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Gen Path > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

ECM - functions

A

Mechanical support, scaffolding for tissue renewal, control of cell growth, maintenance of cell differentiation, establishment of tissue microenvironment, storage and presentation of regulatory molecules

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2
Q

ECM - forms (2)

A

-Interstitial matrix - “space filler”
-Basement membrane

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3
Q

ECM - components (3)

A

-Fibrous structural proteins (i.e., collagen and elastin)
-Water hydrated gels (i.e., proteoglycans and HA)
-Adhesive glycoproteins and receptors

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4
Q

Collagen - forms and associated types

A

-Fibrillar (uninterrupted): 1, 2, 3, 5, 11
-Non-fibrillar (interrupted/mesh): 4

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5
Q

Type 4 collagen

A

-Non-fibrillar
-Main component of basement membrane w/ laminin

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6
Q

Vitamin C is required for which step in collagen synthesis?

A

Required for fibrillar collagen assembly, specifically the hydroxylation step

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7
Q

Adhesive glycoproteins and receptors - examples

A

-Fibronectin
-Laminin
-Integrins

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8
Q

Stable tissues - definition and examples

A

Will divide in response to injury or loss of tissue mass
Liver and kidney parenchyma, endothelial cells, smooth muscle

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9
Q

Labile tissues - definition and examples

A

Readily regenerate after injury as long as stem cell pool is preserved
Hematopoietic cells, surface epithelia, transitional epithelia

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10
Q

Permanent tissues - definition and examples

A

Injuries result in scar formation
Neurons and cardiac muscle

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11
Q

Driving force for repair

A

HIF-a

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12
Q

Steps in connective tissue repair (scar formation)

A

Tissue injury –> inflamm –> angiogenesis –> migration and proliferation of fibroblasts –> collagen synthesis –> connective tissue remodeling to fibrous tissue

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13
Q

Vasculogenesis

A

Blood vessel formation during embryonic development - from angioblasts or hemangioblasts

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14
Q

Angiogenesis - what is needed?

A

-Pre-existing vessels
-Endothelial progenitor cells

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15
Q

Angiogenesis - growth factors

A

HIF-a, VEGF and VEGFR2 on endothelial cells

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16
Q

Angiogenesis - regulation/control

A

Notch pathway (helps w/ spacing)

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17
Q

Angiogenesis - inhibitors

A

Angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin

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18
Q

Angiogenesis - pro-vessel stabilization

A

Angiopoietin 1, PDGF, TGF-B

19
Q

Angiogenesis - anti-vessel stabilization/pro-remodeling

A

Angiopoietin 2, MMPs

20
Q

TGF-B - functions

A

-Fibroblast migration and proliferation
-Inc synthesis of collagen (myofibroblasts)
-Dec degradation of ECM by inhibiting MMPs

21
Q

TGF-B - pathway

A

SMAD pathway

22
Q

ECM - degradation

A

MMPs

23
Q

MMPs - activation

A

Macs, fibroblasts, leukocytes, others

24
Q

TIMPs - definition

A

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases

25
Q

Causes of altered wound healing

A

Infxn, nutritional issues, glucocorticoids, poor apposition, poor perfusion, foreign bodies

26
Q

Glucocorticoid delay of wound healing

A

Can inhibit TGF-B and diminish fibrosis

27
Q

Secondary intention healing - differences

A

-Larger fibrin clot
-More exudate and necrotic debris
-More intense inflamm
-More granulation tissue
-Type 3 collagen replaced by type 1
-Wound contraction

28
Q

Wound healing - stages

A

Hemostasis –> inflammation –> proliferation –> maturation

29
Q

Examples of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A

Keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

30
Q

Examples of glycoproteins

A

Fibronectin, integrins, laminins

31
Q

Actions of HIF-a

A

•Hydroxylated (normal O2 conditions) HIF-a is inactive
•Non-hydroxylated HIF-a is active and binds to HRE which upregulates repair mechanisms (VEGF, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, etc)

32
Q

What is the most important growth factor and its receptor (including location) for early stages of angiogenesis?

A

VEGF A
VAGFR2 on ECs

33
Q

Regulators of angiogenesis

A

Notch pathway, VEGFR1, and angiogenesis inhibitors (angiostatin, endostatin, thrombospondin)

34
Q

Pro vessel stabilization factors

A

Angiopoietin 1, PDGF, TGF-B

35
Q

Anti vessel stabilization/pro remodeling factors

A

Angiopoietin 2, MMPs

36
Q

Functions of TGF-B in wound healing

A

•Fibroblast migration and proliferation
•Inc synthesis of collagen (myofibroblasts)
•Dec ECM degradation by inhibit MMPs

37
Q

How TGF-B stimulates fibroblast migration and proliferation

A

Binds to receptor —> phosphorylates R-SMAD and Co-SMAS to overcome SMAD7 inhibition

38
Q

Signals for activation of MMPs

A

PDGF, EGF, IL1/TNF

39
Q

MMP inhibitors

A

TIMPs (made by mesenchymal cells)
TGF-B
Steroids

40
Q

Factor that promotes fibrosis

A

TGF-B

41
Q

Stimulator of fibrosis

A

TGF-B

42
Q

Inhibitory SMAD

A

SMAD7

43
Q

In angiogenesis, which cell signaling pathway is responsible for inhibiting stalk cell mitosis?

A

Notch

Gen Path (8 decks)

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