Hemodynamics & Hemostasis

Question 1

Mediators of increased vascular permeability

Answer 1

IL1, TNF, IFNy, histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, substance P, anaphylotoxins, serotonin, platelet activating factor

Question 2

Red infarct - location and composition

Answer 2

Venous occlusion in loose spongy tissues, marked numbers of RBCs

Question 3

White infarct - location and composition

Answer 3

Arterial occlusion in solid organs

Question 4

Anticoagulants

Answer 4

Prostacyclin
Heparin
Thrombomodulin, tPA, TFP1
ADAMTS13, ADP, annexin
Protein S
NO

Question 5

Procoagulants

Answer 5

TF (secondary hemostasis)
vWF (primary hemostasis)
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1)
Protease-activated receptors (PARs)

Question 6

Platelet granule contents

Answer 6

•Alpha: P-selectin, fibrinogen, F.V, F.VIII, fibronectin, vWF, platelet F.IV, PDGF, TGF-B
•Delta (dense): ADP/ATP, iCa, serotonin, epinephrine, histamine, GDP/GTP
•Lysosomes: hydrolyses, associated and integral membrane proteins (LIMPS & LAMPS)

Question 7

Platelet open canalicular system function

Answer 7

Increases surface area

Question 8

Is serotonin a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?

Answer 8

Vasoconstrictor

Question 9

GpIb/IX/V (CD41/61) - binding site and result

Answer 9

vWF (adhesion)

Question 10

GpIIb-IIIa - binding site and result

Answer 10

Fibrinogen (aggregation)

Question 11

GpVI - binding site

Answer 11

Collagen

Question 12

P2Y, P2Y12 - binding site and result

Answer 12

ADP (shape change and aggregation)

Question 13

P2X1 - binding site and result

Answer 13

ATP (calcium entry)

Question 14

Thromboxane receptors - binding site and result

Answer 14

Alpha (shape change, calcium entry), beta (aggregation)

Question 15

Stable adhesion binding factors

Answer 15

GPIb/V/IX — vWF, GPIIb/IIIa — fibrinogen, GPIa/IIa and GPVI — collagen

Question 16

Factor II is also called

Answer 16

Prothrombin

Question 17

What is responsible for cross-linking fibrin?

Answer 17

Factor XIIIa

Question 18

Platelet binding:
GPIb/V/IX
GPIIb/IIIa
Ia/IIa
VI

Answer 18

vWF
Fibrinogen
Collagen
Collagen

Question 19

Coagulation cofactors

Answer 19

Phospholipids (on plt membrane) and calcium

Question 20

Protein C and S function

Answer 20

Inhibit factors Va and VIIIa

Question 21

tPA requires what for activation?

Answer 21

Fibrin

Question 22

Kindlin 3 disorder

Answer 22

Cofactor for GpIIb-IIIa activation

Question 23

Scott syndrome

Answer 23

Markedly reduced platelet membrane externalization of PS
Splice site mutation in TMEM16F gene
-encodes transmembrane calcium-dependent lipid scramblases

Question 24

Factor-related consequence of von Willebrand Disease

Answer 24

Decreased F.VIII levels

Question 25

Pale thrombi

Answer 25

Arterial, rapid bloodflow
Minimal blood but platelet-rich and fibrin-rich
Firmly attached with downstream tail

Question 26

Red thrombi

Answer 26

Venous, slow blood flow/stasis
Many RBCs, gelatinous/soft/glistening, occlusive