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Head and Neck anatomy > WR1 - Skull & Scalp > Flashcards

WR1 - Skull & Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is found between bones in the skull?

A

Fibrous joints called ‘suture joints’

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the skull?

A

Neuro-cranium

Facial skull (viscera-cranium)

Mandibe

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3
Q

What are the layers of the skull bone?

A

Top and bottom are Compact bone

Middle layer is called the ‘Diploe’ ,is Spongey bone and contains red marrow

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4
Q

Identify dem bones

A

yes

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5
Q

Identify the sutures

What bones do they join?

A

Sagittal: Parietal to parietal

Coronal: Frontal to parietal

Lambdoid: Parietal to occipital

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6
Q

What type of bones make up the facial skeleton?

A

Irregular bones

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7
Q

What muscles are attached to the bones of the face?

A

Muscles of the:

tongue

Mastication

pharynx

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8
Q

What is this bony prominence?

A

Occipital protuberance

of the occipital bone

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9
Q

Identify this

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

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10
Q

What is the zygomatic arch and what makes it up?

A

Zygomatic and temporal bone

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11
Q

What are these?

A

Styloid processes of the temporal bone

serves as an anchor point for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx

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12
Q

What are these?

A

Occipital condyles of the occipital bone

These articulate with the first vertebra (atlas)

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13
Q

What are the three fossae of the skull floor?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle “ “

Posterior “ “

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14
Q

What bone is this?

A

Sphenoid bone

  • This makes up part of the floor of the skull
  • The ‘greater wing’ is the part that does this
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15
Q

What is the largest foramen in the skull floor?

What passes through it?

A

Foramen MAGNUM

  • Medulla
  • Meninges
  • R&L Vertebral arteries
  • Ant & Post Spinal arteries
  • Some other things
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16
Q

What are the ‘orbits’ of the skull?

A

The sockets for the eyeball

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17
Q

What are air sinuses/sacks in skull bones?

What is their purpose

A

Air spaces present within the skull bone. They play a role in decreasing the weight of the skull. AIr sinuses are present in bones around the nasal cavity and open into it

18
Q

What are the ear ossicle bones?

A

Maleus - hammer

Incus - Anvil

Stapes - stirrup

19
Q

What is the canal in the skull which is used for hearing?

A

External auditory meatus (external ear canal)

20
Q

Which bone is the external auditory meatus found on?

A

Temporal bone

21
Q

What are the boundaries of the scalp?

A
  • Anteriorly to eyebrows
  • Posteriorly to superior nuchal lines
  • Laterally to superior temporal line
22
Q

Where is the superior nuchal line?

A
23
Q

Superior temporal line?

A

At the top of temporal fossa (but is still on parietal bone)

24
Q

What type of joint is present between the two bones of the zygomatic arch?

A

Zygomatic - Temporal

‘Oblique suture’ - Fibrous joint

25
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A

Skin

Connective tissue (dense)

Aponeurosis (of occipitalfrontal muscle)

Loose connective tissue*

  • Spongelike - allows free movement of the scalp proper (upper 3 layers)

Pericranium*

  • Dense layer of connective tissue

*not easily visible

26
Q

The 3rd layer of the scalp is the aponeurosis. What does it join?

A

Anterior (frontal) and posterior (occipital) bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle

This is a muscle of facial expression (elevates raises eyebrows)

27
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp comes through two sources. What are these?

A

Anterior part

  • The 3 branches of Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Posterior part

  • Cutaneous branches of cervical spinal nerves C3 & C4
  • ​Both ventral & dorsal rami suppy the scalp

(Anterior/posterior to external ear canal)

28
Q

What structure forms from the ventral rami of C5 to T1 spinal nerves?

A

Brachial plexus

29
Q

What are the branches of the Trigeminal nerve?

A

Opthalmic - V1

Maxillary - V2

Mandibular - V3

30
Q

Idenfity these facial dermatomes.

(these vary a lot across different diagrams)

A
31
Q

What is the link with herpes zoster and dermatomes?

A

Dermatome affected on the skin corresponds to the nerve which supplies it

So patient with herpes zoster on left upper facial area = Left opthalmic nerve (V1)

32
Q

In which layer(s) of the sculp are blood vessels contained?

What characterises these blood vessels?

A

Dense connective tissue layer

Vessels within this layer are unable to fully constrict so lacerations can cause profuse bleeding

33
Q

What are the 2 main arteries that supply the scalp?

A

External carotid (posterior)

Opthalmic artery (anterior)

  • Large branch of the internal carotid
34
Q

What are the branches of the External carotid and Opthalmic artery that supply the scalp?

Identify them

A

When it says Indirect branches of Internal carotid - it means via Opthalmic artery

These are all anastamosing branches

35
Q

What two veins in the neck recieve (most of) the drainage from the scalp?

A

Internal jugular vein (the big one)

External jugular vein

36
Q

Identify the superficial veins that drain skull

A

Superficial temporal is fed into by Frontal and parietal tributaries

37
Q

In addition to anastamosing with each other in the scalp, what other veins do the scalp veins anastamose with?

A

Diploic veins in the skull bones (and through these to the venous sinuses of the brain) through valveless veins called ‘Emissary veins’

38
Q

What is the purpose of emissary veins?

A

Connect the extracranial venous system with the intracranial venous sinuses.

They connect the veins outside the cranium to the venous sinuses inside the cranium (ie providing an alternative route for venous drainage)

39
Q

What potential grave complication could arise from scalp infections due to the presence of emissary veins?

A
  • Rupturing of emissary veins = Subdural haematoma
  • Also provides route for infection spread (meningitis etc)
40
Q
A

Head and Neck anatomy (6 decks)

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