WR2

Question 1

Identify these parts of the nasal cavity

Answer 1

Question 2

What bones form the roof of the nose?

Answer 2

Nasal bones

Part of the frontal bone

Ethmoid bone (Cribriform plate)

Body of sphenoid bone

Question 3

What structures form the nasal septum?

Answer 3

Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid bone

Vomer

Cartilage

Question 4

Identify the parts of the nasal septum and the bones that articulate with them

Answer 4

Question 5

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

Palatine processes of the maxillae and the palatine bones which form the hard palate

Question 6

Identify the parts of the ethmoid bone

Where are the ethmoidal air cells found?

Answer 6

Air cells (ie the sinus) is found in the Labyrinth part of the ethmoid bone

Question 7

What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa and lines most of the nasal cavity and air sinuses?

Answer 7

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 8

What mucosa lines the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Olfactory mucosa

This contains bundles of fine axons from the olfactory CN I neurones (relevant to neuro)

These reach it by travelling through the Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 9

In the nasal cavity - there are 3 sets of concha as we know

What is the name given to the spaces below these structures?

Answer 9

Meatuses

Question 10

What is the name given to the space that exists above the superior concha?

Answer 10

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Remember the superior concha is a separate bone (the ethmoidal bone) hence the name

Question 11

Branches of which artery supply the nose?

Answer 11

The Ophthalmic artery (a branch of the ICA)

venous drainage is by a venous plexus so i doubt youll ever get asked which vein drains the nose

Question 12

Describe the nervous innervation of the nose/nasal cavity

Answer 12

Nose supplied by 3 cranial nerves - CN I, CN V, CN VII. CN I is easy, and CN VII we dont really care about rn

CN V - Trigeminal nerve does the general sensory innervation for the nasal cavity:

• Anteriosuperiorly - Anterior ethmoidal nerve - Branch of CN V₁ (Ophthalmic nerve)
• Posterioinferiorly - Branches from Pteryogopalantine ganglia from CN V₂ (maxillary nerve)

Question 13

What are the paranasal air sinuses?

Answer 13

4 pairs of air-filled spaces surrounding the nasal cavity

Functions:

• Decrease weight of the skull
• Increase resonance of the voice

Question 14

Identify the paranasal air sinuses

Answer 14

Question 15

Which sinus opens into the Spheno-ethmoidal recess?

Answer 15

Sphenoid sinus

Question 16

Which sinus/air cells opens into the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

Posterior ethmoid air cells

Question 17

Which sinuses and air cells open into the middle meatus?

Answer 17

Frontal sinus

Maxillary sinus

Middle air cells

Anterior air cells

Question 18

What opens into the inferior meatus?

Answer 18

Sphenoid sinus

Question 19

Which air sinus drains like absolute shit and always gets infected?

Answer 19

Maxillary air sinuses

Question 20

Which branches of the Trigeminal nerve V innervate the following:

A) Frontal air sinus

B) Maxillary air sinus

C) Sphenoid air sinus

D) Ethmoidal air cells

Answer 20

A) CN V₁ - Ophthalmic nerve

B) CN V₂ - Maxillary nerve

C) CN V₁ & V₂

D) Ethmoidal nerves - branches of CN V₁ Ophthalmic nerve

not sure if this is right btw

Question 21

What forms the roof of the nasopharynx?

Answer 21

Body of sphenoid bone

Basilar part of occipital bone

Question 22

The nasopharynx lies above the soft palate

Why is this important during deglutition?

Answer 22

The soft palate cuts off the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx during deglutition - preventing regurgitation of food through the nose

Question 23

What important structures are in the nasopharynx?

Answer 23

Adenoids:

• AKA nasopharyngeal tonsils
• Collections of lymphoid tissue beneath the epithelium of the roof & posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Oriface of Pharyngotympanic tube:

• AKA Eustachian tube
• Posterior lip of opening is prominent due to underlying cartilage - called the Torus tubarius

Question 24

Identify all the stuff

Answer 24

Ignore the choana

Turbinate = meatus