – supination is there maximal force transmission across the PRUJ & DRUJ?

A

Neutral to 60 degrees of supernation

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19
Q

In which range of pronation – supination is the interosseous membrane lax?

A

Full pronation

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20
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of long and short head of biceps brachii

A
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21
Q

Identify this muscle, distal and proximal attachments, innervation and actions

A

Brachialis
Prox: Anterior humerous
Distal: Ulnar Tuberosity
Innervation: Musculocutaneous (C5,6 PICK UP STICKS)
Elbow Flexion

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22
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of all heads of Triceps Brachii

A
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23
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Pronator Teres

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondile + Coronoid process of ulna
Distal Attachment: Midshaft Radius
Innervation: Median Nerve C6,7
Actions: Pronation

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24
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
Innervation: Medial Nerve (C6,7)
Action: Wrist flexion and abduction

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25
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Palmaris Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment: Palmar appenuerosis
Innervation: Median Nerve (C7,8)
Actions: Tenses palmar aponeurosis and weak wrist flexion

26
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Proximal Attachment: Medial epicondyle humerus + Olecranon
Distal attachment: Pisiform, Hamate and base of 5th metacarpal
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C7,8)
Action: Wrist flexion + Adduction

27
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Pronator Quadratus

A

Proximal Attachment: Distal Ulna
Distal Attachment: Distal Radius
Innervation: Median nerve( Anterior Interossius C,7+8)
Action: Pronation

28
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor digitorium superficialis

A

Proximal Attachments: Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle & medial coronoid process + Shaft of radius
Distal Attachments: Middle Phalanges digits 2-5
Innervation: Median Nerve C8T1
Action: 2nd-5th Proximal interphalangeal flexion + Wrist flexion

29
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Proximal Attachment: Ulnar and interossius membrane
Distal Attachment: distal phalanges digits 2-5
Innervation: Lateral half –> Median (C8T1) Medial Half –> Ulna Nerve (C8T1)
Action: 2-5 Distal interphalangeal flexion also wrist and MCP Flexion

30
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: Radius and Interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: Distal Phalanx Thumb
Innervation: Median Nerve (C7,8)
Action: Pollicis (Thumb) interphalangeal flexion

31
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Brachioradialis

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral Supercondylar ridge
Distal Attachment: Distal radius
Innervation: Radial Nerve (C6,7)
Actions: Elbow Flexion, Accessory Pronator (supernation –> Neutral)

32
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Proximal Attachment: lateral supracondylar ridge
Distal Attachment: dorsal surface of 2nd metacarpal
Innervation: Radial Nerve (C6,7)
Action: Wrist extension & abduction

33
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment: Dorsal surface base of 3rd metacarpal

34
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment: Dorsal surface base of 3rd metacarpal
Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve (C7,8)
Actions: Wrist Extension and adduction

35
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment: dorsal surface of base of 5th metacarpal
Innervation: Deep radial nerve (C7,8)
Actions: Wrist extension and Adduction

36
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Supernator

A

Proximal Attachments: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, Supinator crest ulna
Distal attachments: Radius
Innervation: Deep radial (C6,7)
Action: Supination

37
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of anconeus

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Distal Attachment: Olecranon & posterior proximal ulna & joint capsule
Innervation: C6-8
Action: Retracts joint capsule during elbow extension, Adduction of ulna during pronation, Posterolateral stability

38
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor Digitorum

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral Epicondyle
Distal Attachment: Extensor hoods to middle and distal Phalanges 2-5
Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8)
Action: Extends digits 2-5

39
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Proximal Attachment: Lateral epicondyle
Distal Attachment: Extensor hood of 5th Digit
Innervation: ALL EXTERNSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8)
Action: Extends 5th Finger

40
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Proximal Attachment: Ulna, Radius Interisseus membrane
Distal attachment: Base of MC1
Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8)
Action: 1st digit metacarpophalangeal abduction

41
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal attachment: Radius and interosseous membrane
Distal Attachment: Proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8)
Action: Extension of 1st metacarpophalangeal joint

42
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Proximal attachment: Ulna and interosseous membrane
Distal attachment: Distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8)
Action: Extension of 1st interphalangeal joint

43
Q

Name the proximal and distal attachment, innervation and actions of Extensor indices

A

Proximal Attachment: Ulna and interossius membrane
Distal Attachment: Extensor hood 2nd finger
Innervation: ALL EXTENSORS DEEP RADIAL (C7,8)
Action: Extend 2nd Finger

44
Q

Name the two primary muscles of supination

A

Supinator, Biceps Brachii

45
Q

Name the two primary muscles of pronation

A

Pronater Teres and Pronator Quadratus

46
Q

Which muscle may assist pronation to neutral form a position of full supination?

A

Brachioradialis

47
Q

Which muscle aBducts the ulna during fixed hand (like turning a key in a lock) pronation?

A

Anconeus

48
Q

Name the 3 boundaries of the cubital fossa.

A
  1. medial = pronator teres
  2. lateral = brachioradialis
  3. base = Medial and lateral epicondyle of humerus
49
Q

Main contents of the cubital fossa are (Name 3)

A

Biceps brachii tendon
Median nerve
Brachial artery

50
Q

What does the brachial artery divide into

A

Radial artery and ulnar artery

51
Q

Identify the ligaments

A
52
Q

Identify the ligaments

A
53
Q

Identify the ligament

A
54
Q

Identify the three parts:

A
55
Q

Identify the following

A
56
Q

Identify the following

A
57
Q

Identify the following

A
58
Q

Identify The following

A
59
Q

Identify the following

A
60
Q

Identify the following

A
61
Q

Identify the following:

A
62
Q

Identify the following:

A

ANAT2029 (5 decks)

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