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Head and Neck anatomy > DR1 - Neck > Flashcards

DR1 - Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral compartment:

  • Cervical vertebrae & postural muscles (prevertebral & postvertebral muscles

Vascular compartments (x2):

  • Carotid sheath
    • CCA
    • IJV
    • CN X

Visceral compartment:

  • Throaty stuff
  • Thyroid & parathyroid
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2
Q

What encloses the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Musculofascial collar

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3
Q

Identify the compartments of the neck and their contents (red) and then the fascial components (blue)

A
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4
Q

Identify the features of a cervical vertebra - what features help identify it?

A

Bifid spine (forked)

Foramen transversarium (vertebral arteries on their way to foramen magnum)

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5
Q

What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and the C1 (atlas)?

A

Condyloid joint (type of synovial)

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6
Q

What is the specific name is given to C1, C2 and C7

A

C1 - Atlas

C2 - Axis

C3 - Vertebra prominens

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7
Q

The neck can be divided into anterior and posterior (lateral) triangles

Label the structures of the neck below that bound the triangles of the neck

A

(The carotid triangle is a sub-area of the anterior triangle)

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the Anterior triangle of the neck:

A) Anteriorly

B) Posteriorly

C) Superiorly

A

A) Median line of the neck

B) Anterior border of the SCM

C) Inferior border of mandible

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9
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior (lateral) triangle of the neck:

A) Anteriorly

B) Posteriorly

C) Inferiorly

A

A) Posterior border of SCM

B) Anterior border of Trapezius

C) Clavicle (between SCM & Trapezius)

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10
Q

What are the main contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Arteries

  • Common Carotid artery + branches
  • External carotid artery + branches
    • Facial artery

Veins

  • IJV
  • Anterior jugular vein
  • Facial vein

Nerves

  • CN X, CN XI, CN XII
  • Ansa Cervicalis (superior root)

Lymph node groups:

  • Submental
  • Submandibular
  • Deep cervical

Organs n shit:

  • Thyroid & Parathyroid glands
  • Submandibular gland
  • All dem muscles
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11
Q

What are the main contents of the posterior (lateral) triangle of the neck?

A

Arteries:

  • Subclavian artery (third part)

Veins:

  • External jugular vein

Nerves:

  • CN XI (spinal accessory)
  • Posterior branches of Cervical plexus
  • Trunks of Brachial plexus

Lymph:

  • Cervical
  • Supraclavicular
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12
Q

What are the attachments, innervation and action of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Origin:

  • Manubrium & Clavicle (superior borders)

Insertion:

  • Mastoid process of Temporal bone

Innervation:

  • Accessory nerve - CN XI

Action:

  • Flexing the Head & neck laterally
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13
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius muscle and its nerve supply?

A

Origin:

  • External occipital protuberance
  • Spinous processes of C1 - T12 (ie a fuck ton of origins)
    • Couldn’t be arsed drawing them all on the diagram below but you get the idea

Insertion:

  • Scapula
  • Clavicle

Innervation:

  • Accessory nerve - CN XI
  • C3 - C4
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14
Q

With all this neck stuff, you’ve got to remember there’s a big fucking muscle covering the neck on top of all this stuff

What muscle is this?

A

Platysma

Innervated by branch of facial nerve CN VII

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15
Q

What is the fate of the ventral rami of the lower cervical nerves that are in the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

They form the brachial plexus

They emerge from between the scalene muscles that form the posterior triangle of the neck

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16
Q

The anterior triangle can be further subdivided into more triangles

What are these triangles and what are their boundaries?

A

Submental:

  • Laterally - Right & left digastric muscles anterior bellies
  • Inferiorly - Hyoid bone

Digastric/submandibular:

  • Superiorly - mandible
  • Inferiorly - digastric anterior & posterior bellies

Carotid:

  • Superiorly - Stylohyoid & PB of digastric
  • Anteriorly - SB of Omohyoid
  • Posteriorly - SCM

Muscular (omotracheal):

  • Superiorly - Hyoid
  • Laterally - SB of omohyoid & SCM
  • Medially - Midline of neck
17
Q

What are the main contents of each sub triangle of the anterior triangle?

A

Submental:

  • Submental lymph nodes
  • Anterior jugular vein

Submandibular (digastric):

  • Submandibular gland (+ tiny bit of parotid)
  • Facial artery & vein
  • Hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Carotid:

  • Common carotid, External carotid, Internal carotid
  • Internal jugular vein, common facial
  • Vagus CN X, Hypoglossal CN XII

Muscular:

  • Thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid muscles
  • Thyroid & parathyroid glands + arteries n shit
  • Larynx, trachea, oesophagus
18
Q

From which artery does each common carotid arise from?

