Wound management Flashcards
Name the absorbent dressing types
- calcium alginates
- hydrofibers (aquacel), silver impregnated hydrofiber
- silicone foam
- hydrocolloids
- antimicrobial dressing
- crystalline sodium chloride impregnated nonwoven gauze
- hydrogel
What dressing is this?
non-adherent gauze with bizmuth
What are the side effects of Dakin’s?
- Redness
- irritation
- swelling
- pain
What stage of injury is this?
Unstageable pressure injury
What are the side effects of nystatin?
burning, itching, redness, stinging
What are non-modifiable risk factors for pressure injury?
older than 65
history of pressure injury
What are the interventions for candidiasis?
- keep skin dry
- treat with nystatin
- treat Fluconazole PO or IV for widespread rash
What are the dressings used for stage 2 pressure injury?
- silicone foam to absorb moisture and reduce friction
- hydrocolloid for moderate drainage, change every 3 to 5 days
- non-adherent dressing covered with dry gauze and tape (cloth or silicone tape on fragile skin)
- hydrogel with gauze and tape to add moisture to the wound
What are the guidelines for administering Flagyl?
- PO = empty stomach preferred
- IV = infuse over 30 to 60 minutes
topical = cleanse area first, apply in thin layer
What are the contraindication for compression wrap therapy?
- poor result on ankle-brachial index study
- presence of arterial disease
- decompensated heart failure
- actue SOB
What are personal risk factors for arterial ulcers?
- smoking
- advanced age
- diabetes
- HTN
- hyperlipidemia
- family history
- ethnicity
What is important patient teaching for Flagyl?
- do not drink alcohol for 3 days after treatment ends (risk for disulfram-like reaction)
- avoid driving if feeling drowsy
- possible metallic taste
- may have a dry mouth
- urine may turn dark
What interventions for dry, flaky skin?
- petrolatum ointment (avoid between the toes)
- eucerin emollient after bathing
- lacHydrin
- triamcinolone
What stage injury is this?
Stage 3 pressure injury
Name the pressure points on the body
- back of head
- back of shoulders
- elbows
- lower back and buttocks
- hips
- inner knees
- heels
What are the pharmacokinetics of mupirocin?
metabolized in skin, minimal systemic absorption
What steps can be taken to prevent skin tears?
- do not drag patient, use a lift device
- do not use tape or adhesives on sensitive skin
- maximize nutrition and hydration
- do not pull skin when giving care
- moisturize skin with a low pH product
What are the signs a wound is infected?
- pus
- foul odor
- pain
- swelling
- redness
- heat
- fever
- chills
What is the nursing assessment for Flagyl?
- assess for infection (vitals, wound, sputum, urine, stool, WBCs)
- get cultures before starting therapy
- monitor neuro status with IV admin
- monitor liver function tests
What type of wound is this?
Arterial ulcer
What therapeutic class is fluconazole?
systemic antifungal
What are the nursing interventions for peristomal MASD?
- assess for proper stomal appliance placement
- correct and educate on stoma appliance
- crust skin with pectin based powder and then no sting protectant
- use zinc oxide if paste won’t adhere
What is a stage 2 pressure injury?
- partial thickness loss of skin with exposed dermis or
- serum filled blister
- wound bed pink or red and moist
- no slough or eschar present, no granulation tissue
What are some cardiovascular diseases that increase risk for pressure injury?
impaired circulation
peripheral vascular disease, either venous or arterial
edema
MI
GI bleed
What are the s/s of peristomal MASD?
- maceration
- redness
- denuding of skin
What are the contraindications for topical triamcinolone ?
- untreated bacterial or viral infections
- hypersensitivity to corticosteroids
- use cautiously with hepatic dysfunction, diabetes, cateracts, glaucoma, TB, skin atrophy
What is this wound?
Neuropathic (diabetic) lower extremity wound
What are the interventions for deep tissue injury?
- do not place a dressing
- relieve pressure at all times
- monitor for 7 days
What are the uses of Santyl?
