WR2 Flashcards
Identify these parts of the nasal cavity
What bones form the roof of the nose?
Nasal bones
Part of the frontal bone
Ethmoid bone (Cribriform plate)
Body of sphenoid bone
What structures form the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid bone
Vomer
Cartilage
Identify the parts of the nasal septum and the bones that articulate with them
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine processes of the maxillae and the palatine bones which form the hard palate
Identify the parts of the ethmoid bone
Where are the ethmoidal air cells found?
Air cells (ie the sinus) is found in the Labyrinth part of the ethmoid bone
What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa and lines most of the nasal cavity and air sinuses?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What mucosa lines the roof of the nasal cavity?
Olfactory mucosa
This contains bundles of fine axons from the olfactory CN I neurones (relevant to neuro)
These reach it by travelling through the Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
In the nasal cavity - there are 3 sets of concha as we know
What is the name given to the spaces below these structures?
Meatuses
What is the name given to the space that exists above the superior concha?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Remember the superior concha is a separate bone (the ethmoidal bone) hence the name
Branches of which artery supply the nose?
The Ophthalmic artery (a branch of the ICA)
venous drainage is by a venous plexus so i doubt youll ever get asked which vein drains the nose
Describe the nervous innervation of the nose/nasal cavity
Nose supplied by 3 cranial nerves - CN I, CN V, CN VII. CN I is easy, and CN VII we dont really care about rn
CN V - Trigeminal nerve does the general sensory innervation for the nasal cavity:
- Anteriosuperiorly - Anterior ethmoidal nerve - Branch of CN V1 (Ophthalmic nerve)
- Posterioinferiorly - Branches from Pteryogopalantine ganglia from CN V2 (maxillary nerve)
What are the paranasal air sinuses?
4 pairs of air-filled spaces surrounding the nasal cavity
Functions:
- Decrease weight of the skull
- Increase resonance of the voice
Identify the paranasal air sinuses
Which sinus opens into the Spheno-ethmoidal recess?
Sphenoid sinus
Which sinus/air cells opens into the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?
Posterior ethmoid air cells
Which sinuses and air cells open into the middle meatus?
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Middle air cells
Anterior air cells
What opens into the inferior meatus?
Sphenoid sinus
Which air sinus drains like absolute shit and always gets infected?
Maxillary air sinuses
Which branches of the Trigeminal nerve V innervate the following:
A) Frontal air sinus
B) Maxillary air sinus
C) Sphenoid air sinus
D) Ethmoidal air cells
A) CN V1 - Ophthalmic nerve
B) CN V2 - Maxillary nerve
C) CN V1 & V2
D) Ethmoidal nerves - branches of CN V1 Ophthalmic nerve
not sure if this is right btw
What forms the roof of the nasopharynx?
Body of sphenoid bone
Basilar part of occipital bone
The nasopharynx lies above the soft palate
Why is this important during deglutition?
The soft palate cuts off the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx during deglutition - preventing regurgitation of food through the nose
What important structures are in the nasopharynx?
Adenoids:
- AKA nasopharyngeal tonsils
- Collections of lymphoid tissue beneath the epithelium of the roof & posterior wall of the nasopharynx
Oriface of Pharyngotympanic tube:
- AKA Eustachian tube
- Posterior lip of opening is prominent due to underlying cartilage - called the Torus tubarius
Identify all the stuff
Ignore the choana
Turbinate = meatus