A

Right side = Brachiocephalic artery

Left side = Aorta (arch)

19
Q

Describe the structure and contents of the carotid sheath?

A

Contents enclosed in a fibrous connective tissue sheath & lies in the deep cervical fascia

It is contained mainly within the carotid triangle funnily enough - but kinda just lies deep to the SCM for most of its time

Contents - Common carotid artery, Internal jugular vein, Vagus nerve CN X, Deep cervical lymph node

20
Q

At what vertebral level does the CCA split into the external and internal CAs?

A

C3/4 - at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage

(In the photo the CCA divides a bit too high up than it should)

21
Q

Which of the carotid arteries gives off branches in the neck?

What important branches arise from this artery?

A

The External carotid gives off branches in/that supply the neck…

Maxillary

Lingual

Facial

Superior thyroid

Superficial temporal

Posterior auricular, Occipital, Ascending pharyngeal

22
Q

Identify the arteries in the diagram below

A
23
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid artery

In what structure are these given off?

A

Maxillary artery

Superficial temporal artery

These are given off in the Parotid Gland

24
Q

Identify the labels yes

A

Yes i like

25
Q

Where does the Internal jugular vein arise and run?

A

Arises from (ie drains) jugular venous (sigmoid) sinus

Passes through the jugular foramen of the base of the skull then runs in the carotid sheath

Drains into the Subclavian vein just medially to where the EJV drains into it

26
Q

What is the general purpose of the External jugular vein?

A

The EJV is a superficial vein that drains the scalp and face

It also drains into the subclavian veins, just laterally to where the IJV joins it

27
Q

Identify the veins

A

Appreciate the colours and shit i drew on there

28
Q

Identify the labels

Orientate the diagram - where does the Vagus nerve lie in relation to the other contents of the Carotid sheath

A

CN X lies posteriorly in the Carotid sheath

29
Q

What actually is the cervical plexus?

A

a plexus of the anterior (ventral) rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which arise from C1 to C4

30
Q

Where in the neck does the phrenic nerve arise?

What is its anatomical relation to the carotid sheath?

A

Phrenic nerve arises from cervical plexus in the neck - supplied by ventral roots of C3, C4 & C5

Higher up the neck (near its origin) - the Phrenic nerve runs posterior to the Carotid sheath

Lower down, it moves much more laterally to the carotid sheath

31
Q

Identify the parts of the Hyoid bone

A

Fun fact - its the only bone in the body that is not articulated with another bone

32
Q

What are the 4 muscles/sets of muscles that attach to the hyoid bone

A

Suprahyoid muscles:

  • 4 pairs of these
  • Collectively act to elevate the hyoid

Infrahyoid muscles:

  • 4 pairs of these
  • Collectively depress the hyoid

Hyoglossus muscle

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

33
Q

Identify the Suprahyoid muscles.

For each one, state its nerve supply

A

Mylohyoid:

  • Mandibular nerve CN V3

Geniohyoid:

  • C1 via Hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Digastric:

  • Mandibular CN V3 & Facial CN VII
  • Only one that directly depresses the mandible

Stylohyoid:

  • Facial nerve CN VII
34
Q

Identify the Infrahyoid muscles and state each ones nerve supply

A

Sternohyoid:

  • C1 - C3

Sternothyroid:

  • C2 - C3

Thyrohyoid:

  • C1 via Hypoglossal nerve (same as Geniohyoid of Suprahyoid muscles)

Omohyoid:

  • C1 - C3

Supply of Infrahyoid muscles is via the ANSA CERVICALIS

35
Q

What 2 muscles are these?

A

Hyoglossus & Middle pharyngeal constrictor

These are the muscles that directly attach to the Hyoid bone - but are not supra/infrahyoid muscles

(hyoglossus is the one on right)

36
Q

Identify the labels boyo

A
37
Q

Identify the parts of the Thyroid gland

A
38
Q

What vertebral levels does the thyroid gland exist?

What area of the trachea does the isthmus cover?

A

C5 - T1

Isthmus covers the 2/3rd tracheal rings ish

39
Q

Identify the nerves and labels supplying the Thyroid n stuff

A

Head and Neck anatomy (6 decks)

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