Wound Healing Flashcards
Stages of Wound Healing
- Hemostasis
- Inflammation
- Re-epithelialization
- Granulation tissue
- Remodeling
Stoppage of bleeding; involves vasoconstriction and clotting (coagulation)
Hemostasis
Clot Components
- Platelets (cell fragments made by megakaryocites)
- Fibrin (rxn cascade, vitamin k pathway)
Too much hemostasis
Thrombosis, heart attack/stroke
Too little hemostasis
Bleeding disorders (hemophilia)
Collagen-von Willebrand Factor (vWF) bind to platelet receptor
Platelet activation -> platelet plug (first step)
Fibrin clot formation activation
Conversion from inactive to active by proteolytic cleavage
What converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
Thrombin
What can affect factors VIII and IX?
Hemophilia
Cleavage of fibrin that can lead to dissolution (removal) of clot.
Carried out in enzyme plasmin
TPA usage to treat clotting
Fibrinolysis
What initiates inflammation after wounding?
- Foreign microorganism presence
- Signals from cell damage
- Cytokines and platelet granule factors
WBC enter tissues how and what order?
Extravasation
- Neutrophils (first responder)
- Monocytes/Macrophage (organize/regulate)
- Lymphocytes (adaptive response)
Inflammatory (pro and anti) cells
Cytokines and Chemokines
Granulation tissue healing cell that synthesizes ECM (connective tissue)
Fibroblasts
Differentiated cells from fibroblasts that resemble smooth muscle cells and aid contraction (reduce wound size)
Myofibroblasts
What cell and factor stimulates Angiogenesis (vessel formation)?
Endothelial cell
VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor)
Techniques to guide wound healing
Membranes
Substrates
Growth Factors
Stem Cells
Binding/adhesion cells for reepithelialization
Integrins
Woven bone -> ______ bone
Lamellar
Warfarin
Anti-coagulation drug
EDTA
Anticoagulant
Heparin
Anticoagulant
Plavix
Anticoagulant
Aspirin
Anticoagulant
Stages of bone healing
- Recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (-> osteoblasts)
- Bone deposition
- Vascularization
- Remodeling (Woven Bone -> Lamellar Bone)