- removal of dead skin and tissue from a wound, esp. ulcer
- uses enzyme collagenase
- works with antibiotics
What dressing is this?
non-adherent gauze with petroleum
What causes arterial ulcers?
decreased blood flow to the lower extremity
What are some nursing interventions for intertrigo?
- keep skin folds dry
- reduce friction
- use pH balanced cleanser and wipes
- textile wicking product in skin folds
What are 3 aggravating factors for MASD?
- friction
- irritants
- microbes
What is the time/action profile for fluconazole?
PO:
- unknown onset, 2 to 4 hour peak, 24 hr duration
IV
- rapid onset
- peaks at end of infusion
- 24 hr duration
What are the side effects of Santyl?
- burning sensation that should subside
- risk for systemic infection
What dressings are appropriate for treating skin tears?
- non-adherent gauze with bizmuth
- non-adherent gauze with petroleum
- silicone foam or non-adherent dressing covered with gauze
What are the types of autolytic debridement?
- hydrocolloid dressing
- crystalline sodium chloride dressing
- very slow method
What is the therapeutic class for Flagyl (metronidazole)?
anti-infectives, antiprotozoals, antiucler agents
anaerobic infections caused by Bacteroides, Clostridium
other: Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, H. pylori, C. Difficile
What are dressings used for venous stasis ulcers?
- bismuth gauze covered by dry gauze and tape
- silver impregnated hydrofiber covered with dry gauze
- foam dressing covered with dry gauze (for drainage)
- wicking textile covered with dry gauze (for drainage)
- cadexomer iodine dressing for wound with biofilm
What solution is used for chemical debridement?
Dakin’s moistened gauze
What is stage 1 of a pressure injury?
- intact skin
- non-blancheable redness (not purple)
- possilbe changes in skin temp, changes in firmness, changes in sensation
What are the pharmacokinetics for Flagyl?
- widely distributed
- excretion by liver and feces
What are the indications for Flagyl?
- anaerobic infections (intra-abdominal, gynecologic, skin, lower respiratory, bone, joint, CNS, septicemia, endocarditis)
- Amebicide (amebic dysentery, trichomoniasis)
- PUD caused by H. pylori
- bacterial vaginosis
What are the indications for lidocaine patch?
local anesthetic
What are the components of a nursing assessment for skin?
- wound description
- nutrition status
- blood glucose levels
- signs of infection
- head to toe skin assessment
What are the indications for fluconazole?
Fungal infections causing the following conditions:
oropharyngeal or esophageal candidiasis
systemic candidiasis
UTI
peritonitis
cryptococcal meningitis
prevention in bone marrow transplant patients
What is Metrogel?
Topical Flagyl
What is MASD?
Moisture associated skin damage
What therapeutic class is nystatin?
Topical antifungal
What are some labs and tests that indicate risk for pressure injury?
braden score under 19
BMI over 30
albumin under 3.5
prealbumin under 20
What is an unstageable pressure injury?
- full thickness skin and tissue loss
- dark wound bed or blood filled blister
- pain and temperature changes to wound
- may degrade in several days to stage 4
What causes skin tears?
external friction or shearing
What are the s/s of incontinence associated skin damage?
- red, inflamed skin, hyperpigmentation in dark skin
- glistening skin
- islands of eroded skin
- complications such as full thickness wound and yeast infection
What are nursing interventions for periwound MASD?
- absorbent dressings
- wound vac
- pouching system
- barrier cream or film on periwound area
What is this wound?
Venous stasis ulcer
What are the indications and uses for nystatin?
- candidiasis (of skin)
- athlete’s foot
- jock itch
- ringworm
- seborrheic dermatitis
- dandruff
- onychomycosis of nails
- tinea versicolor
What are the uses for Dakin’s solution?
- prevent and treat skin and tissue infections that could result from cuts, scrapes and pressure sores
- before and after surgery to prevent surgical wound infections.
How is venous return promoted?
- elevate feet above heart
- avoid sitting or standing for long periods
- promote ankle flexion