Wrap up Chapter 6 Flashcards
Animism
The tendency to describe non living things as if they are alive and have feelings or motives
Egocentrism
In the Piagnetian sense, children’s inability to see the world from other people’s point of view
NOT IN A SELFISH WAY, simply in an unintentional lack of understanding way
Centration
Children focus on one feature of a problem
Focusing on the height of the glass rather than the amount of liquid
Development of attention
partially drive by brain maturation
Executive Function
A group of thinking skills that allow you to control your behavior, suppress impulsive actions and implement long-term plans
Conservation Tasks
Piaget’s hands-on tasks that measure how preschoolers’ logical thinking develops. Each involves asking children what had happened to an object or a set of objects that is rearranged or manipulated in front of them to look different. Preschoolers struggle to logically complete the conservation tasks, but over time, their abilities improve
Intuitive Thought
This is the stage of “why?” Children begin to have a more logical sense of how the world works but still display some limitations
Symbolic Thought
Children use objects to stand in for, or symbolize, another object.
Example: A block can become a rocketship
Development of executive function
shaped by experience and practice
Episodic Memory
Long-term memory for specific events
Scaffolding
Vygotsky’s term for teaching, whether by formal teachers, friends, peers, or family members, that engages children by considering their interests and individual abilities
Private Speech
Vygotsky’s term for the language children use when they talk to themselves
Theory of Mind
The ability to understand that other people have different beliefs, ideas, and desires
Semantic Memory
Remembering facts, lists, and dates of unrelated information
Intrinsic Motivation
The drive to do something because it is its own reward and just doing it feels rewarding
Working Memory
A type of short-term memory that is essential to learning and to problem solving
Prefrontal Cortex
The hub of decision making and conscious thought
Three Mountain Task
Piaget’s test of how well children can imagine how someone else would see the world
Extrinsic Motivation
The drive to do something because you are hoping for a reward
Private Speech
Vygotsky’s term for the language children use when they talk to themselves
Preoperational Thought
The second stage in children’s cognitive development spanning about ages 2 to 7, in which young children are capable of symbolic, but not quite logical, thought
Magical Thinking
Children often come up with illogical or magical explanations for events they do not fully understand
