Chapter 17: Breasts And Regional Lymph Flashcards

1
Q

Breast is located

A

in front (anterior) to the pectoralis major and serratus, between 2nd/6th ribs, extend from sternum to midaxillary line

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2
Q

Parts of the breast include

A
  1. Tail of Spence
  2. Nipple
  3. Areola
  4. Glandular tissue
  5. Cooper’s Ligaments
  6. Adipose Tissue
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3
Q

Tail of Spence

A

Projects up and laterally into the axilla

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4
Q

Nipple

A

Fought, round and usually protrudes - wrinkled and indented with tiny milk duct openings

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5
Q

Stella

A

Surrounds the nipple, 1-2 cm radius

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6
Q

Montogomery’s glands

A

Small elevated sebaceous glands.

Secrete a protective lipid material during lactation.

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7
Q

Glandular tissue

A

Composed of lobules which consist of clusters of alveoli that produce milk

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8
Q

Cooper’s ligaments

A

Fibrous bands that attach to chest wall muscles

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9
Q

Regional Lymph of the breasts include

A
  1. Centrally Axillary Nodes
  2. Pectoral Nodes
  3. Subscapular Nodes
  4. Lateral Nodes
  5. Parasternal Nodes
  6. Intraclavicular
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10
Q

Central Axillary Nodes are located where?

A

High up in the middle of the axilla

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11
Q

Pectoral Nodes are located where?

A

Along the lateral edge of the pectoral is major muscle, just inside the anterior axillary fold

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12
Q

Subscapular Nodes are located where?

A

Along the lateral edge of the scapula, deep in the posterior axillary fold

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13
Q

Lateral Nodes are located where?

A

Along the humerus, inside the upper arm

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14
Q

Parasternal Nodes are located where?

A

At the eternal edges

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15
Q

Intraclavicular

A

Below the supraclavicular

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16
Q

Male Breast

A

Usually underdeveloped tissue underlying the nipple

17
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Enlarged breast tissue in males, usually temporary and unilateral

18
Q

What information would a nurse gather when asking about Breast History (subjective data)?

A
  • Breast pain or tenderness
  • Breast lumps, lumps or swelling in axillary area
  • Nipple discharge (color, consistency, odor)
  • Rash - including axillary and breast
  • Breast swelling, change in bra size
  • Trauma or injury to breast
  • Hx of breast disease, family hx of breast disease (at what age did relative have breast disease and which relative)
  • Hx of breast surgery or radiation (augmentation, reduction, biopsy, etc.)
  • Self Care Behavior - monthly self breast exam, date of last mammogram
19
Q

What does the nurse need to do during a Physical Exam/Assessment (objective data) of the breast?

A
  1. Inspection
  2. Screen for Retraction
  3. Palpation
  4. Discuss breast exam
20
Q

Inspection of the breast and regional lymph nodes include

A
  1. Skin texture and color

2. Nipples

21
Q

When inspecting skin texture and color of the breast, note:

A

note any edema, bulging or dimpling

note any lesions or focal pattern

22
Q

When inspecting the nipple, note:

A

Symmetry, skin color, texture or lesions (inverted nipples may be a normal variation).
Note discharge.

23
Q

Supernumerary Nipple

A
  • An extra nipple along the embryonic “milk line” on the thorax and abdomen
  • it is a congenital finding
24
Q

Screening for Retraction

A
  1. ask client to lift arms slowly over the head (breast should move symmetrically).
  2. next ask client to place hands onto hips then 2 palms together – note dimpling, retraction(s)
25
Palpation of the Breast and Regional Nodes
1. Palpation of axillae 2. Palpation of breasts 3. Palpation of nipple
26
Palpation of Axillae
Place arm overhead and palpate entire axillary area (may perform in upright or supine position)
27
Palpation of Breasts
supine position, arm overhead palpate breast tissue using one of two patterns (spokes on a wheel or concentric circles or vertical strip pattern), also include tail of spence in palpation
28
Palpation of the Nipple
- “milk” your fingers toward the nipple - repeat from different directions - gently squeeze nipple - note any discharge (color and consistency, test for blood)
29
When discussing breast self-exam, encourage
Self care
30
If a lump/mass is noted, note these characteristics:
``` A. Location - describe as a clock B. Size - in 3 dimensions (cm) C. Shape D. Consistency E. Movable F. Distinctness - is the lump solitary or multiple G. Nipple - is it displaced or retracted H. Note the skin over the lump - is it erythematous, dimpled or retracted I. Tenderness J. Lymphadenopathy ```
31
When inspecting the male breast, the nurse must do what?
1. Inspect chest wall - note skin surface and any swelling 2. Palpate for lumps/masses or any tissue enlargements 3. Palpate the axillary for lymph nodes 4. Discuss education - male breast cancer
32
Male breast cancer
- Rare, about 1% of breast cancers - Males are often diagnosed later in the disease process. - Important to note changes and follow-up.