WR2 - Session 3 Flashcards
Hello - identify the labels please
Identify the different parts of the larynx
Sorry theres lots of labels hehe xo
Which of the cartilages in the larynx is paired?
Arytenoid cartilage
Which cartilage of the larynx forms a complete ring?
Cricoid cartilage
Identify the laryngeal membranes and the other stuff too
What are the boundaries of the laryngeal cavity?
The Laryngeal cavity extends from the laryngeal inlet to the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
What are the boundaries of the laryngeal inlet?
Epiglottis
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Ary-epiglottic ligament (fold)
What are the 3 parts of the lumen of the larynx?
Vestibule - Upper part:
- Between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (the false vocal cords)
Middle part of laryngeal cavity:
- Lies between the vestibular folds and the (true) vocal cords
- False vocal cords are superior to the true vocal cords
Lower part of the laryngeal cavity (Infraglottic cavity):
- Extends from the vocal cords to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
What is the name given to the recess between the vestibular and vocal cords?
Laryngeal Ventricle (not vestibule)
You do not need to know all of the individual muscles of the larynx. However, their nervous innervation is important
What nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
All muscles of the larynx are supplied by the Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Except for the cricothyroid which is supplied by the Superior laryngeal nerve
Both of these are branches of the Vagus Nerve
What are the turning points of the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves?
The left RLN loops under the aortic arch
The left RLN loops under the right subclavian artery
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Movement of the vocal cords
Diameter of the laryngeal inlet
What are the different positions that the vocal cords can take?
Vocal cords are opened (abducted) in normal respiration:
- If heavy/forced breathing then will be fully abducted
During Phonation (speaking/singing) - vocal cords are Adducted (closed)
What forms the roof of the nasopharynx?
Body of the sphenoid bone
Basilar part of the occipital bone
Identify the 3 areas of the pharynx
What are their boundaries?
Nasopharynx:
- Base of skull (roof) to the Soft palate
Oropharynx:
- Hard palate to Hyoid bone
Laryngopharynx:
- Upper border of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid
What are the 3 layers of the pharynx?
1) Outer muscular layer
- Outer circular layer - 3 ‘Constrictor’ muscles
- Inner longitudinal layer - 3 muscles
2) Middle fibrous layer
* This merges with the deep fascia of the muscles and fills in the gaps between muscles
3) Inner mucous membrane
Describe the structure of the muscular layer of the pharynx?
Outer circular muscles:
- Consists of the 3 constrictor muscles:
- Superior pharyngeal constrictor
- Middle “ “
- Inferior “ “
- Act to Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
Inner Longitudinal muscles:
- Consists of 3 muscles:
- Stylopharyngeus
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
Describe the motor supply to the pharynx
Pretty much all motor & sensory Nerve supply to the pharynx derives from the pharyngeal plexus
Motor fibres in the plexus are derived from the Vagus nerve CN X via its pharyngeal branches
Motor innervation = ‘Pharyngeal branch of vagus CN X - except the stylopharyngeus which is supplied by the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
Describe the sensory innervation of the pharynx
Sensory fibres in the Pharyngeal plexus are derived from the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX - these supply most of the mucosa & all 3 parts of the pharynx
Sensory nerve supply of the mucous membrane of the anterior & superior nasopharynx is mainly from the Maxillary nerve CN V2 - although im not sure if this is too specific
What is Waldeyer’s ring?
identify the labels innit
Pharyngeal lymphoid ring (aka Waldeyer’s ring)
A collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx
Made up of:
- Pharyngeal tonsil (aka adenoids)
- 2 Tubal tonsils
- 2 Palatine tonsils (the ones we just call ‘tonsils’)
- Group of Lingual tonsils (at the back of the tongue)
Identify the stuff hehe
